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The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2024) | Viewed by 67539

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Dr. Megan E. Jensen

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Asthma Breathing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
Interests: nutrition; asthma; pediatrics; vitamin D; dietitian; clinical trials; obesity; body composition; pregnancy; breastfeeding; respiratory
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Dear Colleagues,

I invite you to contribute your research to this Special Issue on The Effect of Vitamin D in Respiratory Disease. Respiratory disease represents a major global health burden across all ages, especially among Western societies. Childhood asthma is a leading chronic condition in children, with respiratory tract infections, bronchiolitis and wheeze impacting a high proportion of infants and young children from early in life, and increasing the risk of respiratory disease later in life. The role of vitamin D in respiratory health and disease continues to be an important research area, with evidence supporting the extra-skeletal properties of vitamin D, including immunomodulatory functions.

This Special Issue is open to research concerning the role of vitamin D in respiratory disease across the lifespan, including preventative and management approaches. We welcome the submission of both original research articles (both intervention and association studies) and reviews (with preference for systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Dr. Megan E. Jensen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

vitamin D
respiratory
wheeze
respiratory tract infection
diet
supplementation
asthma
COPD
developmental origins of disease

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Vitamin D Status

by Martyna Sanecka, Modar Youssef, Mohammad Abdulsalam, Syed F. Raza, Abdul Qadeer, Julia Ioana, Alya Aldoresi, Syed I. Shah, Abdul Al Lawati, Joseph Feely, William P. Tormey, Eoghan O’Neill, Liam J. Cormican, Eoin P. Judge, Daniel M. A. McCartney and John L. Faul

Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2976; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132976 - 30 Jun 2023

Viewed by 3643

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination promises to improve outcomes for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (most notably those with advanced age and at high risk for severe disease). Here, we examine serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and outcomes in both old (>70 years) and young vaccinated (n = 80) and unvaccinated (n = 91) subjects, who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia in a single center (Connolly Hospital Dublin). Outcomes included ICU admission and mortality. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized as D30 (<30 nmol/L), D40 (30–49.99 nmol/L) and D50 (≥50 nmol/L). In multivariate analyses, D30 was independently associated with ICU admission (OR: 6.87 (95% CI: 1.13–41.85) (p = 0.036)) and mortality (OR: 24.81 (95% CI: 1.57–392.1) (p = 0.023)) in unvaccinated patients, even after adjustment for major confounders including age, sex, obesity and pre-existing diabetes mellitus. While mortality was consistently higher in all categories of patients over 70 years of age, the highest observed mortality rate of 50%, seen in patients over 70 years with a low vitamin D state (D30), appeared to be almost completely corrected by either vaccination, or having a higher vitamin D state, i.e., mortality was 14% for vaccinated patients over 70 years with D30 and 16% for unvaccinated patients over 70 years with a 25(OH)D level greater than 30 nmol/L. We observe that high mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia occurs in older patients, especially those who are unvaccinated or have a low vitamin D state. Recent vaccination or having a high vitamin D status are both associated with reduced mortality, although these effects do not fully mitigate the mortality risk associated with advanced age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

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10 pages, 491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Maternal Gestational Vitamin D Supplementation with Respiratory Health of Young Children

by Fanny Loddo, Steve Nauleau, David Lapalus, Sophie Tardieu, Olivier Bernard and Farid Boubred

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2380; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102380 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2522

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal gestational Vitamin D3 supplementation and early respiratory health in offspring. This was a population-based record-linkage study which used data from the French National Health Database System. Maternal Vitamin D3 supplementation consisted of a single high oral dose of cholecalciferol, (100,000 IU) from the seventh month of pregnancy, according to national guidelines. In total, 125,756 term-born singleton children were included, of which 37% had respiratory illness defined as hospital admission due to respiratory causes or inhalation treatment up to 24 months of age. Infants prenatally exposed to maternal Vitamin D3 supplementation (n = 54,596) were more likely to have a longer gestational age (GA) at birth (GA 36–38 weeks, 22% vs. 20%, p < 0.001 in exposed vs. non-exposed infants, respectively). After adjusting for the main risk factors (maternal age, socioeconomic level, mode of delivery, obstetrical and neonatal pathology, birth weight appropriateness, sex, and birth season), the risk of RD was found to be 3% lower than their counterparts (aOR [IC 95%], 0.97 [0.95–0.99], p = 0.01). In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the association between maternal gestational Vitamin D3 supplementation and improved early respiratory outcomes in young children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

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10 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Early Childhood Vitamin D Status and Age 6-Year Lung Function among Children with a History of Severe Bronchiolitis in Infancy

by George Doumat, Geneva D. Mehta, Jonathan M. Mansbach, Kohei Hasegawa and Carlos A. Camargo, Jr.

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2379; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102379 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1751

Abstract

Improving lung health in children requires understanding the risk factors for decreased lung function. Our objective was to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and lung function in children. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis (severe bronchiolitis), a group at high risk for developing childhood asthma. Children were followed longitudinally, and 25(OH)D and spirometry testing were conducted at ages 3 and 6, respectively. We used a multivariable linear regression adjusted for race/ethnicity, annual household income, premature birth, and secondhand smoke exposure to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D level and primary outcomes (percent predicted [pp] of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the forced vital capacity (FVC)) and secondary outcome (FEV1pp/FVCpp). Serum 25(OH)D level and age 6 spirometry were available for 363 children. In adjusted analyses comparing the highest quintile (Q5) of serum 25(OH)D (median 37 ng/mL) to the lowest quintile (Q1; median 18 ng/mL), FEV1pp was 6% lower (p = 0.03) in Q1. Likewise, FVCpp was 7% lower (p = 0.03) in Q1. There was no difference in FEV1pp/FVCpp across the serum 25(OH)D quintiles. Compared to children with higher vitamin D status at age 3, those with lower status had decreased FEV1pp and FVCpp at 6 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

13 pages, 1044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and VDR Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2228570 Influence on COVID-19 Susceptibility among the Kazakh Ethnic Group—A Pilot Study

by Valeriya V. Protas, Gayane P. Pogossyan, Konstantin G. Li, Assel G. Zhumina, Anar K. Bisseneva and Dinara N. Shaikina

Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071781 - 6 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2269

Abstract

Low plasma levels of the vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the body’s susceptibility to infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this pilot retrospective study, representatives of the Kazakh population (central Kazakhstan) were divided into groups based on the test for IgM and IgG for coronavirus infection. We compared the 25(OH)D plasma levels and concluded that the COVID-19-positive group values (25.17 ng/mL ± 16.65) were statistically lower (p = 0.0114) compared to the COVID-19-negative ones (35.58 ng/mL ± 20.67). There was no association between age, gender and 25(OH)D concentration within the groups (p > 0.05). The genotyping of rs2228570 was performed using a TaqMan Real-Time PCR assay. Allele C predominated among the COVID-19-negative participants and significantly reduced the likelihood of coronavirus infection (p < 0.0001; OR = 0.0804; 95% CI 0.02357–0.2798). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the A, G and T alleles in the studied groups (p > 0.05). The GG genotype of rs2228570 was associated with a 4.131-fold increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.0288; χ² = 5.364; OR = 4.131; 95% CI 1.223–13.71). Comprehensive studies are required to determine whether low 25(OH)D plasma concentrations and genetic background represent a risk factor for COVID-19 infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

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16 pages, 1773 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Influence SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Efficacy or Immunogenicity: Sub-Studies Nested within the CORONAVIT Randomised Controlled Trial

by David A. Jolliffe, Giulia Vivaldi, Emma S. Chambers, Weigang Cai, Wenhao Li, Sian E. Faustini, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Anna K. Coussens, Alex G. Richter, Áine McKnight and Adrian R. Martineau

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3821; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183821 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3893

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to associate with the impaired development of antigen-specific responses following vaccination. We aimed to determine whether vitamin D supplements might boost the immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by conducting three sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial, which investigated the effects of offering vitamin D supplements at a dose of 800 IU/day or 3200 IU/day vs. no offer on risk of acute respiratory infections in UK adults with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <75 nmol/L. Sub-study 1 (n = 2808) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Sub-study 2 (n = 1853) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on titres of combined IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) anti-Spike antibodies in eluates of dried blood spots collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Sub-study 3 (n = 100) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on neutralising antibody and cellular responses in venous blood samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In total, 1945/2808 (69.3%) sub-study 1 participants received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca); the remainder received two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer). Mean follow-up 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly elevated in the 800 IU/day vs. no-offer group (82.5 vs. 53.6 nmol/L; mean difference 28.8 nmol/L, 95% CI 22.8–34.8) and in the 3200 IU/day vs. no offer group (105.4 vs. 53.6 nmol/L; mean difference 51.7 nmol/L, 45.1–58.4). Vitamin D supplementation did not influence the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated participants (800 IU/day vs. no offer: adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.84; 3200 IU/day vs. no offer: 1.17, 0.81 to 1.70). Neither did it influence IgGAM anti-Spike titres, neutralising antibody titres or IFN-γ concentrations in the supernatants of S peptide-stimulated whole blood. In conclusion, vitamin D replacement at a dose of 800 or 3200 IU/day effectively elevated 25(OH)D concentrations, but it did not influence the protective efficacy or immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination when given to adults who had a sub-optimal vitamin D status at baseline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

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Review

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19 pages, 2275 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Roles of MicroRNAs in Asthma and Emerging Insights into the Effects of Vitamin D₃ Supplementation

by Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder, Rodrigo Romero-Nava, Blanca E. Del-Río-Navarro, Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz, Carlos A. Guzmán-Martín, Nayely Reyes-Noriega, Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés, José J. Leija-Martínez, Juan Manuel Vélez-Reséndiz, Santiago Villafaña, Enrique Hong and Fengyang Huang

Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030341 - 24 Jan 2024

Viewed by 3238

Abstract

Asthma is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide, characterized by variable airflow limitation secondary to airway narrowing, airway wall thickening, and increased mucus resulting from chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. Current epidemiological studies reported that hypovitaminosis D is frequent in patients with asthma and is associated with worsening the disease and that supplementation with vitamin D₃ improves asthma symptoms. However, despite several advances in the field, the molecular mechanisms of asthma have yet to be comprehensively understood. MicroRNAs play an important role in controlling several biological processes and their deregulation is implicated in diverse diseases, including asthma. Evidence supports that the dysregulation of miR-21, miR-27b, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-155 leads to disbalance of Th1/Th2 cells, inflammation, and airway remodeling, resulting in exacerbation of asthma. This review addresses how these molecular mechanisms explain the development of asthma and its exacerbation and how vitamin D₃ may modulate these microRNAs to improve asthma symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

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Other

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16 pages, 1688 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Preventive Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk for COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Marina Sartini, Filippo Del Puente, Martino Oliva, Alessio Carbone, Nicoletta Bobbio, Elisa Schinca, Luana Giribone and Maria Luisa Cristina

Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050679 - 28 Feb 2024

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 48907

Abstract

Over the past few decades, vitamin D has been found to play a crucial role in bone homeostasis, muscle function, oncogenesis, immune response and metabolism. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers have tried to determine the role vitamin D might play in the immune response to the virus. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to demonstrate that preventive vitamin D supplementation can play a protective role in the incidence of COVID-19, mortality and admission to intensive care units (ICUs). A comprehensive search on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases was performed on 15 May 2023, and two of the authors independently screened the literature. As effect measures, we calculated the Odds Ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (ICs). The assessment of potential bias and the evaluation of study quality will be conducted independently by two researchers. Sixteen publications were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation has a protective effect against the incidence of COVID-19 in RCT studies (OR 0.403, 95% IC 0.218, 0.747), in the incidence of COVID-19 in analytical studies (OR = 0.592, 95% IC 0.476–0.736) and in ICU admission (OR 0.317, 95% IC 0.147–0.680). Subsequent analyses were conducted by type of subject treated (patient/healthcare workers) and type of supplementation (vitamin D vs. placebo/no treatment or high dose vs. low dose). Our meta-analysis suggests a definitive and significant association between the protective role of vitamin D and COVID-19 incidence and ICU admission. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Respiratory Disease)

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