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Diet and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia and Disease-Induced Low Muscle...
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Diet and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia and Disease-Induced Low Muscle Mass

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 7056

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Adam Gordon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Science (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Interests: care of older people; healthcare professions; long-term care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Paula Schmidt Azevedo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
Interests: malnutrition; nutrition risk assessment; in-hospital patient care; sarcopenia; cachexia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Carolyn Greig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Interests: sarcopenia; muscle health in older age; nutritional and physical activity interventions to maintain functional ability in older adults living with frailty
Prof. Dr. Ivan Aprahamian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Geriatrics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiaí Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
Interests: sarcopenia; frailty; cognitive and depressive disorders in older people
Prof. Dr. Marcos Ferreira Minicucci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: nutrition in cardiac remodeling and septic shock; nutritional biochemistry; hypertension

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world population has been ageing rapidly in recent decades. Ageing is associated with losses of muscle mass and function, leading to sarcopenia, which will be exacerbated when ageing is coupled with chronic disease, sedentary behaviour, hospitalization, and nutritional deficiencies. Sarcopenia increases the risk for poor outcomes, such as falls, hospital length of stay, and all-cause mortality. The definitive complex aetiology of sarcopenia is yet to be determined, as well as the treatment for this disorder, which remains to be elucidated. At the moment, sarcopenia is considered to be "overlooked but undertreated"1. As such, a better understanding of potential prevention or mitigation strategies to attenuate muscle decline during ageing, chronic disease, and hospitalization are urgent. This Special Issue aims to publish research on exercise and nutritional interventions to counteract sarcopenia. Your contribution to this Special Issue is much appreciated.

Prof. Dr. Adam Gordon
Prof. Dr. Paula Schmidt Azevedo
Prof. Dr. Carolyn Greig
Prof. Dr. Ivan Aprahamian
Prof. Dr. Marcos Ferreira Ferreira Minicucci
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sarcopenia
  • protein
  • energy
  • oral nutritional supplements (ONS): Creatine, amino acids, Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB), Omega-3 fatty acid
  • food fortification
  • exercise (aerobic, resistance, balance, high intensity interval training)
  • exercise engagement

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 1396 KiB  
Article
Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Exercise Training on Walking Speed Recovery in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis and Sarcopenia
by Chun-De Liao, Shih-Wei Huang, Hung-Chou Chen, Yu-Yun Huang, Tsan-Hon Liou and Che-Li Lin
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071552 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3791
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is closely associated with sarcopenia, sharing the common characteristics of muscle weakness and low physical performance. Resistance exercise training (RET), protein supplementation (PS), and PS+RET have promise as treatments for both sarcopenia and KOA. However, whether PS+RET exerts any effect [...] Read more.
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is closely associated with sarcopenia, sharing the common characteristics of muscle weakness and low physical performance. Resistance exercise training (RET), protein supplementation (PS), and PS+RET have promise as treatments for both sarcopenia and KOA. However, whether PS+RET exerts any effect on time to recovery to normal walking speed (WS) in older adults with sarcopenia and KOA remains unclear. This study investigated the treatment efficiency of PS+RET on WS recovery among individuals with KOA and sarcopenia. A total of 108 older adults aged ≥ 60 years who had a diagnosis of radiographic KOA and sarcopenia were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Sarcopenia was defined on the basis of the cutoff values of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index for Asian people and a slow WS less than 1.0 m/s. The patients were equally distributed to three groups: PS+RET, RET alone, and usual care. The weekly assessment was performed during a 12-week intervention and a subsequent 36-week follow-up period. A cutoff of 1.0 m/s was used to identify successful recovery to normal WS. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to measure the survival time to normal WS among the study groups. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression (CPHR) models were established to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of successful WS recovery and determine its potential moderators. After the 3-month intervention, PS+RET as well as RET obtained greater changes in WS by an adjusted mean difference of 0.18 m/s (p < 0.0001) and 0.08 (p < 0.05) m/s, respectively, compared to usual care. Kaplan–Meier analysis results showed both RET and PS+RET interventions yielded high probabilities of achieving normal WS over the 12-month follow-up period. Multivariate CPHR results revealed that PS+RET (adjusted HR = 5.48; p < 0.001), as well as RET (adjusted HR = 2.21; p < 0.05), independently exerted significant effects on WS recovery. PS+RET may accelerate normal WS recovery by approximately 3 months compared with RET. Sex and initial WS may influence the treatment efficiency. For patients with KOA who suffer sarcopenia, 12-week RET alone exerts significant effects on WS recovery, whereas additional PS further augments the treatment effects of RET by speeding up the recovery time of WS toward a level ≥ 1.0 m/s, which facilitates the patients to diminish the disease severity or even free from sarcopenia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia and Disease-Induced Low Muscle Mass)
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11 pages, 906 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Maha Timraz, Ahmad Binmahfoz, Terry J. Quinn, Emilie Combet and Stuart R. Gray
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3579; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163579 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes [...] Read more.
The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes of muscle mass and physical function in older individuals under conditions of habitual physical activity/exercise. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021267011) and followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The search for relevant studies was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults comparing the effects of LCn-3 PUFA with a control oil supplement on muscle strength were included. Five studies involving a total of 488 participants (348 females and 140 males) were identified that met the specified inclusion criteria and were included. Upon analyzing the collective data from these studies, it was observed that supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA did not have a significant impact on grip strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [−0.05, 1.27]; p = 0.07) in comparison to the control group. However, there was a considerable level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 90%; p < 0.001). As secondary outcomes were only measured in a few studies, with significant heterogeneity in methods, meta-analyses of muscle mass and functional abilities were not performed. Papers with measures of knee extensor muscle mass as an outcome (n = 3) found increases with LCn-3 PUFA supplementation, but studies measuring whole body lean/muscle mass (n = 2) and functional abilities (n = 4) reported mixed results. With a limited number of studies, our data indicate that LCn-3 PUFA supplementation has no effect on muscle strength or functional abilities in older adults but may increase muscle mass, although, with only a few studies and considerable heterogeneity, further work is needed to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia and Disease-Induced Low Muscle Mass)
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