Hydration on Performance and Health
A topical collection in Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This collection belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".
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Editor
Dr. William M. Adams
Dr. William M. Adams
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Collection Editor
United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
Interests: fluid regulation; hydration physiology; hydration issues in sports and physical activity; thermal physiology; exertional heat illness
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Topical Collection Information
Dear Colleagues,
The purpose of this Collection is to present novel reviews and experimental data regarding hydration and its implication for overall health and performance. In the context of sports and physical activity, proper hydration and nutrition are vital components for the optimization of physical and cognitive performance, and for enhancing health and wellness. Despite extensive work in this area, hydration- and nutrition-related topics in this area remain debated within the scientific literature. There remains to be a thorough understanding of the effect of hydration on performance and health, and of the hydration and nutrition requirements to optimize performance.
In this Collection of Nutrients, we welcome the submission of manuscripts that provide either original research or reviews on the current state of research.
Dr. William M. Adams
Collection Editor
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Keywords
- water intake
- hydration
- water regulation
- athletic performance
- cognition
- kidney health
Published Papers (3 papers)
Open AccessArticle
Personalized Hydration Strategy to Improve Fluid Balance and Intermittent Exercise Performance in the Heat
by
Haicheng Li, Kate S. Early, Guangxia Zhang, Pengwei Ma and Haoyan Wang
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Abstract
Sweat rate and electrolyte losses have a large inter-individual variability. A personalized approach to hydration can overcome this issue to meet an individual’s needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a personalized hydration strategy (PHS) on fluid balance and intermittent exercise
[...] Read more.
Sweat rate and electrolyte losses have a large inter-individual variability. A personalized approach to hydration can overcome this issue to meet an individual’s needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a personalized hydration strategy (PHS) on fluid balance and intermittent exercise performance. Twelve participants conducted 11 laboratory visits including a VO
2max test and two 5-day trial arms under normothermic (NOR) or hyperthermic (HYP) environmental conditions. Each arm began with three days of familiarization exercise followed by two random exercise trials with either a PHS or a control (CON). Then, participants crossed over to the second arm for: NOR+PHS, NOR+CON, HYP+PHS, or HYP+CON. The PHS was prescribed according to the participants’ fluid and sweat sodium losses. CON drank ad libitum of commercially-available electrolyte solution. Exercise trials consisted of two phases: (1) 45 min constant workload; (2) high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) until exhaustion. Fluids were only provided in phase 1. PHS had a significantly greater fluid intake (HYP+PHS: 831.7 ± 166.4 g; NOR+PHS: 734.2 ± 144.9 g) compared to CON (HYP+CON: 369.8 ± 221.7 g; NOR+CON: 272.3 ± 143.0 g), regardless of environmental conditions (
p < 0.001). HYP+CON produced the lowest sweat sodium concentration (56.2 ± 9.0 mmol/L) compared to other trials (
p < 0.001). HYP+PHS had a slower elevated thirst perception and a longer HIIT (765 ± 452 s) compared to HYP+CON (548 ± 283 s,
p = 0.04). Thus, PHS reinforces fluid intake and successfully optimizes hydration status, regardless of environmental conditions. PHS may be or is an important factor in preventing negative physiological consequences during high-intensity exercise in the heat.
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Open AccessArticle
Post-Exercise Rehydration in Athletes: Effects of Sodium and Carbohydrate in Commercial Hydration Beverages
by
Nhu Q. Ly, Karrie L. Hamstra-Wright and Craig A. Horswill
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 8336
Abstract
The effects of varying sodium (Na) and carbohydrate (CHO) in oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and sports drinks (SD) for rehydration following exercise are unclear. We compared an ORS and SD for the percent of fluid retained (%FR) following exercise-induced dehydration and hypothesized a
[...] Read more.
The effects of varying sodium (Na) and carbohydrate (CHO) in oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and sports drinks (SD) for rehydration following exercise are unclear. We compared an ORS and SD for the percent of fluid retained (%FR) following exercise-induced dehydration and hypothesized a more complete rehydration for the ORS (45 mmol Na/L and 2.5% CHO) and that the %FR for the ORS and SD (18 mmol Na/L and 6% CHO) would exceed the water placebo (W). A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. To induce 2.6% body mass loss (BML,
p > 0.05 between treatments), 26 athletes performed three 90 min interval training sessions without drinking fluids. Post-exercise, participants replaced 100% of BML and were observed for 3.5 h for the %FR. Mean ± SD for the %FR at 3.5 h was 58.1 ± 12.6% (W), 73.9 ± 10.9% (SD), and 76.9 ± 8.0% (ORS). The %FR for the ORS and SD were similar and greater than the W (
p < 0.05 ANOVA and Tukey HSD). Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction with the ORS having greater suppression of urine production in the first 60 min vs. W (SD did not differ from W). By 3.5 h, the ORS and SD promoted greater rehydration than did W, but the pattern of rehydration early in recovery favored the ORS.
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Open AccessArticle
Fluid Balance, Sodium Losses and Hydration Practices of Elite Squash Players during Training
by
Ollie Turner, Nigel Mitchell, Alan Ruddock, Alison Purvis and Mayur K. Ranchordas
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3221
Abstract
Elite squash players are reported to train indoors at high volumes and intensities throughout a microcycle. This may increase hydration demands, with hypohydration potentially impairing many key performance indicators which characterise elite squash performance. Consequently, the main aim of this study was to
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Elite squash players are reported to train indoors at high volumes and intensities throughout a microcycle. This may increase hydration demands, with hypohydration potentially impairing many key performance indicators which characterise elite squash performance. Consequently, the main aim of this study was to quantify the sweat rates and sweat [Na
+] of elite squash players throughout a training session, alongside their hydration practices. Fourteen (males = seven; females = seven) elite or world class squash player’s fluid balance, sweat [Na
+] and hydration practices were calculated throughout a training session in moderate environmental conditions (20 ± 0.4 °C; 40.6 ± 1% RH). Rehydration practices were also quantified post-session until the players’ next training session, with some training the same day and some training the following day. Players had a mean fluid balance of −1.22 ± 1.22% throughout the session. Players had a mean sweat rate of 1.11 ± 0.56 L·h
−1, with there being a significant difference between male and female players (
p < 0.05), and a mean sweat (Na+) of 46 ± 12 mmol·L
−1. Players training the following day were able to replace fluid and sodium losses, whereas players training again on the same day were not. These data suggest the variability in players hydration demands and highlight the need to individualise hydration strategies, as well as training prescription, to ensure players with high hydration demands have ample time to optimally rehydrate.
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