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Nutrients
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Dietary Fatty Acids and Metabolic Health
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Dietary Fatty Acids and Metabolic Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 April 2025 | Viewed by 1283

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eva Szabo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
Interests: fatty acids; perinatal life; human milk; pregnancy; type 1 diabetes mellitus; lipids; nutrition; paediatrics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fatty acid composition of a diet can influence the fatty acid supply, therefore affecting metabolic health. The prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. The underlying causes may include changes in diet and the resulting shift in fatty acid intake. Altered fatty acid supply has been shown to be the cause of diverse metabolic diseases, and the fatty acid composition of a diet may also affect the development of certain diseases.

This Special Issue will focus on the association between dietary fatty acid intake and metabolic health. This association involves fatty acid-related exposures and interventions such as dietary fatty acid composition, fatty acid supplementation, calculated fatty acid intake and diets rich in one specific group of fatty acids (e.g., high n-3 LCPUFA, high MUFA), as well as outcomes such as metabolic diseases (like obesity, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome), metabolic health indicators (e.g., measures of insulin sensitivity) and optimal vs. suboptimal blood lipid levels.

Dr. Eva Szabo
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • food
  • essential fatty acids
  • linoleic acid
  • alpha-linolenic acid
  • eicosapentaenoic acid
  • docosahexaenoic acid
  • blood lipids
  • dyslipidaemia
  • metabolic syndrome
  • obesity
  • atherosclerosis
  • diabetes mellitus

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2040 KiB  
Article
Lipidomic Signature of Healthy Diet Adherence and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk in American Adults
by Loni Berkowitz, Guadalupe Echeverría, Cristian Salazar, Cristian Faúndez, Christopher L. Coe, Carol Ryff and Attilio Rigotti
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 3995; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16233995 - 22 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify the blood lipidomic profile associated with a healthy eating pattern in a middle-aged US population sample and to determine its relationship with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methodology: Self-reported information about diet and [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to identify the blood lipidomic profile associated with a healthy eating pattern in a middle-aged US population sample and to determine its relationship with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methodology: Self-reported information about diet and blood samples were obtained from 2114 adult participants in the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS). Food intake data were used to design a Healthy Diet Index (MIDUS-HEI) and to evaluate the predictive value by examining its association with health variables. The associated lipid signature (HEI-LS) was constructed using Lasso regression, from lipidomic data (LC/MS). Associations between HEI-LS, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and estimated CVR were assessed using multiple linear regression. Results: MIDUS-HEI score was a robust indicator of dietary quality and inversely associated with body mass index (p < 0.001) and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.012). A lipidomic signature comprising 57 distinct lipid species was highly correlated with the MIDUS-HEI score (r = 0.39, p < 10⁻16). It was characterized by lower levels of saturated fatty acid and adrenic acid (n-6) and higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (n-3). Healthier HEI-LS scores were strongly associated with better cardiometabolic indicators and lower estimated CVR (OR 0.89 CI 95% 0.87–0.91). Conclusions: The MIDUS-HEI effectively assessed dietary quality, confirming the link between poor diet quality and metabolic disorders in American population. Lipidomic profiling offered an objective assessment of dietary patterns and provided insights into the relationship between diet quality, metabolic responses, and CVR. This approach supports precision nutrition strategies for at-risk populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Fatty Acids and Metabolic Health)
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16 pages, 3537 KiB  
Article
Impact of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on the Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism of Rats Fed a High-Fructose/High-Fat Diet
by Zhihao Zhao, Lihuang Zhong, Pengfei Zhou, Yuanyuan Deng, Guang Liu, Ping Li, Jiarui Zeng, Yan Zhang, Xiaojun Tang and Mingwei Zhang
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213774 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 729
Abstract
Background/Objectives: An inappropriate intake of dietary fats can disrupt the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, affect the host’s metabolic status, and increase the risk of chronic diseases. The impact of dietary fat types on the composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: An inappropriate intake of dietary fats can disrupt the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, affect the host’s metabolic status, and increase the risk of chronic diseases. The impact of dietary fat types on the composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota has become a research focus over recent years. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of regular peanut oil (PO) and high-oleic-acid peanut oil (HOPO) on the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. Methods: A dietary intervention test was conducted on SD rats fed a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet. The composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota of the experimental rats were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolomics. Results: Compared with saturated fat, PO and HOPO enhanced the diversity of intestinal microbiota in HFF diet-fed rats. Compared with PO, HOPO significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Harryflintia (p < 0.05), which are able to generate butyrate and acetate. Compared with saturated fat, 318 and 271 fecal biomarkers were identified in PO and HOPO groups, respectively. In contrast, 68 fecal biomarkers were identified between the PO and HOPO groups. The inhibition of harmful proteolytic fermentation in the colon may represent the main regulatory mechanism. With regard to metabolic status, HOPO provided better control of body weight and insulin sensitivity than PO. Conclusions: Compared with saturated fat, peanut oils better regulated the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, HOPO exhibited better regulatory effects than PO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Fatty Acids and Metabolic Health)
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