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Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health
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Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 November 2024) | Viewed by 6004

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Man Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Interests: Mg homeostasis in cardiac diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF; Mg transporter TRPM7; Mg homeostasis in diabetic cardiomyopathy; arrhythmias; metabolic regulation of cardiac ion channels; the unfolded response regulation of cardiac ion channels
Dr. Samuel Dudley

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Interests: diastolic heart failure; arrhythmias; inflammation; oxidative stress; ion channel biology and regulation; mitochondrial function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation, magnesium (Mg) is essential for cell functions, such as ATP production, protein/DNA synthesis, protein activity, and mitochondrial function. Mg plays critical roles in heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and blood pressure. A significant decline in Mg intake has been reported in developed countries because of the increased consumption of processed food and filtered/deionized water, which can lead to hypomagnesemia (HypoMg). HypoMg is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and is commonly observed in cardiovascular diseases (CVD, such as heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, and diabetic cardiomyopathy). On the other hand, Mg supplementation has shown significant therapeutic effects in these conditions. Nevertheless, compared to Ca2+, Mg homeostasis and transporters are much less investigated. Cardiac Mg homeostasis is regulated and maintained by a series of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial transporters such as TRPM7, SLC41A1, MagT1, and CNNM2 on the sarcolemmal membrane and MRS2 and SLC41A3 on the mitochondrial membranes.  HypoMg has been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress for decades, both of which contribute to human health. Understanding how Mg and its transporters are regulated in human health can help develop easily translated therapy with Mg supplementation and new therapeutic strategies targeting Mg transporters.

Dr. Man Liu
Dr. Samuel Dudley
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • heart failure
  • arrhythmias
  • hypertension
  • diabetic cardiomyopathy
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • mitochondria
  • metabolic dysregulation
  • human health
  • Mg supplementation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 744 KiB  
Article
Serum Magnesium Is Associated with Long-Term Survival of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
by Amitai Segev, Michael Shechter, Avishai M. Tsur, David Belkin, Hofit Cohen, Amir Sharon, Nira Koren Morag, Ehud Grossman and Elad Maor
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4299; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194299 - 9 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1910
Abstract
Background: Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to [...] Read more.
Background: Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a single tertiary center with a primary diagnosis of NSTEMI. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease were excluded. Clinical data were collected and compared between lower sMg quartile patients (Q1; sMg < 1.9 mg/dL) and all other patients (Q2–Q4; sMg ≥ 1.9 mg/dL). Results: The study cohort included 4552 patients (70% male, median age 69 [IQR 59–79]) who were followed for a median of 4.4 (IQR 2.4–6.6) years. The median sMg level in the low sMg group was 1.7 (1.6–1.8) and 2.0 (2.0–2.2) mg/dL in the normal/high sMg group. The low sMg group was older (mean of 72 vs. 67 years), less likely to be male (64% vs. 72%), and had higher rates of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation (59% vs. 29%, 92% vs. 85%, and 6% vs. 5%; p < 0.05 for all). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher cumulative death probability at 4 years in the low sMg group (34% vs. 22%; p log rank <0.001). In a multivariable analysis model adjusted for sex, significant comorbidities, coronary interventions during the hospitalization, and renal function, the low sMg group exhibited an independent 24% increased risk of death during follow up (95% CI 1.11–1.39; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low sMg is independently associated with higher risk of long-term mortality among patients recovering from an NSTEMI event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health)
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Review

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16 pages, 11002 KiB  
Review
Influence of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on the Subjective Postoperative Quality of Recovery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Kuo-Chuan Hung, Li-Chen Chang, Chun-Ning Ho, Chih-Wei Hsu, Jheng-Yan Wu, Yao-Tsung Lin and I-Wen Chen
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2375; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142375 - 22 Jul 2024
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Abstract
This meta-analysis investigated the effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate on the postoperative recovery quality, as assessed using the Quality of Recovery (QoR) questionnaire, in adult surgical patients. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 622 patients were included. Compared with the placebo, magnesium sulfate significantly [...] Read more.
This meta-analysis investigated the effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate on the postoperative recovery quality, as assessed using the Quality of Recovery (QoR) questionnaire, in adult surgical patients. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 622 patients were included. Compared with the placebo, magnesium sulfate significantly improved the global QoR score on postoperative day 1 (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 0.70—1.78; p < 0.00001). It also enhanced specific QoR dimensions, with substantial effects on pain (SMD: 1, p < 0.00001) and physical comfort (SMD: 0.85, p < 0.0001), a moderate effect on emotional state (SMD: 0.65, p = 0.002), and small improvements in physical independence (SMD: 0.43, p < 0.00001) and psychological support (SMD: 0.37, p < 0.0001). In addition, magnesium sulfate reduced the intraoperative opioid consumption (SMD: −0.66, p < 0.0001), postoperative pain severity, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio: 0.48, p = 0.008). The extubation times were unaffected, whereas the post-anesthesia care unit stay was slightly prolonged. These findings highlight the potential of magnesium sulfate as a valuable adjunct for multimodal analgesia and enhanced recovery. Future studies should aim to elucidate the optimal dosing strategies, timing of administration, and specific surgical populations that may derive maximum benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health)
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Other

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10 pages, 310 KiB  
Opinion
Beyond Ion Homeostasis: Hypomagnesemia, Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Channel 7, Mitochondrial Function, and Inflammation
by Man Liu and Samuel C. Dudley, Jr.
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3920; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183920 - 9 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1959
Abstract
As the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation, magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for cell functions, such as ATP production, protein/DNA synthesis, protein activity, and mitochondrial function. Mg2+ plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and blood pressure. A [...] Read more.
As the second most abundant intracellular divalent cation, magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for cell functions, such as ATP production, protein/DNA synthesis, protein activity, and mitochondrial function. Mg2+ plays a critical role in heart rhythm, muscle contraction, and blood pressure. A significant decline in Mg2+ intake has been reported in developed countries because of the increased consumption of processed food and filtered/deionized water, which can lead to hypomagnesemia (HypoMg). HypoMg is commonly observed in cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and HypoMg is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. On the other hand, Mg2+ supplementation has shown significant therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases. Some of the effects of HypoMg have been ascribed to changes in Mg2+ participation in enzyme activity, ATP stabilization, enzyme kinetics, and alterations in Ca2+, Na+, and other cations. In this manuscript, we discuss new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of HypoMg that surpass previously described effects. HypoMg causes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Many of these effects can be attributed to the HypoMg-induced upregulation of a Mg2+ transporter transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channel (TRMP7) that is also a kinase. An increase in kinase signaling mediated by HypoMg-induced TRPM7 transcriptional upregulation, independently of any change in Mg2+ transport function, likely seems responsible for many of the effects of HypoMg. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation and TRPM7 kinase inhibition may work to treat the sequelae of HypoMg by preventing increased TRPM7 kinase activity rather than just altering ion homeostasis. Since many diseases are characterized by oxidative stress or inflammation, Mg2+ supplementation and TRPM7 kinase inhibition may have wider implications for other diseases by acting to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health)
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