Nutritional Management in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Digestive tract diseases frequently lead to states of malnutrition due to various causes. These include swallowing disorders (e.g., neurodegenerative disease or achalasia), a set of disorders leading to states of malassimilation of nutrients (maldigestion and/or malabsorption), protein-losing enteropathy (e.g., Menetrier's disease, lymphangiectasia, or fistulas), or others that, in addition to compromising nutrient supply, lead to increased metabolic demands due to severe inflammation (e.g., severe caustic esophagitis, severe acute pancreatitis, or inflammatory bowel disease). Liver diseases, especially steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction or liver disease caused by harmful use of alcohol, constitute an important chapter, as do the consequences of surgery performed on the upper (e.g., Dumping syndrome) and lower digestive tracts (e.g., water losses and electrolytes through ostomies or short bowel syndrome). Bariatric surgery itself or extensive bowel resections lead to states of malnutrition that are challenging for the clinician and must be managed by interdisciplinary teams. Neglecting the nutritional status of our patients can have a very negative impact on outcomes while increasing healthcare costs. In contrast, careful and diligent attention to patients' nutritional needs will positively impact clinical outcomes. The major aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the nutritional burden of digestive diseases and how to approach their management with the involvement of gastroenterologists, hepatologists, nurses, dietitians, and experts in intensive care medicine, as appropriate.

Contents:

Nutritional Principles and Assessment of Gastrointestinal Patients

• Physiologic impairments caused by protein–energy malnutrition.
• Nutritional assessment techniques.
• Nutritional support for hospitalized patients: basic principles.

Nutritional Management in Specific Disease States

• Nutritional support in diseases that impair swallowing mechanisms.
• Nutritional management of patients with severe esophagitis by caustics.
• Nutritional support in diseases that cause malassimilation of nutrients due to maldigestion or malabsorption.
• Nutritional management of patients with protein-losing enteropathy.
• Nutritional management of local and systemic complications of inflammatory bowel disease.
• Water, electrolyte, and nutritional management of severe inflammatory states associated with necrotizing pancreatitis.
• How to manage exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
• Management of severe diarrhea associated with fistulas and ostomies.
• Nutritional management of patients undergoing radiation therapy.
• Modern approach to steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MASDL).
• Management of nutritional complications of alcohol-induced liver disease.
• Nutritional approach to patients hospitalized with decompensated alcoholic liver disease.

Comprehensive Approach to the Nutritional Sequelae of Digestive Tract Surgery

• Perioperative nutritional management in patients with major abdominal surgery.
• How to manage nutritional complications from upper gastrointestinal tract surgery.
• Bariatric surgery: indications, complications, and postoperative nutritional approach.
• Modern approach to nutritional complications after lower digestive tract surgery.
• Comprehensive approach to short bowel syndrome.

Intervention of the Dietitian as a Support for Digestive Diseases Treated on an Outpatient Basis

• Nutritional and holistic approach to patients with eating disorders.
• Clinical and dietary management of obesity.
• Dietary intervention in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.
• Dietary intervention in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
• Dietary intervention in functional dyspepsia
• Dietary intervention in gastroparesis
• Dietary intervention in Dumping syndrome.
• Counseling and monitoring of the diet in patients with celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders.
• Dietary intervention in patients with malabsorption and/or intolerance to simple sugars.
• Dietary and nutritional advice for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
• Dietary intervention in diverticular disease.
• Dietary and nutritional counseling in patients with benign anorectal pathology.
• Dietary patterns and dysbiosis in "modern" Western society.

Prof. Dr. Miguel Montoro
Guest Editor

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• digestive tract diseases
• diarrhea
• inflammatory bowel disease
• short bowel syndrome
• celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders
• steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction
• malnutrition
• nutritional support
• nutritional management