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Nutrients
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Dietary Patterns, Dietary Behaviour in Children and Adolescents
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Dietary Patterns, Dietary Behaviour in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 12318

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Luis A. Moreno

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: pediatric nutrition; childhood obesity; body composition; nutritional status; nutritional epidemiology; lifestyle behaviors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary behaviours develop from early stages of life. Dietary patterns start to be established during childhood. Early interventions should be able to positively influence the development of healthy dietary patterns. In order to design intervention programs, the first step is to know which are the main determinants of dietary behaviours and dietary patterns in children and adolescents. Several strategies have been proposed to deal with optimal behaviours development. Of recent interest are the support of food literacy in families and co-creation strategies to improve energy balance related behaviours. All the previously mentioned topics will be covered in the present special issue.

Prof. Dr. Luis A. Moreno
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • eating behaviours
  • dietary patterns
  • child
  • obesity
  • food literacy
  • co-creation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Convenience Food Options and Adequacy of Nutrient Intake among School Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Nihaal Rahman, Kazue Ishitsuka, Aurélie Piedvache, Hisako Tanaka, Nobuko Murayama and Naho Morisaki
Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030630 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4523
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in the family food environment, resulting in more families relying on convenience food options. This study aimed to investigate diet quality by convenience food options (namely instant, frozen, and take-out foods) among Japanese school children during the [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in the family food environment, resulting in more families relying on convenience food options. This study aimed to investigate diet quality by convenience food options (namely instant, frozen, and take-out foods) among Japanese school children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the relationship between the frequency of consumption of convenience food options and nutritional status of the school children. The participants (671 children, 10–14 years old) were chosen to form a nationally representative sample of the Japanese population. Using questionnaires completed by the participants’ guardians, information was collected on the frequency of instant, frozen, and take-out food consumption. Habitual food and nutrient intake were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire, completed by the children with help from their guardian(s). “Frequent” consumption was defined as consumption of instant, frozen, and/or take-out foods on more than 5 days per week. Using 19 nutrients and their respective dietary reference intake (DRI) values, an index was created to label each child’s nutrient intake as “Adequate”, “Inadequate”, “Excess”, or “Deficient.” Compared to children with non-frequent consumption, school children with frequent instant food consumption had significantly higher rates of inadequate nutrient intake (risk ratio (RR) = 3.0 [95% CI: 1.6–5.6]) and excess nutrient intake (RR = 2.3 [95% CI: 1.3–4.2]), while school children with frequent take-out food consumption had significantly higher rates of inadequate nutrient intake (RR = 2.1 [95% CI: 1.3–3.3]). There were no significant differences for children with frequent frozen-food intake. These associations did not change when adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Our results suggest that the frequent consumption of instant or take-out foods among school children results in non-adequate nutritional intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Behaviour in Children and Adolescents)
15 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project
by Milena Miranda de Moraes, Bruno Oliveira, Cláudia Afonso, Cristina Santos, Duarte Torres, Carla Lopes, Renata Costa de Miranda, Fernanda Rauber, Luiza Antoniazzi, Renata Bertazzi Levy and Sara Rodrigues
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3851; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113851 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3177
Abstract
Considering the nature, extent, and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with sociodemographic factors and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity [...] Read more.
Considering the nature, extent, and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with sociodemographic factors and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015–2016) of the Portuguese population. Dietary intake was obtained from two non-consecutive days and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. The proportion (in grams) of foods in the total daily diet was considered to identify DPs by latent class analysis, with age and sex as concomitant variables. Associations of DPs with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Linear regressions adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics tested associations of DPs with diet quality. DPs identified were: “Unhealthy” (higher sugar-sweetened beverages, industrial breads, and sausages intake), “Traditional” (higher vegetables, fish, olive oil, breads, ultra-processed yogurts, and sausages intake), and “Dairy” (higher intake of milk, yogurt, and milk-based beverages). “Unhealthy” was associated with older ages and lower intake of dietary fibre and vitamins and the highest free sugars and ultra-processed foods (UPF), although all DPs presented significant consumption of UPF. These findings should be considered for the design of food-based interventions and school-feeding policies in Portugal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Behaviour in Children and Adolescents)
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16 pages, 939 KiB  
Article
Development of a Food-Based Diet Quality Scale for Brazilian Schoolchildren Using Item Response Theory
by Simone de C. Giacomelli, Maria Alice A. de Assis, Dalton F. de Andrade, Jeovani Schmitt, Patrícia de F. Hinnig, Adriano F. Borgatto, Raquel Engel, Francilene G. K. Vieira, Giovanna M. R. Fiates and Patricia F. Di Pietro
Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3175; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093175 - 12 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3201
Abstract
Item response theory (IRT) is a psychometric method that provides probabilistic model-based measurements. Its use is relatively recent in the assessment of food consumption, especially through dietary assessment tools. This study aims (1) to develop a food-based diet quality scale for Brazilian schoolchildren [...] Read more.
Item response theory (IRT) is a psychometric method that provides probabilistic model-based measurements. Its use is relatively recent in the assessment of food consumption, especially through dietary assessment tools. This study aims (1) to develop a food-based diet quality scale for Brazilian schoolchildren using IRT, and (2) to apply the scale to a representative sample of schoolchildren from a Southern Brazilian city. The scale was developed with daily consumption frequency of foods from 835 students who completed the Food Intake and Physical Activity of Schoolchildren questionnaire. Questionnaire foods were grouped into 10 items according to their nutritional similarities and were evaluated by full-information factor analysis that indicated a dominant factor explaining 28% of the variance. Psychometric item analysis was performed using Samejima’s model. The scale covered all levels of diet quality, from “very poor” (scores < 95) to “very good” (scores ≥ 130). Children who had higher diet quality scores consumed beans, meat, fish, eggs, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and water more frequently, while reducing the consumption of ultraprocessed sugary foods, ultraprocessed savoury snacks and sausages, and sugary drinks. Of 6323 children, an average of less than 10% consumed the highest diet quality scores (good or very good diet quality) and about 60% of children consumed low diet quality scores. The scale can be applied to other schoolchildren with the same measure precision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Behaviour in Children and Adolescents)
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