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Nutrients
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Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging
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Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 14569

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jeannette M. Beasley

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Food Studies and Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Interests: aging; health disparities; woman's health; diet quality; dietary proteins; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jessica Bihuniak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Interests: dietary protein; amino acids; skeletal health; mediterranean-style diet

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optimal nutrition is crucial for the health and wellbeing of older adults. Prior studies have examined the role of dietary patterns defined by adherence to a particular diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), “healthy” or “prudent” versus “unhealthy” or “Western” patterns, and new patterns based on foods known to promote healthy aging and/or cognition, including MIND (Mediterranean–DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay). Determining optimal nutrition for different stages of pregnancy and measuring nutrient intake is challenging. Across the world and within individual communities, dietary patterns have been identified and linked to various health outcomes. These patterns, rather than individual food constituents and nutrients, may have a greater influence on health. This Special Issue seeks to bring together international research on dietary patterns and nutrient intake among older adults to further our understanding of the influence of diet on aging-related outcomes.

Dr. Jeannette M. Beasley
Dr. Jessica Bihuniak
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • aging
  • dietary patterns
  • older adults
  • age-related disease
  • physical health
  • cognition
  • quality of life
  • global aging

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 397 KiB  
Article
Implementing a Diet Risk Score (DRS) for Spanish-Speaking Adults in a Clinical Setting: A Feasibility Study
by Emily A. Johnston, Maria Torres, John Hansen, Kimberly Ochoa, Daniel Mortenson, Elaine De Leon and Jeannette M. Beasley
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2992; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172992 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1327
Abstract
Tools to briefly assess diet among US Spanish-speaking adults are needed to identify individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease (CMD) related to diet. Two registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) recruited bilingual medical students to translate the validated Diet Risk Score (DRS) into Spanish (DRS-S). [...] Read more.
Tools to briefly assess diet among US Spanish-speaking adults are needed to identify individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease (CMD) related to diet. Two registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) recruited bilingual medical students to translate the validated Diet Risk Score (DRS) into Spanish (DRS-S). Participants were recruited from a federally qualified health center. Students administered the DRS-S and one 24-h recall (Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24®) Dietary Assessment Tool) on one day; a second recall was administered within 1 week. Recalls were scored using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, a measure of adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Spearman correlations, weighted kappa, and ANOVA were conducted using SAS 9.4 to assess the relative validity of the DRS-S. Thirty-one Spanish-speaking adults (female: n = 17, 53%; mean age: 58 (42–69)) completed assessments. The mean DRS-S was 9 (SD = 4.2) (max: 27; higher score = higher risk) and the mean HEI-2015 score was 65.7 (SD = 9.7) (max: 100; higher score = lower risk), with significant agreement between measures (r: −0.45 (p = 0.01)), weighted kappa: −0.3 (p = 0.03). The DRS-S can be used in resource-constrained settings to assess diet for intervention and referral to RDNs. The DRS-S should be tested in clinical care to assess the impact of dietary changes to reduce CMD risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging)
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12 pages, 711 KiB  
Article
Concordance between Dash Diet and Hypertension: Results from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
by Bridget Murphy Hussain, Andrea L. Deierlein, Alka M. Kanaya, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Joyce A. O’Connor, Meghana D. Gadgil, Yong Lin and Niyati Parekh
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3611; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163611 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2253
Abstract
High blood pressure is an important predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly among South Asians, who are at higher risk for ASCVD when compared to other population groups. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern is established as the best [...] Read more.
High blood pressure is an important predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly among South Asians, who are at higher risk for ASCVD when compared to other population groups. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern is established as the best proven nonpharmacological approach to preventing hypertension in adults. Using data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort, we calculated a DASH dietary score to examine the association between adherence to the DASH diet and its components, and prevalent and incident hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, after five years of follow-up. We found that the relative risk ratio (RRR) of incident hypertension was 67% lower among participants in the highest DASH diet score category (aRRR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.82; ptrend = 0.02) compared with those in the lowest DASH diet score category in fully adjusted models. These findings are consistent with previous clinical trials and large prospective cohort studies, adding to evidence that supports the diet-disease relationship established between DASH diet and hypertension. This study is the first to examine DASH diet adherence and hypertension among South Asian adults in the U.S. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging)
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12 pages, 648 KiB  
Article
MetS Prevalence and Its Association with Dietary Patterns among Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Study
by Pengkun Song, Xiaona Zhang, Yuqian Li, Qingqing Man, Shanshan Jia, Jian Zhang and Gangqiang Ding
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245301 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2486
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increased dramatically over the past years among adults in a separate province in China; little is known about newly diagnosed MetS in middle-aged and above residents nationwide. We investigated the prevalence of MetS and its components, the [...] Read more.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increased dramatically over the past years among adults in a separate province in China; little is known about newly diagnosed MetS in middle-aged and above residents nationwide. We investigated the prevalence of MetS and its components, the dietary patterns, and their relationship among the middle-aged and above population of China by using data from a national cross-sectional survey. General information involving lifestyles and health stations was collected, and dietary intake using a 3-day 24 h dietary recall and weighing method for edible oil and condiments was conducted. Height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and fasting serum lipids and glucose were tested by trained clinical staff. Dietary patterns were derived from 23 food categories by using cluster analysis, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odd ratio of MetS and its component across obtained dietary patterns. The estimated prevalence of MetS was 37.1% among 40,909 middle-aged and older participants in the study. Participants were classified into diversity pattern, northern pattern, and southern pattern that, respectively, accounted for 9.8%, 47.2%, and 43.0% of the total. Compared with those inclined to the northern pattern, participants prone to the southern pattern decreased the risk of MetS (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.75- 0.87; p < 0.001), central obesity (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.65–0.76; p < 0.001), and HDL-C (OR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.76–0.89; p < 0.001), and elevated BP (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.79–0.93; p < 0.001) respectively. However, participants of the southern pattern tended to have a higher risk of elevated glucose; the OR (95%CI) was 1.13 (1.05, 1.22; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Greater adherence to diverse dietary patterns was negatively related to the risk of central obesity and elevated blood pressure with an OR (95%CI) of 0.82 (0.71, 0.94; p = 0.005) and 0.77 (0.67, 0.88; p < 0.001), respectively. We concluded that dietary improvement and health promotion for MetS should be based on the district-specific nutritional status of the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging)
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12 pages, 1051 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Nighttime Snacking on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Evidence from Observational and Experimental Studies
by Cheng-Cheng Niu, Wei-Jie Bao, Hai-Xin Jiang and Jing Yu
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4900; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224900 - 19 Nov 2022
Viewed by 2228
Abstract
Evidence shows that supplementary snacking could provide older adults with nutrients that cannot be obtained through three meals a day. However, whether and how supplementary snacking, especially nighttime snacking, affects older adults’ cognitive function remain unclear. The present study examined the effect of [...] Read more.
Evidence shows that supplementary snacking could provide older adults with nutrients that cannot be obtained through three meals a day. However, whether and how supplementary snacking, especially nighttime snacking, affects older adults’ cognitive function remain unclear. The present study examined the effect of nighttime snacking on cognitive function for older adults. In study 1, we investigated the association between nighttime snacking and cognitive function based on data from 2618 community-dwelling older adults from the China health and nutrition survey (CHNS). In study 2, we conducted an experiment (n = 50) to explore how nighttime acute energy intake influences older adults’ performance on cognitive tasks (immediate recall, short-term delayed recall, and long-term delayed recall). Both the observational and experimental studies suggested that nighttime snacking facilitated older adults’ cognitive abilities, such as memory and mathematical ability, as indicated by subjective measures (study 1) and objective measures (studies 1 and 2). Moreover, this beneficial effect was moderated by cognitive load. These findings bridge the gap in the literature on the relationships between older adults’ nighttime snacking and cognitive function, providing insight into how to improve older adults’ dietary behaviors and cognitive function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging)
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11 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Age-Specific Differences in Online Grocery Shopping Behaviors and Attitudes among Adults with Low Income in the United States in 2021
by Pasquale E. Rummo, Christina A. Roberto, Lorna E. Thorpe, Andrea B. Troxel and Brian Elbel
Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4427; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204427 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2241
Abstract
Background: Online grocery shopping has surged in popularity, but we know little about online grocery shopping behaviors and attitudes of adults with low income, including differences by age. Methods: From October to November 2021, we used a survey research firm to recruit a [...] Read more.
Background: Online grocery shopping has surged in popularity, but we know little about online grocery shopping behaviors and attitudes of adults with low income, including differences by age. Methods: From October to November 2021, we used a survey research firm to recruit a convenience sample of adults who have ever received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits (n = 3526). Participants completed an online survey designed to assess diet and online food shopping behaviors. Using logistic regression, we examined the relationship between participant characteristics, including age, and the likelihood of online grocery shopping, and separately examined variation in the reasons for online grocery shopping by age. Results: About 54% of the participants reported shopping online for groceries in the previous 12 months. Odds of online shopping were higher for those aged 18–33 years (OR = 1.95 (95% CI: 1.52, 2.52; p < 0.001)) and 34–44 years (OR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.90; p < 0.001)) than for those aged ≥65 years. Odds were also higher for those who were food insecure and those with income below USD 20,000, higher educational attainment, and higher fruit and vegetable intake. Low prices were the most popular reason for online grocery shopping (57%). Adults aged 18–33 years old had higher odds of reporting low prices as a motivating factor than older adults (OR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.78, 3.08; p < 0.001)) and lower odds of reporting being discouraged by lack of social interaction (OR = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.45; p < 0.001)). Conclusion: Strategies for making online grocery shopping more affordable for adults with lower income may be promising, especially online produce. For older adults, additional support may be needed to make online shopping a suitable replacement for in-store shopping, such as education on technology and combining it with opportunities for social support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging)
21 pages, 3250 KiB  
Article
Healthy Eating Enhances Intrinsic Capacity, Thus Promoting Functional Ability of Retirement Home Residents in Northern Taiwan
by Kian-Yuan Lim, Hui-Chen Lo, In-Fai Cheong, Yi-Yen Wang, Zi-Rong Jian, I-Chen Chen, Yun-Chun Chan, Shyh-Dye Lee, Chi-Chun Chou and Feili Lo Yang
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2225; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112225 - 26 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2975
Abstract
Healthy aging is defined as the process of developing and maintaining functional ability in older age with intrinsic capacity, the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual, being the core. This study was conducted to explore the intervention effects [...] Read more.
Healthy aging is defined as the process of developing and maintaining functional ability in older age with intrinsic capacity, the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual, being the core. This study was conducted to explore the intervention effects of improved dietary quality on intrinsic capacity. A prospective single-group interventional quasi-experimental study with 59 functional independent older adults from retirement homes were recruited. Texture-modified plant-based dietary supplements were provided. In addition, dietary intake, functional ability, and intrinsic capacity in vitality, locomotion, cognition, and psychological capacity were assessed. Vitality was captured by nutritional status, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Locomotor capacity was assessed based on the performance of physical fitness in backscratch test, chair-sit-and-reach test, chair-stand test, one-foot-standing test, and gaits peed. Psychomotor capacity and cognition were measured by using 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. In a 4-month of intervention, after controlling for baseline values and covariates, participants with higher dietary intervention adherence showed a significant improvement over time in vitality captured by cardiorespiratory endurance (Pinteraction = 0.009) and significant improvement in locomotion captured by gait speed (Pclusters = 0.034). A significant decrease in the chair-stand test (Ptime = <0.001) and MMSE (Ptime = 0.022) was observed during the four months of intervention. Enhanced intrinsic capacity further contributed to the improvement of ADL over time (Pinteraction = 0.034). In conclusion, healthy eating enhances intrinsic capacity in vitality and locomotion thus promoting functional ability among older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging)
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