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Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 July 2024) | Viewed by 6695

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Daniela Bonofiglio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
Interests: natural compounds; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; PPAR gamma; breast cancer; Mediterranean diet; iodine deficiency
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Growing evidence suggests that Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) are protective against a wide spectrum of metabolic and chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. It has been largely documented that Western-style dietary patterns, characterised by high intakes of added sugars, salt, processed meats, and unhealthy fats, have been shown to increase pro-inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative status, while plant-based diets rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and olive oil (these are characteristic of the MD pattern) have been shown to have beneficial effects in the prevention of chronic diseases. Therefore, the adoption of healthy lifestyles which include MD and PA represents a priority strategy to counteract the burden of these pathologies. However, to dissect the mechanisms by which specific compounds from MD and PA interventions can counteract the occurrence of chronic diseases and promote healthier life, further studies are needed.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, “Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle”, welcomes research that investigates the impacts of multiple pathways specifically activated and stimulated by compounds from MD as well as by PA on human health. We also encourage authors to submit their original research papers or reviews related to the theme of this Special Issue. 

Prof. Dr. Daniela Bonofiglio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Mediterranean diet
  • physical activity
  • healthy lifestyle
  • chronic degenerative diseases
  • bioactive compounds
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 599 KiB  
Article
Sex-Specific Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obese Individuals
by Laura Di Renzo, Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Frank, Rossella Cianci, Glauco Raffaelli, Daniele Peluso, Giulia Bigioni and Antonino De Lorenzo
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3076; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183076 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 928
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has long been associated with several health benefits, including a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The MedDiet is characterized by a high consumption of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive [...] Read more.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has long been associated with several health benefits, including a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The MedDiet is characterized by a high consumption of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil, along with a moderate intake of red meat and red wine with meals. Some studies report significant differences between men and women in susceptibility to obesity, with women at a higher prevalence of obesity than men. One unexplored aspect, however, concerns the sex difference in MedDiet adherence, which could be influenced by various factors, such as health perceptions, food preferences, and cultural influences. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and impact of MedDiet adherence in men and women, with a focus on its influence on health and well-being, as well as its ability to promote sex equity in healthcare outcomes. Moreover, we aim to measure the overall health improvements in men and women participating in a MedDiet program, including changes in body composition and overall quality of life. This study highlights that the MedDiet is associated with more significant body weight loss in women, although their increase in MedDiet adherence was lower than in men. Trial registration: NCT01890070. Registered 24 June 2013. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle)
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12 pages, 2257 KiB  
Article
Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Disturbances Are Associated with Migraine Chronification and Disability among an Adult Population in the Lazio Region, Italy
by Roberta Bovenzi, Annalisa Noce, Matteo Conti, Manuela Di Lauro, Barbara Chiaramonte, David Della Morte, Alessandro Stefani, Antonino De Lorenzo, Nicola Biagio Mercuri and Maria Albanese
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2169; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132169 - 8 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, such as diet and sleep quality, are receiving increasing interest as accessible therapeutic approaches to migraine. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown clear benefits in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as in sleep patterns. Here, our objective was to identify [...] Read more.
Lifestyle factors, such as diet and sleep quality, are receiving increasing interest as accessible therapeutic approaches to migraine. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown clear benefits in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as in sleep patterns. Here, our objective was to identify the impact of adherence to the MD and other lifestyle factors on the clinical burden of migraine. For this purpose, we enrolled 170 migraine patients and 100 controls, assessing the clinical disability of headache using standardized clinical scales (HIT-6 and MIDAS) in the migraineur cohort and lifestyle patterns in both groups through the PREDIMED score for MD adherence, the IPAQ scale for physical activity, and BMI. Subjects were also screened for sleep–wake disturbances based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We found that migraine patients had lower adherence to the MD compared to the controls and that the HIT-6 scale had a significant negative relationship with MD adherence in patients with high-frequency episodic and chronic migraine. Additionally, in the same migraine patients, the presence of sleep–wake disturbances was correlated with greater migraine disability as assessed by the MIDAS score. In conclusion, this study found that among different lifestyle factors, poor adherence to the MD and the presence of sleep–wake disturbances were closely associated with migraine disability and chronification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle)
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13 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
Association between Skin Carotenoid Score Measured with Veggie Meter® and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Adolescents from Southern Italy
by Giovanna Caparello, Giovanni Dongionny Groccia, Fabrizio Ceraudo, Mirko Cesario, Renzo Bonofiglio, Giuseppina Augimeri and Daniela Bonofiglio
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4920; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234920 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
The Veggie Meter® (Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA), is a new portable device for the non-invasive and rapid detection of skin carotenoid content, which represents an acceptable biomarker for the evaluation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. FVs are [...] Read more.
The Veggie Meter® (Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA), is a new portable device for the non-invasive and rapid detection of skin carotenoid content, which represents an acceptable biomarker for the evaluation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. FVs are important components of a healthy diet, including the Mediterranean Diet (MD), which is a plant-based dietary pattern. Here, we evaluated the adherence to the MD via the administration of two online food questionnaires, and we measured the skin carotenoid content using the Veggie Meter® in a cohort of 498 healthy adolescents (233 males and 265 females) from Southern Italy. Using KIDMED and the MD Pyramid tests to assess the adherence to the MD, we found an average adherence (5.43 ± 2.57 and 7.20 ± 1.93, respectively) to the MD in our sample population. Moreover, we observed that the skin carotenoid score was 364.75 ± 98.29, which was within the normal range and inversely related to the BMI (r = −0.1461, p = 0.0011). Similar results were observed when the population was categorized by sex. Interestingly, we demonstrated, for the first time, a positive correlation between the carotenoid score and the adherence to the MD assessed using both the KIDMED and MD Pyramid tests in the total population (r = −0.2926, p < 0.0001 and r = −0.1882, p < 0.0001, respectively). The same direct correlation was found in adolescents according to their sex. Our findings highlight the potential of the Veggie Meter® as a feasible and promising tool for evaluating adherence to the MD and, ultimately, to promote healthy eating habits among adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle)
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Review

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22 pages, 2362 KiB  
Review
The Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Obesity
by Valeria Calcaterra, Elvira Verduci, Chiara Milanta, Marta Agostinelli, Federica Bona, Stefania Croce, Chiara Valsecchi, Maria Antonietta Avanzini and Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091286 - 25 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
(1) Background: Numerous elements of the Mediterranean diet (MD) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. (2) Methods: We present a narrative review of the potential benefits of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) in mitigating aging-related inflammation (inflamm-aging) associated with childhood obesity. The mechanisms underlying [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Numerous elements of the Mediterranean diet (MD) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. (2) Methods: We present a narrative review of the potential benefits of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) in mitigating aging-related inflammation (inflamm-aging) associated with childhood obesity. The mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation in obesity are also discussed. A total of 130 papers were included after screening abstracts and full texts. (3) Results: A complex interplay between obesity, chronic inflammation, and related comorbidities is documented. The MD emerges as a promising dietary pattern for mitigating inflammation. Studies suggest that the MD may contribute to weight control, improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with obesity. (4) Conclusions: While evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effects of the MD in pediatric obesity is still evolving, the existing literature underscores its potential as a preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, MD adherence remains low among children and adolescents, necessitating targeted interventions to promote healthier dietary habits. Future high-quality intervention studies are necessary to elucidate the specific impact of the MD on inflammation in diverse pediatric populations with obesity and associated comorbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Degenerative Diseases and Human Healthy Lifestyle)
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