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Nutrients
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Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function
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Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2021) | Viewed by 16437

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kathrin Cohen Kadosh

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
Interests: adolescence; brain development; cognition; emotion regulation; gut microbiome; mental health; microbiome gut-brain axis; prebiotics and probiotics
Dr. Krzysztof Czaja

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Interests: gut; obesity; diet; microbiota; vagus nerve; neuroanatomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gut and the brain are intimately connected via the so-called gut-brain axis, which involves several bidirectional communication routes via autonomic, immune, endocrine and metabolic pathways. Moreover, based on an extensive body of research in the field of microbiome gut-brain axis in animal models, but also in human research, we are aware that even simple changes in our diet can have long-lasting effects on the gut microbiome and the brain, and mental health and well-being, and that these effects are particularly pertinent or even irreversible during development, when behavioural mechanisms and brain structures are established. 

For this special issue, we would like to invite contributions that investigate specific sections of the microbiome gut brain-axis, such as gut microbiome-vagus crosstalk, gut microbiome-circulation crosstalk, or microbiome-brain crosstalk. In addition, we would like to invite original research that focuses developmental changes in gut microbiome and microbiome gut-brain axis across the life-span. Finally, we would like to invite the submission of intervention research papers that target the gut microbiome and the microbiome gut brain-axis to enhance cognitive functioning and well-being using nutrition interventions. 

Different types of manuscripts, including original (clinical) research articles and up-to-date reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) are welcome.

Dr. Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
Dr. Krzysztof Czaja
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cognition
  • development
  • gut microbiome
  • microbiome gut-brain axis
  • nutrition
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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14 pages, 858 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Gut Microbiome and Cognition in Older Australians
by Mrudhula Komanduri, Karen Savage, Ana Lea, Grace McPhee, Karen Nolidin, Saurenne Deleuil, Con Stough and Shakuntla Gondalia
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010064 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4147
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in biological processes, including reductions in cognitive functions and gut microbiome diversity. However, not much is known about the relationship between cognition and the microbiome with increasing age. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the gut microbiome and [...] Read more.
Ageing is associated with changes in biological processes, including reductions in cognitive functions and gut microbiome diversity. However, not much is known about the relationship between cognition and the microbiome with increasing age. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognition in 69 healthy participants aged 60–75 years. The gut microbiome was analysed with the 16S rRNA sequencing method. The cognitive assessment included the Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment battery, which produced five cognitive factors corresponding to ‘Quality of Episodic Secondary Memory’, ‘Quality of Working Memory’, ‘Continuity of Attention, ‘Speed of Memory’ and ‘Power of Concentration’. Multiple linear regression showed that the bacterial family Carnobacteriaceae explained 9% of the variance in predicting Quality of Episodic Secondary Memory. Alcaligenaceae and Clostridiaceae explained 15% of the variance in predicting Quality of Working Memory; Bacteroidaceae, Barnesiellaceae, Rikenellaceae and Gemellaceae explained 11% of the variance in Power of Concentration. The present study provides specific evidence of a relationship between specific families of bacteria and different domains of cognition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function)
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14 pages, 2782 KiB  
Article
Development of a 3D-Printed High Temperature Resin Cecal Fistula Implant for Long-Term and Minimally Invasive Access to the Gut Microbiome
by Dulce M. Minaya, Noah L. Weinstein and Krzysztof Czaja
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4515; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124515 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2530
Abstract
Microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with chronic diseases ranging from gastrointestinal inflammatory and metabolic conditions to neurological changes affecting the gut-brain neural axis, mental health, and general well-being. However, current animal studies using oral gavage and gnotobiotic animals do not allow for non-invasive [...] Read more.
Microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with chronic diseases ranging from gastrointestinal inflammatory and metabolic conditions to neurological changes affecting the gut-brain neural axis, mental health, and general well-being. However, current animal studies using oral gavage and gnotobiotic animals do not allow for non-invasive long-term access to gut microbiome. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of 3D-printed fistula implants through the body wall and into the cecum of rats to obtain long-term access to gut microbiome. Cecal fistulas were designed and 3D-printed using a high temperature resin (Formlabs; acrylic and methacrylic mixture). Nine male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent the fistula implantation. Food intake, body weight, and body fat were measured to determine the impact of fistula manipulation. Gut microbiome, vagal afferents in the hindbrain, and microglia activation were analyzed to determine if fistula implantation disrupted the gut-brain neural axis. We found that the procedure induced a transient decrease in microbial diversity in the gut that resolved within a few weeks. Fistula implantation had no impact on food intake, body weight, fat mass, or microglia activation. Our study shows that 3D-printed cecal fistula implantation is an effective procedure that allows long-term and minimally invasive access to gut microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function)
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12 pages, 1325 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota and Mycobiota Evolution Is Linked to Memory Improvement after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients: A Pilot Study
by Raphaël Enaud, Sophie Cambos, Esther Viaud, Erwan Guichoux, Emilie Chancerel, Aline Marighetto, Nicole Etchamendy, Samantha Clark, Kamel Mohammedi, Daniela Cota, Laurence Delhaes and Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4061; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114061 - 13 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3277
Abstract
Patients with obesity are known to exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis and memory deficits. Bariatric surgery (BS) is currently the most efficient anti-obesity treatment and may improve both gut dysbiosis and cognition. However, no study has investigated association between changes of gut microbiota and [...] Read more.
Patients with obesity are known to exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis and memory deficits. Bariatric surgery (BS) is currently the most efficient anti-obesity treatment and may improve both gut dysbiosis and cognition. However, no study has investigated association between changes of gut microbiota and cognitive function after BS. We prospectively evaluated 13 obese patients on anthropometric data, memory functions, and gut microbiota-mycobiota before and six months after BS. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and the symbol span (SS) of the Weschler Memory Scale were used to assess verbal and working memory, respectively. Fecal microbiota and mycobiota were longitudinally analyzed by 16S and ITS2 rRNA sequencing respectively. AVLT and SS scores were significantly improved after BS (AVLT scores: 9.7 ± 1.7 vs. 11.2 ± 1.9, p = 0.02, and SS scores: 9.7 ± 23.0 vs. 11.6 ± 2.9, p = 0.05). An increase in bacterial alpha-diversity, and Ruminococcaceae, Prevotella, Agaricus, Rhodotorula, Dipodascus, Malassezia, and Mucor were significantly associated with AVLT score improvement after BS, while an increase in Prevotella and a decrease in Clostridium, Akkermansia, Dipodascus and Candida were linked to SS scores improvement. We identified several changes in the microbial communities that differ according to the improvement of either the verbal or working memories, suggesting a complex gut-brain-axis that evolves after BS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function)
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22 pages, 2085 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review of Psychobiotic Interventions in Children and Adolescents to Enhance Cognitive Functioning and Emotional Behavior
by Melissa Basso, Nicola Johnstone, Paul Knytl, Arjen Nauta, Andre Groeneveld and Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030614 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5494
Abstract
This systematic review brings together human psychobiotic interventions in children and adolescents (aged 6–25 years) to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and probiotic supplements on stress, anxiety, and cognitive outcomes. Psychobiotic interventions in animal studies highlighted sensitivity to effects during development and maturation [...] Read more.
This systematic review brings together human psychobiotic interventions in children and adolescents (aged 6–25 years) to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and probiotic supplements on stress, anxiety, and cognitive outcomes. Psychobiotic interventions in animal studies highlighted sensitivity to effects during development and maturation in multiple domains from emotion to cognitive processing. Several translational psychobiotic interventions in humans have been carried out to assess effects on emotion and cognition during childhood and into adulthood. The findings illustrate that there are limited consistent psychobiotic effects in developing human populations, and this is proposed to be due to heterogeneity in the trials conducted. Consequentially, it is recommended that three specific factors are considered in future psychobiotic trials: (1) Specificity of population studied (e.g., patients, developmental age), (2) specificity of intervention, and (3) homogeneity in outcome measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function)
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