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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 43967

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ramón Gomis de Barbarà

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Guest Editor

1. Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
2. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
3. Faculty of Health Science, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain 4. Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
Interests: endocrinology; diabetes; hormones; glucose; metabolism; aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo

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Guest Editor

1. Faculty of Health Science, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
2. Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d\'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Interests: diabetes; glucose; metabolism; aging; chronic diseases; diet

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are organizing a Special Issue titled “Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis” in Nutrients, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) with the newly released Impact Factor 5.717 (Journal Citation Report, 2020 Edition). Nutrients now ranks 17/89 (Q1) in the category "Nutrition & Dietetics" and publishes articles and communications in the interdisciplinary area of nutrition sciences. For detailed information on the journal, we refer you to: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients.

Nutritional management of blood glucose levels is a strategic target in the control of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, among others. All this can trigger diseases such as type 2 diabetes and its complications or cardiovascular diseases. Glucose homeostasis (GH) and nutrition play a crucial role not only in disease pathogenesis and control but also in human aging. Expanding knowledge about GH in relation to both situations through diet is key on a global level. For these reasons, this Special Issue welcomes original research articles presenting quantitative or qualitative data but also reviews that highlight core values of GH: disease-preventing and disease-treating, health-promoting, basic metabolism knowledge and healthy aging encouragement.

Prof. Dr. Ramón Gomis de Barbarà
Dr. Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

glycemia
insulin resistance
carbohydrates metabolism
diabetes disease prevention
glucose homeostasis

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Egg Intake Is Associated with Lower Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and High Blood Pressure in Framingham Offspring Study Adults

by Melanie M. Mott, Xinyi Zhou, M. Loring Bradlee, Martha R. Singer, Ioanna Yiannakou and Lynn L. Moore

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030507 - 18 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 11307

Abstract

The association between egg consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure (HBP) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still under debate. This study examines the association between egg consumption and these outcomes among 2349 30–64 year-old adults in the prospective Framingham Offspring Study. Diet was assessed using three-day dietary records. Potential confounders retained in the final models included age, sex, body mass index, and other dietary factors. The analysis of covariance and Cox proportional hazard’s models were used to assess the relevant continuous (i.e., FG, SBP, DBP) and categorical (i.e., T2D, HBP) outcomes. Consuming ≥5 eggs per week was associated with lower mean FG (p = 0.0004) and SBP (p = 0.0284) after four years of follow-up. Higher egg intakes led to lower risks of developing IFG or T2D (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.51–1.03) and high blood pressure (HBP) (HR: 0.68; 0.50–0.93). The beneficial effects of egg consumption were stronger in combination with other healthy dietary patterns. This study found that regular egg consumption as part of a healthy diet had long-term beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism and lowered the long-term risks of high blood pressure and diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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15 pages, 2813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Biomarkers for Personalized Nutrition: Predicting Meal Moments and Interstitial Glucose with Non-Invasive, Wearable Technologies

by Willem J. van den Brink, Tim J. van den Broek, Salvator Palmisano, Suzan Wopereis and Iris M. de Hoogh

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4465; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214465 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4633

Abstract

Digital health technologies may support the management and prevention of disease through personalized lifestyle interventions. Wearables and smartphones are increasingly used to continuously monitor health and disease in everyday life, targeting health maintenance. Here, we aim to demonstrate the potential of wearables and smartphones to (1) detect eating moments and (2) predict and explain individual glucose levels in healthy individuals, ultimately supporting health self-management. Twenty-four individuals collected continuous data from interstitial glucose monitoring, food logging, activity, and sleep tracking over 14 days. We demonstrated the use of continuous glucose monitoring and activity tracking in detecting eating moments with a prediction model showing an accuracy of 92.3% (87.2–96%) and 76.8% (74.3–81.2%) in the training and test datasets, respectively. Additionally, we showed the prediction of glucose peaks from food logging, activity tracking, and sleep monitoring with an overall mean absolute error of 0.32 (+/−0.04) mmol/L for the training data and 0.62 (+/−0.15) mmol/L for the test data. With Shapley additive explanations, the personal lifestyle elements important for predicting individual glucose peaks were identified, providing a basis for personalized lifestyle advice. Pending further validation of these digital biomarkers, they show promise in supporting the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes through personalized lifestyle recommendations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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17 pages, 2802 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary pH Enhancement Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Diet-Induced Obese Male and Female Mice: Effects of Beef vs. Casein Proteins

by Kalhara R. Menikdiwela, João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães, Shane Scoggin, Lauren S. Gollahon and Naima Moustaid-Moussa

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2583; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132583 - 22 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2562

Abstract

(1) Consumption of diets that are caloric dense but not nutrient dense have been implicated in metabolic diseases, in part through low-grade metabolic acidosis. Mitigation strategies through dietary intervention to alleviate acidosis have not been previously reported. Our objective is to determine the effects of pH enhancement (with ammonia) in high fat diet-induced obese mice that were fed beef or casein as protein sources compared to low fat diet-fed mice. (2) Methods: B6 male and female mice were randomized (n = 10) into eight diets that differ in protein source, pH enhancement of the protein, and fat content, and fed for 13 weeks: low fat (11% fat) casein (LFC), LF casein pH-enhanced (LFCN), LF lean beef (LFB), LFBN, high fat (46%) casein (HFC), HFCN, HF beef (HFB), and HFBN. Body weights and composition, and glucose tolerance tests were conducted along with terminal serum analyses. Three-way ANOVA was performed. (3) Results: A significant effect of dietary fat (LF vs. HF) was observed across all variables in both sexes (final body weight, fat mass, glucose clearance, and serum leptin). Importantly, pH enhancement significantly reduced adiposity (males only) and final body weights (females only) and significantly improved glucose clearance in both sexes. Lastly, clear sex differences were observed across all variables. (4) Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate metabolic benefits of increasing dietary pH using ammonia, while high fat intake per se (not protein source) is the major contributor to metabolic dysfunctions. Additional research is warranted to determine mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of pH enhancement, and interactions with dietary fat content and proteins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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13 pages, 1286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glycaemia Fluctuations Improvement in Old-Age Prediabetic Subjects Consuming a Quinoa-Based Diet: A Pilot Study

by Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo, Nihan Acar-Denizli, Belchin Kostov, Elena Roura, Antoni Sisó-Almirall, Pedro Delicado and Ramon Gomis

Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2331; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112331 - 1 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 11274

Abstract

This study aimed to observe if quinoa could produce a benefit on postprandial glycemia that would result in less progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). A cross-over design pilot clinical study with a nutritional intervention for 8 weeks was performed: 4 weeks on a regular diet (RD) and 4 weeks on a quinoa diet (QD). Nine subjects aged ≥65 years with prediabetes were monitored during the first 4 weeks of RD with daily dietary records and FreeStyle Libre^®. Subsequently, participants started the QD, where quinoa and 100% quinoa-based products replaced foods rich in complex carbohydrates that they had consumed in the first 4 weeks of RD. The glycemic measurements recorded by the sensors were considered as functions of time, and the effects of nutrients consumed at the intended time period were analyzed by means of a function-on-scalar regression (fosr) model. With QD participants, decreased body weight (−1.6 kg, p = 0.008), BMI (−0.6 kg/m²p = 0.004) and waist circumference (−1.5 cm, p = 0.015) were observed. Nutrients intake changed during QD, namely, decreased carbohydrates (p = 0.004) and increased lipids (p = 0.004) and some amino acids (p < 0.05). The fosr model showed a reduction in postprandial glycemia in QD despite intrapersonal differences thanks to the joint action of different nutrients and the suppression of others consumed on a regular diet. We conclude that in an old age and high T2D-risk population, a diet rich in quinoa reduces postprandial glycemia and could be a promising T2D-preventive strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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17 pages, 1475 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis

by Nadia Kheriji, Wided Boukhalfa, Faten Mahjoub, Meriem Hechmi, Thouraya Dakhlaoui, Mehdi Mrad, Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous, Nadia Ben Amor, Henda Jamoussi and Rym Kefi

Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2132; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102132 - 20 May 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6933

Abstract

The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Genetics and lifestyle, especially diet, are contributing factors. Analyses of macro- and micronutrient intake across global populations may help to explain their impact on glucose homeostasis and disease development. To this end, 420 Tunisians were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study of daily food consumption. Various data were collected and blood samples were drawn for biochemical assay. A 24-h recall questionnaire was obtained from participants to evaluate dietary intake. Statistical analyses were conducted using Nutrilog and R software. Biochemical analyses stratified the studied population (n = 371) into three groups: diabetics (n = 106), prediabetics (n = 192) and controls (n = 73); 49 subjects were excluded. Our results showed that Tunisians had hypercaloric diets high in carbohydrates and fat with variability in the levels of some vitamins and minerals, including riboflavin and niacin, that were statistically different among groups. The lower intake of vitamin D was associated with a greater risk of T2D. Higher vitamin A and sodium intake were associated with poor glucose homeostasis, although protein intake may improve it. In perspective, nutrigenomic studies can provide insight into problematic diets and poor eating habits and offer opportunities to analyze the effects of behavioral changes that can mitigate T2D development and progression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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12 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Percentage of Vegetable Fat in Red Blood Cells Is Associated with Worse Glucose Metabolism and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

by Gemma Chiva-Blanch, Oriol Giró, Montserrat Cofán, Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual, Elías Delgado, Ramon Gomis, Amanda Jiménez, Josep Franch-Nadal, Gemma Rojo Martínez and Emilio Ortega

Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071368 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2529

Abstract

The identification of nutritional patterns associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) might help lead the way to a more efficient and personalized nutritional intervention. Our study is aimed at evaluating the association between fatty acids (FA) in red blood cell (RBC) membranes, as a quantitative biomarker of regular dietary fat intake, and incident type 2 diabetes in a Spanish population. We included 1032 adult Spaniards (57% women, age 49 ± 15 years, 18% prediabetes), without diabetes at study entry, from the [email protected] cohort. Incident diabetes was diagnosed at the end of the study follow-up. The FA percentage in RBC was determined at baseline by gas chromatography. Participants were followed on average 7.5 ± 0.6 years. Lower percentages of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and higher percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in RBC membranes were associated, independently of classical risk factors, with worse glucose metabolism at the end of the study follow-up. In addition, higher percentages of ALA and EPA, and moderate percentages of DHA, were associated with lower risk of diabetes. No significant associations were found for LA and diabetes risk. Dietary patterns rich in vegetables are independently associated with lower risk of both deterioration of glucose regulation and incident diabetes, and should be reinforced for the prevention of diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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12 pages, 5031 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distinct Effects of High-Fat and High-Phosphate Diet on Glucose Metabolism and the Response to Voluntary Exercise in Male Mice

by Pablo Vidal, Lisa A. Baer, Elisa Félix-Soriano, Felix T. Yang, Daniel A. Branch, Kedryn K. Baskin and Kristin I. Stanford

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061201 - 12 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3102

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic diseases is rapidly increasing and a principal contributor to this is diet, including increased consumption of energy-rich foods and foods with added phosphates. Exercise is an effective therapeutic approach to combat metabolic disease. While exercise is effective to combat the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on metabolic health, the effects of exercise on a high-phosphate diet have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of a high-fat or high-phosphate diet in the presence or absence of voluntary exercise on metabolic function in male mice. To do this, mice were fed a low-fat, normal-phosphate diet (LFPD), a high-phosphate diet (HPD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then subdivided into either sedentary or exercised (housed with running wheels) for an additional 8 weeks. An HFD severely impaired metabolic function in mice, increasing total fat mass and worsening whole-body glucose tolerance, while HPD did not induce any notable effects on glucose metabolism. Exercise reverted most of the detrimental metabolic adaptations induced by HFD, decreasing total fat mass and restoring whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, voluntary exercise had a similar effect on LFPD and HPD mice. These data suggest that a high-phosphate diet does not significantly impair glucose metabolism in sedentary or voluntary exercised conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Glucose Homeostasis)

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