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Exploring the Reciprocal Relationships Between Sweeteners and Energy Balance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2019) | Viewed by 31269

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department Nutrition, University California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: sugar; diet; non-nutritive sweeteners; sucrose; high-fructose corn syrup; aspartame; fructose; sucralose; saccharine; energy intake; energy balance; de novo lipogenesis; cardiovascular disease; type 2 diabetes; metabolic syndrome
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue devoted to Sweeteners and Energy Balance will address both the roles of sweeteners in the regulation of energy balance and the role of energy balance in mediating the effects of sweeteners. Controversy exists concerning the roles of both added sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners in the obesity crisis, and experts will review the current state of the evidence on the impact of both added sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners on pathways involving adipose deposition and food intake regulation. Controversy also exits regarding whether the health effects of added sugar are independent of its potential effects on energy balance, and the evidence addressing this issue will also be reviewed.

Prof. Dr. Kimber L. Stanhope
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fructose
  • added sugar
  • sugar-sweetened beverage
  • sucrose
  • high-fructose corn syrup
  • non-nutritive sweetener
  • energy balance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 1376 KiB  
Review
Low Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: What We Don’t Know and Why We Should Know It
by Heather Seid and Michael Rosenbaum
Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112749 - 12 Nov 2019
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 17582
Abstract
In the 1940s, the diet-heart hypothesis proposed that high dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake promoted coronary heart disease in “at-risk” individuals. This hypothesis prompted federal recommendations for a low-fat diet for “high risk” patients and as a preventive health measure for everyone [...] Read more.
In the 1940s, the diet-heart hypothesis proposed that high dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake promoted coronary heart disease in “at-risk” individuals. This hypothesis prompted federal recommendations for a low-fat diet for “high risk” patients and as a preventive health measure for everyone except infants. The low carbohydrate diet, first used to treat type 1 diabetes, became a popular obesity therapy with the Atkins diet in the 1970s. Its predicted effectiveness was based largely on the hypothesis that insulin is the causa prima of weight gain and regain via hyperphagia and hypometabolism during and after weight reduction, and therefore reduced carbohydrate intake would promote and sustain weight loss. Based on literature reviews, there are insufficient randomized controlled inpatient studies examining the physiological significance of the mechanisms proposed to support one over the other. Outpatient studies can be confounded by poor diet compliance such that the quality and quantity of the energy intake cannot be ascertained. Many studies also fail to separate macronutrient quantity from quality. Overall, there is no conclusive evidence that the degree of weight loss or the duration of reduced weight maintenance are significantly affected by dietary macronutrient quantity beyond effects attributable to caloric intake. Further work is needed. Full article
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24 pages, 307 KiB  
Review
Low Calorie Sweeteners Differ in Their Physiological Effects in Humans
by Stephanie R. Hunter, Evan J. Reister, Eunjin Cheon and Richard D. Mattes
Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2717; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112717 - 9 Nov 2019
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 12974
Abstract
Low calorie sweeteners (LCS) are prevalent in the food supply for their primary functional property of providing sweetness with little or no energy. Though tested for safety individually, there has been extremely limited work on the efficacy of each LCS. It is commonly [...] Read more.
Low calorie sweeteners (LCS) are prevalent in the food supply for their primary functional property of providing sweetness with little or no energy. Though tested for safety individually, there has been extremely limited work on the efficacy of each LCS. It is commonly assumed all LCS act similarly in their behavioral and physiological effects. However, each LCS has its own chemical structure that influences its metabolism, making each LCS unique in its potential effects on body weight, energy intake, and appetite. LCS may have different behavioral and physiological effects mediated at the sweet taste receptor, in brain activation, with gut hormones, at the microbiota and on appetitive responses. Further elucidation of the unique effects of the different commercially available LCS may hold important implications for recommendations about their use for different health outcomes. Full article
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