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Nutrients
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Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments
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Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (11 January 2023) | Viewed by 14265

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pasquale Strazzullo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Former Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: nutrition; cardiovascular prevention; cardiovascular diseases; mineral metabolism; electrolyte metabolism; nephrolithiasis; metabolic syndrome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Domenico Rendina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: vitamin D; bone health; nephrolithiasis; cardiovascular diseases; nutrition; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to invite contributions of original research or reviews concerning the relationship between the vitamin D biological system and cardiovascular health. The pivotal role of vitamin D in bone and mineral metabolism has been well established for many years. More recently, however, the identification of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and of the vitamin D metabolic pathway in the myocardial, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells together with the demonstrated effects of vitamin D on the epigenome and transcriptome stimulated research on the role of the vitamin D biological system in the maintenance of cardiovascular health. This is a fascinating research field requiring adequate attention in consideration of the current epidemic of vitamin D insufficiency and of the impact of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) on individual and community health worldwide.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the latest research findings on the role of the vitamin D biological system in cardiovascular function and cardiovascular health.

We invite you to submit the results of original research or systematic reviews  covering these important topics. The submission of original research on human and mechanistic work in animal models is particularly welcome.

Yours sincerely,

Prof. Dr. Pasquale Strazzullo
Dr. Domenico Rendina
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • VDR
  • Transcriptome
  • Vascular diseases
  • 25OHD3

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5455 KiB  
Article
Is Circulating Vitamin D Status Associated with the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism? A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
by Kuo-Chuan Hung, Sheng-Hsiang Yang, Chia-Yu Chang, Li-Kai Wang, Yao-Tsung Lin, Chia-Hung Yu, Min-Hsiang Chuang and Jen-Yin Chen
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051113 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3339
Abstract
Background: Although vitamin D is antithrombotic, associations between serum vitamin D status and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain inconsistent. Methods: We searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases from inception to June 2022 to identify observational studies examining [...] Read more.
Background: Although vitamin D is antithrombotic, associations between serum vitamin D status and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain inconsistent. Methods: We searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases from inception to June 2022 to identify observational studies examining associations between vitamin D status and VTE risk in adults. The primary outcome presented as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) was the association of vitamin D levels with the risk of VTE. Secondary outcomes included the impacts of vitamin D status (i.e., deficiency or insufficiency), study design, and the presence of neurological diseases on the associations. Results: Pooled evidence from a meta-analysis of sixteen observational studies, including 47648 individuals published from 2013 to 2021, revealed a negative relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of VTE either based on OR (1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37 to 2.20, p < 0.00001; I2 = 31%, 14 studies, 16074 individuals) or HR (1.25, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.46, p = 0.006; I2 = 0%, 3 studies, 37,564 individuals). This association remained significant in subgroup analyses of the study design and in the presence of neurological diseases. Compared to individuals with normal vitamin D status, an increased risk of VTE was noted in those with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.33 to 3.11) but not with vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated a negative association between serum vitamin D status and the risk of VTE. Further studies are required to investigate the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on the long-term risk of VTE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments)
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9 pages, 734 KiB  
Article
Low Vitamin D Status Relates to the Poor Response of Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Following Acute Maximal Exercise in Healthy Young Men
by Liang-You Chen, Chun-Wei Wang, Lu-An Chen, Shih-Hua Fang, Soun-Cheng Wang and Cheng-Shiun He
Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3074; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153074 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2819
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin D levels on peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) following acute maximal exercise in healthy young adults. Fifty male healthy adults from National Chung Cheng University participated in the study. Participants [...] Read more.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin D levels on peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) following acute maximal exercise in healthy young adults. Fifty male healthy adults from National Chung Cheng University participated in the study. Participants were divided into the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) sufficiency group (n = 28, 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) and deficiency group (n = 22, 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L). The acute maximal exercise was performed using an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Additionally, the pPWV and blood pressure were obtained at rest and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after acute maximal exercise. The results show that 25(OH)D deficiency group had higher pPWV at post-exercise (5.34 ± 0.71 vs. 4.79 ± 0.81 m/s, p < 0.05), post-exercise 15 min (5.13 ± 0.53 vs. 4.48 ± 0.66 m/s, p < 0.05) and post-exercise 30 min (5.26 ± 0.84 vs. 4.78 ± 0.50 m/s, p < 0.05) than the sufficiency group. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D levels and pPWV following acute maximal exercise. Our study demonstrated that low vitamin D status relates to the poor response of pPWV following maximal exercise in healthy young men. Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of incident cardiovascular events after acute exhaustive exercise, even in healthy and active adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments)
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11 pages, 825 KiB  
Article
Vitamin D Status, Cardiovascular Risk Profile, and miRNA-21 Levels in Hypertensive Patients: Results of the HYPODD Study
by Domenico Rendina, Lanfranco D′Elia, Veronica Abate, Andrea Rebellato, Ilaria Buondonno, Mariangela Succoio, Fabio Martinelli, Riccardo Muscariello, Gianpaolo De Filippo, Patrizia D′Amelio, Francesco Fallo, Pasquale Strazzullo and Raffaella Faraonio
Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2683; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132683 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2606
Abstract
The vitamin D and microRNA (miR) systems may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders, including hypertension. The HYPODD study was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial aiming to assess the effects of cholecalciferol treatment in patients with well-controlled hypertension and hypovitaminosis D [...] Read more.
The vitamin D and microRNA (miR) systems may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders, including hypertension. The HYPODD study was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial aiming to assess the effects of cholecalciferol treatment in patients with well-controlled hypertension and hypovitaminosis D (25OHD levels < 50 nmol/L). In addition to this clinical trial, we also evaluated the effects of cholecalciferol and calcitriol treatment on miR-21 expression in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Changes in the cardiovascular risk profiles were evaluated in HYPODD patients treated with cholecalciferol (C-cohort) or with placebo (P-cohort). The miR-21circulating levels were measured in four C-cohort patients and five P-cohort patients. In vitro, the miR-21 levels were measured in HEK-293 cells treated with calcitriol or with ethanol vehicle control. Cholecalciferol treatment increased 25OHD levels and reduced parathormone, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in C-cohort patients, whereas no significant changes in these parameters were observed in P-cohort patients. The miR-21 circulating levels did not change in the C- or the P-cohort patients upon treatment. Calcitriol treatment did not affect miR-21 levels in HEK-293 cells. In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D correction ameliorated the cardiovascular risk profiles in hypertensive patients treated with cholecalciferol but did not influence the miR-21 expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments)
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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 516 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3–5 Patients
by Chung-Jen Lee, Yi-Jen Hsieh, Yu-Li Lin, Chih-Hsien Wang, Bang-Gee Hsu and Jen-Pi Tsai
Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2429; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122429 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2230
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are each independently associated with higher incidence of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) disease or CV events, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and baPWV in non-dialysis [...] Read more.
Vitamin D deficiency and high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are each independently associated with higher incidence of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) disease or CV events, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and baPWV in non-dialysis patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled 180 CKD patients. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. BaPWV values were measured using an automatic pulse wave analyzer. Either left or right baPWV > 18.0 m/s was considered indicative of peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS). In this study, 73 (40.6%) patients were found to have PAS. Compared to those without PAS (control group), patients with PAS were older and had higher incidence of diabetes mellitus, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone, and C-reactive protein, and lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.895, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.828–0.968, p = 0.005) and old age (OR: 1.140, 95% CI 1.088–1.194, p < 0.001) to be independently associated with PAS in patients with stage 3–5 CKD. Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and older age were associated with PAS in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments)
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14 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
Vitamin-D Deficiency and Supplementation Altered the Network of the Coronary Arteries in a Rodent Model—In Situ Video Microscopic Technique
by Hicham Dalloul, Tobias Hainzl, Anna Monori-Kiss, Leila Hadjadj, György L. Nádasy, Marianna Török and Szabolcs Várbíró
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2041; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102041 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2436
Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify whether vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) can alter the geometry of the coronary-resistance-artery system. Male Wistar rats were divided into vitamin-D-deficient (VD−, n = 10) and vitamin-D-supplemented (VD+, n = 8) groups. After eight weeks, branches and [...] Read more.
The aim of our study was to identify whether vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) can alter the geometry of the coronary-resistance-artery system. Male Wistar rats were divided into vitamin-D-deficient (VD−, n = 10) and vitamin-D-supplemented (VD+, n = 8) groups. After eight weeks, branches and segments of the left-anterior-descending-coronary-artery (LAD) network were analyzed by a video-microscopy technique. Segments were divided into 50 μm-long cylindrical ring units. VDD did not increase the number of morphological abnormalities. The number of segments did not differ between the groups (VD−: 210 and VD+: 224; pooled data of 8 networks). A larger lumen area of branches was found in VD+ group, while 1–4-order branches were lengthier in the VD− group. VD− rats had less rich coronary-resistance-artery networks in terms of 50 µm-long units. (VD−: 6365 vs. VD+: 6602; pooled data of 8 networks). VD+ animals were richer in the 100–350 µm outer diameter range, and VD− animals were richer in the 400–550 µm-diameter units. In VD− rats, 150–200 and 300 µm units were almost missing at higher flow distances from the orifice. Serum vitamin-D alterations caused by dietary changes can affect the geometry of the coronary-artery network, which may contribute to vitamin-D-dependent changes in cardiovascular mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Vascular Health: Recent Developments)
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