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Nutrition Intake and Status of Breastfed Infants and Their Mothers

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition in Women".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2021) | Viewed by 17430

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Prof. Dr. Ekhard E. Ziegler

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Guest Editor

Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
Interests: infant nutrition; breastfeeding; maternal nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The editors of Nutrients have asked me to spearhead the creation of a Special Issue of the journal dealing with issues surrounding breast feeding. I am therefore delighted to invite you, the readers of the journal, to contribute papers that deal with nutrient intake and its regulation or with the nutritional status of breastfed infants. How do breastfed infants regulate their milk intake? Can the mother influence, in either the positive or negative direction, the infant's milk intake? Can a breastfed infant be overfed? Can twin infants be breastfed satisfactorily? Are nutritional deficiencies possible in breastfed infants, and if so, which deficiencies are these? Can nutritional deficiencies be transmitted from the mother to the infant? Should working mothers express milk to be fed when they are not around, or should/could formula be fed when the mother is not around? Does a mother trying to lose weight have enough milk?

I therefore invite readers to contribute papers related to issues pertaining to breastfeeding. Manuscripts will undergo mild editorial review.

Prof. Dr. Ekhard E. Ziegler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Regulation of milk intake
Breastfeeding multiple (twin) infants
Risk of nutrient deficiency
Maternal nutrient deficiency
Risk of undernutrition

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Milk Lactose, Insulin, and Glucose Relative to Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

by Ali S. Cheema, Lisa F. Stinson, Alethea Rea, Ching Tat Lai, Matthew S. Payne, Kevin Murray, Donna T. Geddes and Zoya Gridneva

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3724; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113724 - 22 Oct 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4946

Abstract

Human milk (HM) components may influence infant growth and development. This study aimed to investigate relationships between infant body composition (BC) and HM lactose, insulin, and glucose (concentrations and calculated daily intakes (CDI)) as well as 24-h milk intake and maternal BC at 3 months postpartum. HM samples were collected at 2 months postpartum. Infant and maternal BC was assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis used linear regression accounting for infant birth weight. 24-h milk intake and CDI of lactose were positively associated with infant anthropometry, lean body mass and adiposity. Higher maternal BC measures were associated with lower infant anthropometry, z-scores, lean body mass, and adiposity. Maternal characteristics including BC and age were associated with concentrations and CDI of HM components, and 24-h milk intake. In conclusion, 24-h intake of HM and lactose as well as maternal adiposity are related to development of infant BC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intake and Status of Breastfed Infants and Their Mothers)

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17 pages, 1693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feeding Twins with Human Milk and Factors Associated with Its Duration: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study in Southern Italy

by Pasqua Anna Quitadamo, Laura Comegna, Giuseppina Palumbo, Massimiliano Copetti, Paola Lurdo, Federica Zambianco, Maria Assunta Gentile and Antonio Villani

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3099; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093099 - 3 Sep 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4709

Abstract

Background: Over the past year, there has been a rise in twin births. The current scientific consensus recommended breast-feed milk for all newborns for at least 6 months. They stated that it is possible to meet the nutritional needs of two or more newborns with only one mother’s milk. More information would be desirable about the factors that influence or lead to the initiation and interruption of breastfeeding. The quality of the evidence available from multiple studies has been inconclusive and therefore led to controversial interpretations and practices. Aims: The first aim of this study was to analyze the extent of the feeding of multiples with breast milk in the experience of our clinical unit in terms of incidence and duration. The second objective was to evaluate the correlation between maternal, perinatal and neonatal variables with breast milk feeding rates and duration. Methods: The study was conducted between 2015 and 2020, in a NICU in Southern Italy (San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia). Sixty-one women who have given birth to multiples were enrolled into the study. Newborn data were retrospectively collected by informatic database and breastfeeding information were collected by a questionnaire. Results: In our centre, the percentage of twins out of the total number of births over the years has almost doubled from 1.28% in 2015 to 2.48% in 2020 and the 88% of twins are premature. 18.1% received breast milk for more than 6 months and 6.3% received it for more than 12 months. Infants of lower gestational age and weight, born to multiparous, more mature and medium-high schooling mothers received breast milk for a longer period. 35% of women explained that the interruption of breastfeeding was due to the insufficient milk production and 41% to the stress and difficulties in managing the twins. Qualitative analysis of maternal narrative revealed, for many of them, the awareness of the importance of breastfeeding and the efforts made to try to give breast milk, but also fears about the quantity of milk and satiety of their children. Conclusions: It is important to identify the factors both favoring and obstructing maternal milk feeding of multiples and it would be desirable the activation of a network of training and support for mothers after discharge, with particular regard to the categories found to be less inclined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intake and Status of Breastfed Infants and Their Mothers)

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17 pages, 16081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolome Characteristics of Liver Autophagy Deficiency under Starvation Conditions in Infancy

by Kazuhito Sekiguchi, Hiroaki Miyahara, Masanori Inoue, Kyoko Kiyota, Kumiko Sakai, Toshikatsu Hanada and Kenji Ihara

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3026; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093026 - 29 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2800

Abstract

The liver function is essential for metabolism, detoxification, and bile synthesis, even in the neonatal period. Autophagy plays significance roles in THE adult liver, whereas the role of liver autophagy in the early neonatal period largely remains unclear. To clarify the importance of liver autophagy in the neonatal starvation period, we generated liver-specific autophagy-deficient (Atg5^flox/flox; Albumin-Cre) mice and investigated under starvation conditions comparing with control (Atg5^flox/+; Albumin-Cre) mice, focusing on serum metabolites and liver histopathology. As a result, autophagy in the liver was found to unessential for the survival under postnatal starvation. A metabolomics analysis of serum metabolites by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed a significant difference between the groups, especially after 12-h starvation, suggesting the synergistical adaption of metabolic pathways, such as the “malate-aspartate shuttle”, “aspartate metabolism”, “urea cycle”, and “glycine and serine metabolism”. Liver-specific autophagy-deficiency under postnatal starvation conditions can cause a characteristic metabolic alteration suggesting a change of the mitochondrial function. Neonates seemed to maintain ketone production under starvation conditions, even in the autophagy-deficient liver, through a change in the mitochondrial function, which may be an adaptive mechanism for avoiding fatal starvation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intake and Status of Breastfed Infants and Their Mothers)

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12 pages, 516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Breastfeeding Prevalence in Austria according to the WHO IYCF Indicators—The SUKIE-Study

by Bernadette Bürger, Karin Schindler, Tanja Tripolt, Hans Peter Stüger, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Adelheid Weber and Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 2096; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062096 - 19 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4131

Abstract

Breastfeeding and infant nutrition have an important impact on child health. The last representative data on breastfeeding in Austria was collected in 2006. The SUKIE-Study (Säuglings- und Kinderernährung) is a representative, longitudinal survey (online questionnaire) for participating mothers at four time points (14 days, four, six and 12 months post-partum). Questions on when other foods were first introduced were asked retrospectively. To ensure international comparisons, the World Health Organization’s definitions for breastfeeding, including “Infant and Young Child Feeding” indicators, were used. After eligibility screening, 1214 of 1666 invited mothers were included in the analysis. The initial breastfeeding rate was 97.5% and was reduced to 40.8% after 12 months. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at one week of age was 55.5% and decreased to 1.9% after six months. Half of the infants received infant formula for the first time within the first three days of life (median). Out of the mothers that did wean breastfeeding in the first 12 months, the median duration was 27 weeks (right-censored data). Compared with 2006, an increase (93.2% to 97.5%) in the initial breastfeeding rate was found. However, other findings show that breastfeeding duration, including exclusive breastfeeding rates, need further improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Intake and Status of Breastfed Infants and Their Mothers)

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