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Dietary Factors that Stimulate Changes in Brown and/or White Adipose...
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Dietary Factors that Stimulate Changes in Brown and/or White Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Activity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 18011

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andres E. Carrillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
Interests: nutrition; aging; exercise; heart rate variability; heat exposure; chronic disease; metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An increase in brown and/or white adipose tissue thermogenic activity has been shown to stimulate energy expenditure that may result in positive health trajectories such as bodyweight regulation and improved metabolic health. Considerable effort has been devoted to determining practical strategies, such as cold exposure or exercise, that could stimulate these increases in energy expenditure via brown and/or white adipose tissue thermogenesis. Alternative strategies, receiving considerable recent attention, include dietary interventions that have shown promising, yet conflicting results, particularly in rodents. For example, a ketogenic diet and a low-protein/high carbohydrate diet, have both been shown to modulate thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue by modifying the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)―the protein responsible for stimulating non-shivering thermogenesis. The intention of this Special Issue is to stimulate the sharing of additional clues that may further develop our understanding of the relationship between dietary factors and brown and/or white adipose tissue thermogenic activity, in both humans and animal models, and to provide further clarity in the description of potential health outcomes occurring in response to diet.

Dr. Andres E. Carrillo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • brown adipose tissue
  • white adipose tissue
  • uncoupling protein one
  • thermogenesis
  • non-shivering thermogenesis
  • energy expenditure
  • metabolism
  • diet
  • nutrition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2552 KiB  
Article
Sesamol Increases Ucp1 Expression in White Adipose Tissues and Stimulates Energy Expenditure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice
by Dong Ho Lee, Seo-Hyuk Chang, Dong Kwon Yang, No-Joon Song, Ui Jeong Yun and Kye Won Park
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051459 - 18 May 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5414
Abstract
Sesamol found in sesame oil has been shown to ameliorate obesity by regulating lipid metabolism. However, its effects on energy expenditure and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we show that sesamol increased the uncoupling protein 1 [...] Read more.
Sesamol found in sesame oil has been shown to ameliorate obesity by regulating lipid metabolism. However, its effects on energy expenditure and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we show that sesamol increased the uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in adipocytes. The administration of sesamol in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice prevented weight gain and improved metabolic derangements. The three-week sesamol treatment of HFD-fed mice, when the body weights were not different between the sesamol and control groups, increased energy expenditure, suggesting that an induced energy expenditure is a primary contributing factor for sesamol’s anti-obese effects. Consistently, sesamol induced the expression of energy-dissipating thermogenic genes, including Ucp1, in white adipose tissues. The microarray analysis showed that sesamol dramatically increased the Nrf2 target genes such as Hmox1 and Atf3 in adipocytes. Moreover, 76% (60/79 genes) of the sesamol-induced genes were also regulated by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a known Nrf2 activator. We further verified that sesamol directly activated the Nrf2-mediated transcription. In addition, the Hmox1 and Ucp1 induction by sesamol was compromised in Nrf2-deleted cells, indicating the necessity of Nrf2 in the sesamol-mediated Ucp1 induction. Together, these findings demonstrate the effects of sesamol in inducing Ucp1 and in increasing energy expenditure, further highlighting the use of the Nrf2 activation in stimulating thermogenic adipocytes and in increasing energy expenditure in obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors that Stimulate Changes in Brown and/or White Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Activity)
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15 pages, 1793 KiB  
Article
Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue
by Hyo-Geun Lee, Yu An Lu, Xining Li, Ji-Min Hyun, Hyun-Soo Kim, Jeong Jun Lee, Tae Hee Kim, Hye Min Kim, Min-Cheol Kang and You-Jin Jeon
Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020308 - 24 Jan 2020
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6212
Abstract
Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and [...] Read more.
Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors that Stimulate Changes in Brown and/or White Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Activity)
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Review

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24 pages, 4061 KiB  
Review
Effects of Nutrition/Diet on Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Kelsey A. Heenan, Andres E. Carrillo, Jacob L. Fulton, Edward J. Ryan, Jason R. Edsall, Dimitrios Rigopoulos, Melissa M. Markofski, Andreas D. Flouris and Petros C. Dinas
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2752; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092752 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5852
Abstract
Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides a minor contribution to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)—the metabolic response to food consumption. Increased BAT activity is generally considered beneficial for mammalian metabolism and has been associated with favorable health outcomes. The aim of the current systematic review [...] Read more.
Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides a minor contribution to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)—the metabolic response to food consumption. Increased BAT activity is generally considered beneficial for mammalian metabolism and has been associated with favorable health outcomes. The aim of the current systematic review was to explore whether nutritional factors and/or diet affect human BAT activity. Methods: We searched PubMed Central, Embase and Cochrane Library (trials) to conduct this systematic review (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018082323). Results: We included 24 eligible papers that studied a total of 2785 participants. We found no mean differences in standardized uptake value of BAT following a single meal or after 6 weeks of L-Arginine supplementation. Resting energy expenditure (REE), however, was increased following a single meal and after supplementation of capsinoid and catechin when compared to a control condition (Z = 2.41, p = 0.02; mean difference = 102.47 (95% CI = 19.28–185.67)). Conclusions: Human BAT activity was not significantly affected by nutrition/diet. Moreover, REE was only increased in response to a single meal, but it is unlikely that this was due to increased BAT activity. BAT activity assessments in response to the chronic effect of food should be considered along with other factors such as body composition and/or environmental temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors that Stimulate Changes in Brown and/or White Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Activity)
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