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Nutrients
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The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Diet in Metabolic...
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The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Diet in Metabolic Dysfunctions

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2021) | Viewed by 6998

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amedeo Amedei

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Clinical Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Interests: adaptative immune response; microbiota; autoimmune diseases; gastrointestinal disorders and cancers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic disorders are linked to a chronic, systemic, and low-grade inflammation, which is responsible for an increased risk of type II diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging findings suggests that different diets and, in particular, the macro-, micro-, and non-nutrient composition of the diets may influence metabolic functions and lead to an inflammation status. In addition, since more studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota is very sensitive to diet composition and is involved, through a molecular crosstalk, in the maintenance of host energy homeostasis, the evidence for a strong contribution of intestinal dysbiosis to the onset of metabolic dysfunctions is growing.

Hence, the purpose of this Special Issue is to provide an updated overview of the strict relationship between diet, gut microbiota and metabolic dysfunctions in order to better understand the complex aetiology of these disorders and develop innovative intervention strategies that may interrupt/contrast the pathogenic mechanisms which support metabolic diseases.

Prof. Dr. Amedeo Amedei
Guest editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic dysfunctions
  • microbiota
  • diet
  • gastrointestinal disorders
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 780 KiB  
Article
Glucagon Shows Higher Sensitivity than Insulin to Grapeseed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) Treatment in Cafeteria-Fed Rats
by Carme Grau-Bové, Iris Ginés, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, Ximena Terra, MTeresa Blay, Montserrat Pinent and Anna Ardévol
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041084 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas plays a key role in metabolism. Procyanidins (GSPE) targets β-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing cells; however, there is no information on the effects of GSPE on glucagon. We performed GSPE preventive treatments administered to Wistar rats before or at the [...] Read more.
The endocrine pancreas plays a key role in metabolism. Procyanidins (GSPE) targets β-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing cells; however, there is no information on the effects of GSPE on glucagon. We performed GSPE preventive treatments administered to Wistar rats before or at the same time as they were fed a cafeteria diet during 12 or 17 weeks. We then measured the pancreatic function and GLP-1 production. We found that glucagonemia remains modified by GSPE pre-treatment several weeks after the treatment has finished. The animals showed a higher GLP-1 response to glucose stimulation, together with a trend towards a higher GLP-1 receptor expression in the pancreas. When the GSPE treatment was administered every second week, the endocrine pancreas behaved differently. We show here that glucagon is a more sensitive parameter than insulin to GSPE treatments, with a secretion that is highly linked to GLP-1 ileal functionality and dependent on the type of treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Diet in Metabolic Dysfunctions)
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14 pages, 1694 KiB  
Article
Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease
by Simone Baldi, Marta Menicatti, Giulia Nannini, Elena Niccolai, Edda Russo, Federica Ricci, Marco Pallecchi, Francesca Romano, Matteo Pedone, Giovanni Poli, Daniela Renzi, Antonio Taddei, Antonino S. Calabrò, Francesco C. Stingo, Gianluca Bartolucci and Amedeo Amedei
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030742 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3908
Abstract
Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with [...] Read more.
Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC–MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Diet in Metabolic Dysfunctions)
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