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Nanotechnology Applied to the Effects of Nutrients on Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2022) | Viewed by 8045

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Interests: nanomedicine; drug delivery; transdermal delivery; obesity, diabetes; chronic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many nutrients, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds have the potential to prevent or even treat chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, certain cancers, chronic respiratory disease, chronic liver disease, chronic inflammatory conditions, and more. However, their low levels of aqueous solubility, stability, bioavailability, and target specificity, and high levels of side effects including hepatic metabolism, and toxicity if taken at high doses, restrict their applications in combating chronic diseases that need regular doses for long periods. Encapsulation of these nutrients and compounds into biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles provides a very promising route to overcome these limitations. Nanoencapsulation can significantly increase their aqueous solubility and stability, improve their absorption and bioavailability, protect them from degradation, render their sustained release, prolong their circulation time, and enhance the permeation and retention effect in disease tissues. More importantly, nanoparticles coated with targeting ligands can deliver the encapsulated payload into specific cells or tissues, resulting in a high level of preventive or therapeutic efficacy and a low level of toxicity and side effects.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Nanotechnology Applied to the Effects of Nutrients on Chronic Diseases”, welcomes the submission of manuscripts reporting original research or reviewing the scientific literature. Articles investigating effects of nanoparticle-assisted delivery of nutrients, phytochemicals and bioactive compounds on any type of chronic diseases are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Shu Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nanotechnology
  • nutrients
  • nanoparticles
  • nutraceuticals
  • bioactivities
  • bioavailability
  • chronic diseases
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • fatty liver disease
  • metabolic disorders

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2045 KiB  
Article
Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides-Coated Paclitaxel-Casein Nanoparticles with Enhanced Stability and Antitumor Activity
by Man Wang, Yahui Zhang, Zuqi Fei, Dongchao Xie, Haihua Zhang, Qizhen Du and Peng Jin
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 3888; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193888 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2070
Abstract
This study aims to develop specific-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides-coated paclitaxel-loaded casein nanoparticles (HA-PT-Cas NPs) via chemical conjugation to increase the stability and antitumor effects. Optimized HA-PT-Cas NPs (HA/casein of 3:1) were obtained with a mean size of 235.3 nm and entrapment efficiency of [...] Read more.
This study aims to develop specific-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides-coated paclitaxel-loaded casein nanoparticles (HA-PT-Cas NPs) via chemical conjugation to increase the stability and antitumor effects. Optimized HA-PT-Cas NPs (HA/casein of 3:1) were obtained with a mean size of 235.3 nm and entrapment efficiency of 93.1%. HA-PT-Cas exhibited satisfactory stability at 4 °C for 12 days and 37 °C for 3 h; paclitaxel was retained at rates of 81.4% and 64.7%, respectively, significantly higher than those of PT-Cas (only 27.8% at 4 °C after 16 h and 20.3% at 37 °C after 3 h). HA-PT-Cas exhibited high efficiency (61.3%) in inhibiting A375 tumor owing to the enhanced stability of HA oligosaccharides barrier, which was comparable with that of 10 μg/mL cis-platinum (64.9%). Mice experiments showed the 74.6% tumor inhibition of HA-PT-Cas by intravenously administration, significantly higher than that of PT-casein (39.8%). Therefore, this work provides an effective carrier for drug delivery via HA oligomers-coated modification. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 1628 KiB  
Review
The Commonly Used Stabilizers for Phytochemical-Based Nanoparticles: Stabilization Effects, Mechanisms, and Applications
by Fang Zhou, Tiffany Peterson, Zhaoyang Fan and Shu Wang
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3881; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183881 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1940
Abstract
Phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin, have many benefits for health, but most of them have a low bioavailability due to their poor water solubility and stability, quick metabolism, and clearance, which restricts the scope of their potential applications. To overcome these [...] Read more.
Phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin, have many benefits for health, but most of them have a low bioavailability due to their poor water solubility and stability, quick metabolism, and clearance, which restricts the scope of their potential applications. To overcome these issues, different types of nanoparticles (NPs), especially biocompatible and biodegradable NPs, have been developed. NPs can carry phytochemicals and increase their solubility, stability, target specificity, and oral bioavailability. However, NPs are prone to irreversible aggregation, which leads to NP instability and loss of functions. To remedy this shortcoming, stabilizers like polymers and surfactants are incorporated on NPs. Stabilizers not only increase the stability of NPs, but also improve their characteristics. The current review focused on discussing the state of the art in research on synthesizing phytochemical-based NPs and their commonly employed stabilizers. Furthermore, stabilizers in these NPs were also discussed in terms of their applications, effects, and underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to provide more references for developing stabilizers and NPs for future research. Full article
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21 pages, 356 KiB  
Review
Tackling Dyslipidemia in Obesity from a Nanotechnology Perspective
by Laura M. Trandafir, Gianina Dodi, Otilia Frasinariu, Alina C. Luca, Lacramioara I. Butnariu, Elena Tarca and Stefana M. Moisa
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183774 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3336
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemia are the main features of metabolic syndrome, expressed mainly by adipose tissue dysfunction and connected by similar pathways and pharmacotherapy. Conventional drugs used in these two associated disorders are limited due to poor drug efficiency, non-specificity, and toxic side effects. [...] Read more.
Obesity and dyslipidemia are the main features of metabolic syndrome, expressed mainly by adipose tissue dysfunction and connected by similar pathways and pharmacotherapy. Conventional drugs used in these two associated disorders are limited due to poor drug efficiency, non-specificity, and toxic side effects. Therefore, novel solutions for tackling obesity-associated diseases and providing insights into the development of innovative or improved therapies are necessary. Targeted nanotherapy is a revolutionary technology, offering a promising solution for combatting the disadvantages of currently available therapies for treating obesity and dyslipidemia due to its superior features, which include specific cell targeting, the protection of drugs against physiological degradation, and sustained drug release. This review presents a brief assessment of obesity and dyslipidemia, their impacts on human health, current treatment, and limitations, and the role and potential use of nanotechnology coupled with targeted drug delivery and nutraceuticals as emerging therapies. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents, for the first time in the literature, a comparison between obesity and dyslipidemia nano-formulations based on drugs and/or natural extracts applied in experimental studies. Full article
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