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Nutrients
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Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health
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Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2020) | Viewed by 40503

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Michael Skilton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: nutrition; life course; cardiovascular diseases; non-communicable diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is widely accepted that nutrition can positively or adversely affect an individual’s risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. However, numerous questions about the ideal diet(s) for optimal cardiometabolic health remain, with fierce debate regarding macronutrient profiles, protein sources (e.g., animal and plant), carbohydrate quality, and food processing (and ultra-processing) to name a few. Furthermore, the quality of evidence required to inform guidelines is under increasing scrutiny.

This Special Issue of Nutrients seeks to encourage broad and open-evidence-based discussion on nutrition and cardiometabolic health. All relevant work will be considered, including basic science, clinical nutrition, and public health epidemiology. Topics of particular interest include studies that utilize a holistic or integrative approach to health, life course research, post-prandial cardiometabolic (including vascular) profiling, and research that places nutrition and cardiometabolic health within the challenging context of recent disruptive events (such as the COVID-19 pandemic or Australian bushfires).

Prof. Michael Skilton
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • cardiovascular disease
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • vascular health
  • life course
  • integrative medicine

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2244 KiB  
Article
Attenuating Effects of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Changes to Osteoblastic Cells and Vascular Calcification Induced by High Fat Diet
by Myeongjoo Son, Seyeon Oh, Ji Tae Jang, Chul-Hyun Park, Kuk Hui Son and Kyunghee Byun
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2777; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092777 - 11 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2764
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products/receptor for AGEs (AGEs/RAGEs) or Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype changes in osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification. We analyzed the effect of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) or pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) on VSMC phenotype changes [...] Read more.
Advanced glycation end products/receptor for AGEs (AGEs/RAGEs) or Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype changes in osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification. We analyzed the effect of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) or pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) on VSMC phenotype changes and vascular calcification prompted by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD unregulated RAGE, TLR4, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), protein kinase C (PKC), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signals in the aorta of mice. ECE and PPB restored the increase of those signal pathways. AGE- or palmitate-treated VSMC indicated similar changes with the animal. HFD increased osteoblast-like VSMC, which was evaluated by measuring core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFα-1) and osteocalcin expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the aorta. ECE and PPB reduced vascular calcification, which was analyzed by the calcium deposition ratio, and Alizarin red S stain was increased by HFD. PPB and ECE reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, which increased by HFD. PPB and ECE reduced the phenotype changes of VSMC to osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification and therefore lowered the blood pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health)
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Review

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24 pages, 707 KiB  
Review
Fat, Sugar or Gut Microbiota in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk: Does Diet Type Really Matter?
by Katarzyna Nabrdalik, Katarzyna Krzyżak, Weronika Hajzler, Karolina Drożdż, Hanna Kwiendacz, Janusz Gumprecht and Gregory Y. H. Lip
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020639 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4079
Abstract
The incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, is constantly rising. Successful lifestyle changes may limit their incidence, which is why researchers focus on the role of nutrition in this context. The outcomes of studies carried out in past [...] Read more.
The incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, is constantly rising. Successful lifestyle changes may limit their incidence, which is why researchers focus on the role of nutrition in this context. The outcomes of studies carried out in past decades have influenced dietary guidelines, which primarily recommend reducing saturated fat as a therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease prevention, while limiting the role of sugar due to its harmful effects. On the other hand, a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) as a method of treatment remains controversial. A number of studies on the effect of LCDs on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus proved that it is a safe and effective method of dietary management. As for the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the source of carbohydrates and fats corresponds with the mortality rate and protective effect of plant-derived components. Additionally, some recent studies have focused on the gut microbiota in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and diet as one of the leading factors affecting microbiota composition. Unfortunately, there is still no precise answer to the question of which a single nutrient plays the most important role in reducing cardiometabolic risk, and this review article presents the current state of the knowledge in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health)
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14 pages, 943 KiB  
Review
Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
by Yi-Jie Wang, Tzu-Lin Yeh, Ming-Chieh Shih, Yu-Kang Tu and Kuo-Liong Chien
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 2934; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102934 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 96 | Viewed by 14140
Abstract
Dietary sodium intake has received considerable attention as a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence on the dose-response association between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk is unclear. Embase and PubMed were searched from their inception to 17 August 2020 [...] Read more.
Dietary sodium intake has received considerable attention as a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence on the dose-response association between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk is unclear. Embase and PubMed were searched from their inception to 17 August 2020 and studies that examined the association between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease in adolescents were not included in this review. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of high sodium intake using a random effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment was performed. A random-effects dose-response model was used to estimate the linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explain the observed heterogeneity. We identified 36 reports, which included a total of 616,905 participants, and 20 of these reports were also used for a dose-response meta-analysis. Compared with individuals with low sodium intake, individuals with high sodium intake had a higher adjusted risk of cardiovascular disease (Rate ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence intervals = 1.08–1.30). Our findings suggest that there is a significant linear relationship between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased up to 6% for every 1 g increase in dietary sodium intake. A low-sodium diet should be encouraged and education regarding reduced sodium intake should be provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health)
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23 pages, 1014 KiB  
Review
The Evolving Applications of Creatine Supplementation: Could Creatine Improve Vascular Health?
by Holly Clarke, Do-Houn Kim, Cesar A. Meza, Michael J. Ormsbee and Robert C. Hickner
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092834 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 18803
Abstract
Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of ergogenic benefits gained following dietary creatine supplementation; however, [...] Read more.
Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of ergogenic benefits gained following dietary creatine supplementation; however, recent findings have further indicated a potential therapeutic role for creatine in several pathologies such as myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disturbances, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy-related properties, such as serving as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Despite the therapeutic success of creatine supplementation in varying clinical populations, there is scarce information regarding the potential application of creatine for combatting the current leading cause of mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Taking into consideration the broad ergogenic and non-energy-related actions of creatine, we hypothesize that creatine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving vascular health in at-risk populations such as older adults or those with CVD. With an extensive literature search, we have found only four clinical studies that have investigated the direct effect of creatine on vascular health and function. In this review, we aim to give a short background on the pleiotropic applications of creatine, and to then summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health. Furthermore, we discuss the varying mechanisms by which creatine could benefit vascular health and function, such as the impact of creatine supplementation upon inflammation and oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health)
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