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Pathogens
Special Issues
Immune Response of the Host and Vaccine Development—2nd Edition
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Immune Response of the Host and Vaccine Development—2nd Edition

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Therapeutic Developments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 3198

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ewa Długosz

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Guest Editor
Division of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: host-parasite interacrions; immune modulation by helminths; toxocarosis; skin dirofilariosis; anti-parasitic vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Agnieszka Wesołowska

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Guest Editor
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: vaccines; immunology; host-parasite interactions; parasitology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccines are the key element to efficiently control infectious diseases. They offer what other treatments cannot accomplish—protection. Recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, thanks to the enormous commitment of researchers from around the world, tremendous progress has been achieved in vaccine development, especially in the field of virus-vectored and mRNA vaccines. Nonetheless, beyond the pandemic, various infectious diseases that we have been aware of for a long time remain dangerous. Successful immunoprophylactic strategies directed against multiple viruses, bacteria, and parasites are still desperately needed. Those pathogens elicit different immune mechanisms in their hosts. Immunization efficacy strictly depends on the proper activation of the host immune system, and therefore, these two aspects of vaccine research should be investigated in parallel. We hope that this Special Issue will offer new insights into the field and help to combine the knowledge on the immune response of the host with vaccine development. 

We invite our colleagues in science to submit original as well as review articles related to:

  • Immune response to pathogen infections;
  • Vaccine antigen identification and validation of its vaccine potential;
  • Vaccine formulations: whole pathogen, subunit, vectored, DNA, mRNA;
  • Vaccine delivery, i.e., edible vaccines;
  • Adjuvant use;
  • Host response to vaccination.

Dr. Ewa Długosz
Dr. Agnieszka Wesołowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunization
  • vaccine antigen
  • immune response
  • infectious diseases
  • vaccine development

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 660 KiB  
Article
Fasciola hepatica Excretory-Secretory Products (Fh-ES) Either Do Not Affect miRNA Expression Profile in THP-1 Macrophages or the Changes Are Undetectable by a Microarray Technique
by Piotr Bąska, Alicja Majewska, Wojciech Zygner, Ewa Długosz and Marcin Wiśniewski
Pathogens 2024, 13(10), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100854 - 1 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a liver fluke that resides in the bile ducts of various mammals. The parasitosis leads to economic losses in animal production estimated at USD 3.2 billion annually. It is also considered a zoonosis of great significance and a problem for [...] Read more.
Fasciola hepatica is a liver fluke that resides in the bile ducts of various mammals. The parasitosis leads to economic losses in animal production estimated at USD 3.2 billion annually. It is also considered a zoonosis of great significance and a problem for public health affecting 2.4 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, besides the negative aspects of infestation, the antigens released by the fluke, F. hepatica Excretory-Secretory Products (Fh-ES) contain several immunomodulatory molecules that may be beneficial during the course of type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, or septic shock. This phenomenon is based on the natural abilities of adult F. hepatica to suppress proinflammatory responses. To underline the molecular basis of these mechanisms and determine the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the process, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with Fh-ES, followed by miRNA microarray analyses. Surprisingly, no results indicating changes in the miRNA expression profile were noted (p < 0.05). We discuss potential reasons for these results, which may be due to insufficient sensitivity to detect slight changes in miRNA expression or the possibility that these changes are not regulated by miRNA. Despite the negative data, this work may contribute to the future planning of experiments by other researchers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response of the Host and Vaccine Development—2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 9398 KiB  
Article
Modifications of Mitochondrial Network Morphology Affect the MAVS-Dependent Immune Response in L929 Murine Fibroblasts during Ectromelia Virus Infection
by Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch, Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska, Pola Pruchniak, Małgorzata Gieryńska, Matylda Barbara Mielcarska, Zuzanna Biernacka, Zbigniew Wyżewski, Iwona Lasocka, Weronika Świtlik, Alicja Szepietowska, Patrycja Kukier, Aleksandra Kwiecień-Dębska and Jakub Kłęk
Pathogens 2024, 13(9), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090717 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 825
Abstract
Since smallpox vaccination was discontinued in 1980, there has been a resurgence of poxvirus infections, particularly the monkeypox virus. Without a global recommendation to use the smallpox vaccine, the population is not immune, posing a severe threat to public health. Given these circumstances, [...] Read more.
Since smallpox vaccination was discontinued in 1980, there has been a resurgence of poxvirus infections, particularly the monkeypox virus. Without a global recommendation to use the smallpox vaccine, the population is not immune, posing a severe threat to public health. Given these circumstances, it is crucial to understand the relationship between poxviruses and their hosts. Therefore, this study focuses on the ectromelia virus, the causative agent of mousepox, which serves as an excellent model for studying poxvirus pathogenesis. Additionally, we investigated the role of mitochondria in innate antiviral immunity during ECTV infection, focusing specifically on mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. The study used a Moscow strain of ECTV and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Cells were treated with ECTV and chemical modulators of mitochondrial network: Mdivi-1 and CCCP. Our investigation revealed that an elongated mitochondrial network attenuates the suppression of MAVS-dependent immunity by ECTV and reduces ECTV replication in L929 fibroblasts compared to cells with an unaltered mitochondrial network. Conversely, a fragmented mitochondrial network reduces the number of progeny virions while increasing the inhibition of the virus-induced immune response during infection. In conclusion, our study showed that modifications of mitochondrial network morphology alter MAVS-dependent immunity in ECTV-infected mouse L929 fibroblasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response of the Host and Vaccine Development—2nd Edition)
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Review

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16 pages, 708 KiB  
Review
Geohelminths: Use in the Treatment of Selected Human Diseases
by Magdalena Szuba, Weronika Stachera, Adrianna Piwko, Marianna Misiak, Renata Rutkevich, Marcin Sota, Lana Atrushi, Leyla Bennacer, Deborah Nzekea, Yen Ching Wu, Arya Taesung Kim, Subin Yu, Nash Ribeiro and Monika Dybicz
Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080703 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 950
Abstract
Research on the therapeutic use of parasites has been ongoing since the development of the “hygiene hypothesis”. Parasites can stimulate the Th2-dependent response and suppress the Th1-dependent response, which is intensified in many diseases, especially allergic and autoinflammatory ones. In this review, we [...] Read more.
Research on the therapeutic use of parasites has been ongoing since the development of the “hygiene hypothesis”. Parasites can stimulate the Th2-dependent response and suppress the Th1-dependent response, which is intensified in many diseases, especially allergic and autoinflammatory ones. In this review, we present the types of parasites used in helminth therapy and the range of diseases in which they may be useful. We also present the results of clinical trials conducted so far, which confirm the safety of such therapy and provide promising outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response of the Host and Vaccine Development—2nd Edition)
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