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Pathogens
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Hospital-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Resistance
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Hospital-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Resistance

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 1566

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gabriele Bianco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
Interests: carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant threat to global health. Medical advances in the field of chronic diseases as well as the ageing of the human population have led to an increase in individuals requiring hospitalisation and presenting risk factors for infections. In addition, the antimicrobial resistance crisis complicates the therapeutic management of infected patients, with a consequent negative impact on morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. The characterisation of risk factors associated with HAIs, epidemiology, and related aspects of diagnosis and therapy are of crucial importance for scientific progress in the field of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases.

This Special Issue will publish up-to-date data on the epidemiology or clinical aspects of HAIs, antimicrobial resistance, in vivo and in vitro activities of new antimicrobials, the development of new drugs or therapeutic strategies, and rapid diagnostic testing.

Dr. Gabriele Bianco
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • human infection
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • susceptibility testing
  • multi drug resistance
  • hospital outbreak
  • rapid diagnostic testing

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1583 KiB  
Article
The Role of Stratified Cumulative Antibiograms in the (Choice of Appropriate Antibiotics in Urinary Tract Infection) Management of Urinary Tract Infections
by Vaclava Adamkova, Michaela Matouskova, Vanda Gabriela Adamkova, Michal Huptych and Marcela Fontana
Pathogens 2025, 14(2), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020141 - 3 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial diseases both in communities and in hospitalized patients, and at the same, time they are one of the most common indications for the use of antibiotics. UTI guidelines are generally available nationally [...] Read more.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial diseases both in communities and in hospitalized patients, and at the same, time they are one of the most common indications for the use of antibiotics. UTI guidelines are generally available nationally or internationally, but they do not address all aspects of UTI treatment for different patient cohorts, age, gender, or comorbidities. The aim of the study was to point out the importance of stratified cumulative antibiograms at the level of individual health care facilities and the significant differences between epidemiological data, not only at the national level, but also at the local level. Our study analyses data from 383 patients with UTIs from a hospital department, General University Hospital (GUH), and 272 patients from an outpatient medical facility, Urocentrum (UC). This analysis focuses on the most common UTI causative agent, Escherichia coli, its representation as the causative agent of UTI in patients with complicated acute cystitis (N30), and its representation in complicated acute cystitis in patients with prostate cancer (C61). In addition to the frequency of occurrence, a sub-analysis of the incidence of resistance of E. coli to commonly used antibiotics by age, gender, diagnosis, and medical facility was performed. Results: The most common causative agent of UTI was E. coli. In patients with N30, it was 70% in GUH and 54% in UC, but in oncological patients with UTI, it was only 39% and 35%, respectively. In patients with UTI in C61, there was a significant difference in susceptibility of E. coli between individual health care facilities. Lower resistance was found in UC opposite to GUH isolates in ampicillin, with 29.8% vs. 65%, p = 0.001; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, with 8.5% vs. 30%, p = 0.01; with 2.1% vs. 17.5% in pivmecillinam, p = 0.01; with 10.6% vs. 37.5% in co-trimoxazole, p = 0.003; and ciprofloxacin, with 10.6% vs. 30%, p = 0.04. The study shows significant differences in the sensitivity of urinary E. coli isolates in patients in relation to age, gender, medical devices, and the presence of comorbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Resistance)
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15 pages, 2066 KiB  
Article
Epidemiology of Bacteremia in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and the Impact of Antibiotic Resistance on Mortality: Data from a Multicenter Study in Argentina
by Fabián Herrera, Diego Torres, Ana Laborde, Rosana Jordán, Lorena Berruezo, Inés Roccia Rossi, Noelia Mañez, Lucas Tula, María Laura Pereyra, Andrea Nenna, Patricia Costantini, José Benso, María Luz González Ibañez, María José Eusebio, Nadia Baldoni, Laura Alicia Barcán, Sandra Lambert, Martín Luck, Fernando Pasterán, Alejandra Corso, Melina Rapoport, Federico Nicola, María Cristina García Damiano, Renata Monge, Ruth Carbone, Mariana Reynaldi, Graciela Greco, Miriam Blanco, María Laura Chaves, Marcelo Bronzi and Alberto Carenaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 933; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110933 - 26 Oct 2024
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Abstract
The epidemiology of bacteremia and the antibiotic resistance profile (ARP) of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in hematological malignancies (HM) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients may differ according to geographic region. In addition, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) may impact mortality. This is a prospective, [...] Read more.
The epidemiology of bacteremia and the antibiotic resistance profile (ARP) of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in hematological malignancies (HM) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients may differ according to geographic region. In addition, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) may impact mortality. This is a prospective, observational, and multicenter study. The first episodes of bacteremia in adult patients with HM or HSCT were included. The risk factors for 30-day mortality were identified. One thousand two hundred and seventy-seven episodes were included (HM: 920; HSCT: 357). GNB were isolated in 60.3% of episodes, with Enterobacterales (46.9%) and P. aeruginosa (8.5%) being the most frequent. Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 41.9% of episodes, with coagulase-negative staphylococci (19.8%) and S. aureus (10.4%) being the most frequent. MDROs were isolated in 40.2% (24.4% GNB). The ARP of GNB in patients with HM vs. HSCT was cefepime: 36.8% vs. 45.7% (p = 0.026); piperacillin–tazobactam: 31.05% vs. 45.2% (p < 0.0001); carbapenems: 18.9% vs. 27.3% (p = 0.012); and aminoglycosides: 9.3% vs. 15.4% (p = 0.017), respectively. Overall mortality between patients with HM and HSCT was 17.5% vs. 17.6% (p = 0.951), respectively. The risk factors for mortality were relapsed and refractory underlying disease, corticosteroids use, respiratory source, septic shock, and GNB resistant to meropenem, while 7-day clinical response was a protective factor for survival. Bacteremia was frequently caused by GNB, with a large proportion of MDROs and a high level of antibiotic resistance, especially in patients with HSCT. Carbapenem-resistant GNB bacteremia was associated with a significant increase in mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Resistance)
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