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Pathogens
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 12408

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hyun-jin Shin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon 34134, Republic of Korea
Interests: virus; infection; pathogenesis; immune responses; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the current vaccine strategies used against PED across the world. There are many different commercialized PED vaccines available on the market, but the PED situation remains endemic in some countries. Additionally, the vaccine programs are very different from country to country, and from farm to farm. We need to clarify the efficacy of vaccines and determine which programs are best for addressing this economically important pathogen, discussing PED vaccines and vaccination programs in detail.

Dr. Hyun-jin Shin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • PED
  • vaccine type
  • vaccine program

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2195 KiB  
Article
Characteristics and Pathogenicity of the Cell-Adapted Attenuated Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus of the Non-S INDEL Cluster
by Thi Thu Hang Vu, Minjoo Yeom, Hyoungjoon Moon, Thi Nhan Tran, Van Phan Le and Daesub Song
Pathogens 2021, 10(11), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111479 - 13 Nov 2021
Viewed by 2946
Abstract
The high antigenic diversity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) means that porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a challenge for the global pig industry. Understanding the circulation of the virus to determine an optimal vaccine strategy is important in controlling the disease. In [...] Read more.
The high antigenic diversity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) means that porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a challenge for the global pig industry. Understanding the circulation of the virus to determine an optimal vaccine strategy is important in controlling the disease. In this study, we describe the genetic diversity of circulating PEDV based on the full sequences of spike genes of eight positive samples collected in Vietnam since 2018. Additionally, we developed a live attenuated vaccine candidate from the cell-adapted PEDV2 strain, which was continuously passaged until level 103 in VERO-CCL81 cells. PEDV2-p103, which belongs to the emerging non-S INDEL cluster, exhibited low virus shedding, did not induce lesions in the small intestine of challenged piglets, and had a high titer in the VERO-CCL81 cell at 48 h post-infection. These results suggest that the PEDV2-p103 strain could be a potential oral attenuated vaccine, and its immunogenicity and efficacy should be further assessed through in vivo tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus)
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12 pages, 2150 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Needle-Less Intradermal Vaccination against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
by SeEun Choe, Gyu-Nam Park, Sok Song, Jihye Shin, Van Phan Le, Van Giap Nguyen, Ki-Sun Kim, Hye Kwon Kim, Bang-Hun Hyun and Dong-Jun An
Pathogens 2021, 10(9), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091115 - 31 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2822
Abstract
To prevent diarrhea in suckling piglets infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) vaccines are administered mainly through intramuscular (IM) or oral routes. We found that growing pigs vaccinated with an inactivated PEDV vaccine via the intradermal (ID) route [...] Read more.
To prevent diarrhea in suckling piglets infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) vaccines are administered mainly through intramuscular (IM) or oral routes. We found that growing pigs vaccinated with an inactivated PEDV vaccine via the intradermal (ID) route had higher neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10) levels than non-vaccinated pigs. In addition, suckling piglets acquired lactogenic immunity from pregnant sows inoculated with an ID PED vaccine. We evaluated the efficacy of vaccination via this route, along with subsequent protection against virulent PEDV. At six days post-challenge, the survival rate of suckling piglets exposed to virulent PEDV was 70% for the ID group and 0% for the mock group (no vaccine). At necropsy, villi length in the duodenum and ileum of piglets with lactogenic immunity provided by ID-vaccinated sows proved to be significant (p < 0.05) when compared with those in piglets from mock group sows. Thus, vaccination using an inactivated PED vaccine via the ID route provides partial protection against infection by virulent PEDV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus)
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24 pages, 4570 KiB  
Article
Successful Eradication of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in an Enzootically Infected Farm: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study
by Guehwan Jang, Jonghyun Park and Changhee Lee
Pathogens 2021, 10(7), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070830 - 1 Jul 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3200
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has negatively affected the welfare of animals and their productivity in South Korea for three decades. A shortage of effective control measures has led to the virus becoming endemic in domestic pig populations. This study aimed to describe [...] Read more.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has negatively affected the welfare of animals and their productivity in South Korea for three decades. A shortage of effective control measures has led to the virus becoming endemic in domestic pig populations. This study aimed to describe how our intervention measures were implemented for PEDV elimination in an enzootically infected farm. We operated a risk assessment model of PEDV recurrence to obtain information about the virus itself, herd immunity, virus circulation, and biosecurity at the farm. Next, we conducted a four-pillar-based two-track strategy to heighten sow immunity and eradicate the virus, with longitudinal monitoring of immunity and virus circulation, involving strict biosecurity, prime-boost pre-farrow L/K/K immunization, all-in-all-out and disinfection practices in farrowing houses, and disinfection and gilt management in wean-to-finish barns. In particular, we observed a high prevalence and long-term survival of PEDV in slurries, posing a critical challenge to PED eradication and highlighting the necessity for consecutive testing of barn slurry samples and for the management of infected manure to control PEDV. Genetic analysis of PEDVs in this farm indicated that genetic drift continued in the spike gene, with a substitution rate of 1.683 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year. Our study underlines the need for active monitoring and surveillance of PEDV in herds and their environments, along with the coordinated means, to eliminate the virus and maintain a negative herd. The tools described in this study will serve as a framework for regional and national PED eradication programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus)
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10 pages, 1036 KiB  
Article
The Carboxy Terminal Region on Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Is Important for Evaluating Neutralizing Activity
by Ki-Jong Kang, Dong-Hwan Kim, Eui-Ju Hong and Hyun-Jin Shin
Pathogens 2021, 10(6), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060683 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2602
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated 62 sow sera samples from PED-vaccinated sows to compare the serum neutralizing test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We performed protein ELISA (pELISA) using fragments of spike proteins S1, S2, S3 and entire nucleocapsid proteins, and found [...] Read more.
In this study, we evaluated 62 sow sera samples from PED-vaccinated sows to compare the serum neutralizing test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We performed protein ELISA (pELISA) using fragments of spike proteins S1, S2, S3 and entire nucleocapsid proteins, and found a correlation between the SNT and ELISA in PEDV-vaccinated sera. Sera with higher neutralizing activity showed higher titers of IgG. In the antibody profiling, the neutralizing activities are correlated with the levels of the spike antibody, especially the S3 region. We confirmed that the carboxy-terminal region, including the endodomain of the S protein, induced stronger neutralizing activity than the ectodomain. This region of the S protein could be useful for evaluating PED vaccine efficacy, and it is a strong neutralizing epitope of PEDV. The S3 protein could be useful for evaluating PED vaccine efficacy, and it is a strong neutralizing epitope of PEDV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus)
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