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Photonics
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Visual Optics and Ophthalmology
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Visual Optics and Ophthalmology

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 17021

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pablo Pérez-Merino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Avda. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2. Medical Engineering Development and Innovation Center (MEDIC), Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 11, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: visual optics; biomedical optics; eye modelling; optical design; biophotonics; imaging systems; optical coherence tomography
Prof. Dr. Andres Vasquez Quintero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Microsystems Technology, Ghent University and imec. Technologiepark 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
Interests: stretchable electronics; implantable/wearable devices; wireless power transfer; smart ophthalmic devices; hybrid packaging
Prof. Dr. Jos J. Rozema

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building T4, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
Interests: visual optics; eye modelling; emmetropization; myopization; ocular biometry; intraocular lenses; keratoconus detection and correction; straylight

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past decade has seen the development of a large ecosystem of high-speed and high-resolution imaging techniques, three-dimensional spatial motion tracking processing tools, new methods in artificial intelligence and visual simulators. These allow new aspects of the eye to be revealed, and offer remarkable opportunities and challenges for personalized healthcare in ophthalmology.

To highlight this rapid and exciting scientific progress, we present a Special Issue of Photonics on “Visual Optics and Ophthalmology”, focusing on new and better ways to sense and correct refractive errors and high-order aberrations (e.g. presbyopia, cataract, myopia control and keratoconus), innovative imaging concepts with unprecedented sensitivity for anterior segment and retinal applications, automatic and semi-automatic image analysis methods, computer aided for diagnostic and treatment, novel sensitive biomarkers in ocular diseases or ocular biomarkers for systemic diseases, novel optical designs or implantable sensors in optical solutions, among other applications. For this, we call for the submission of multidisciplinary manuscripts in the fields of visual optics and ophthalmology, to provide a broad range of experimental, theoretical and clinical studies. Submissions could include original research papers, short communications and targeted reviews.

Dr. Pablo Pérez-Merino
Prof. Dr. Andres Vasquez Quintero
Prof. Dr. Jos J. Rozema
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vision science
  • optics of the eye and vision correction
  • ophthalmic diagnostics
  • ocular aberrations and adaptive optics
  • retinal imaging
  • ocular biometry
  • AR/VR in ophthalmology
  • computer-assisted surgical applications
  • ocular biomarkers
  • sensors integration in ophthalmic devices

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 495 KiB  
Article
Retinal Optical Quality of Multifocal Refractive and Monofocal Intraocular Lenses
by Francesco D’Oria, Ali Nowrouzi, Jorge L. Alio del Barrio, Francesco Versaci and Jorge L. Alio
Photonics 2021, 8(12), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120559 - 8 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2549
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical optical image quality following implantation with different premium IOLs by the analysis of the point spread function (PSF) Strehl ratio using a Pyramidal WaveFront-based sensor (PWS) aberrometer at two different pupil sizes. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical optical image quality following implantation with different premium IOLs by the analysis of the point spread function (PSF) Strehl ratio using a Pyramidal WaveFront-based sensor (PWS) aberrometer at two different pupil sizes. (2) Methods: This study included 96 eyes of 70 patients implanted with: (1) 19 AcrySof SA60AT (control group); (2) 24 LENTIS Mplus LS-313 MF30; (3) 33 LENTIS Mplus LS-313 MF15; and (4) 20 Precizon Presbyopic. Main outcome measures were PSF Strehl ratio, PSF Strehl ratio excluding second-order aberrations (PSFw2), total root-mean-square (RMS), and low- and high-order aberrations’ RMS measured by PWS aberrometer. Results: SA60AT had the highest significant PSFw2 Strehl ratio at both 3- and 4-mm pupil size (0.41 ± 0.11 and 0.28 ± 0.07) followed by LENTIS Mplus 15 (group C, 0.35 ± 0.1 and 0.21 ± 0.06) and a near tie between LENTIS MPLUS 30 (group B, 0.27 ± 0.08 and 0.18 ± 0.06) and Precizon Presbyopic (group D, 0.27 ± 0.07 and 0.17 ± 0.04). MPlus MF15 was found to be significantly better than MPlus MF30 at both 3.00 mm (p < 0.0001) and 4.00 mm (p = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: The PSFw2 represents a new tool to objectively evaluate the far distance retinal image quality of multifocal IOLs, and the far distance clinical image quality parameters measured by PWS aberrometer differed significantly according to the technology of the implanted lens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Optics and Ophthalmology)
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11 pages, 3285 KiB  
Article
Visual Adaptation to Scattering in Myopes
by José A. Villa-Carpes, Juan M. Bueno and Enrique J. Fernández
Photonics 2021, 8(7), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070274 - 13 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
Myopes exhibit a larger capability of adaptation to defocus. Adaptation produces a boost in visual performance that can be characterized through different metrics. The ability of myopes to adapt to other sources of blur, such as diffusion, has not been studied so far. [...] Read more.
Myopes exhibit a larger capability of adaptation to defocus. Adaptation produces a boost in visual performance that can be characterized through different metrics. The ability of myopes to adapt to other sources of blur, such as diffusion, has not been studied so far. In this work, a group of 20 myopes with normal vision underwent high-contrast visual acuity (VA) measurements under different viewing conditions, wearing their refractive correction with or without a diffuser (Bangerter filter, BF). VA decreased immediately after wearing the BF of density 0.6, showing a significant relationship with the ocular refraction. After 40 minutes of binocular vision through the BF, a statistically significant increase (p = 0.02) in VA from 0.54 to 0.62 in decimal scale (from 0.3 to 0.2 logMAR) was obtained. No correlation with the refraction was observed. After removing the diffuser, VA returned to baseline. A control group (17 subjects) underwent the same experimental protocol but without diffuser filters. No significant changes in VA were found in this group. We describe a new type of contrast adaptation to blur in myopes caused by scattering, rather than by defocus. The effects of low scattering levels in vision might be relevant in the analysis of early stage of cataract, amblyopia treatments, and myopia understanding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Optics and Ophthalmology)
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13 pages, 4306 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Refractive and Visual Outcomes after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (TransPRK) in Low versus Moderate Myopia
by Diego de Ortueta, Dennis von Rüden and Samuel Arba-Mosquera
Photonics 2021, 8(7), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070262 - 6 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3063
Abstract
Is it possible to obtain good results in myopia of 2 or fewer diopters (D) with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) changing the optical zone and epithelium thickness? We retrospectively analyzed two groups of 296 eyes with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Group [...] Read more.
Is it possible to obtain good results in myopia of 2 or fewer diopters (D) with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) changing the optical zone and epithelium thickness? We retrospectively analyzed two groups of 296 eyes with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Group A had 2 or less D, treated with an optical zone (OZ) 0.2 mm bigger than recommended, and a central epithelium thickness of 60 microns, and group B had 2 D to 5 D, with the recommended optical zone, and a 55-micron epithelium ablation at the center. The outcomes were not different between the two myopic ranges; the postop uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 ± 4 in both groups (p = 0.2), which was −0.3 ± 0.8 lines worse than the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity in both groups (p = 0.5). The safety of the treatments resulted in a change of 0.0 ± 0.7 lines in the low myopia group, versus a gain of +0.1 ± 0.8 lines in the moderate myopia group (p = 0.1). The deviation from the intended target was −0.04 ± 0.33 D in the low myopia group and +0.07 ± 0.32 D in the moderate myopia group (p < 0.0001); the postoperative spherical equivalent was 0.00 ± 0.33 D in the low myopia group and +0.10 ± 0.31 D in the moderate myopia group (p < 0.0001). The postop refractive astigmatism was 0.32 ± 0.16 D in both groups (p = 0.5). In conclusion, the refractive and visual outcomes after TransPRK are comparable in low myopia changing the optical zone and epithelium thickness versus moderate myopia with standard optical zone and epithelium thickness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Optics and Ophthalmology)
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10 pages, 913 KiB  
Article
Determination of Optic Axes by Corneal Topography among Italian, Brazilian, and Chinese Populations
by Bernardo T. Lopes, Ashkan Eliasy, Mohamed Elhalwagy, Riccardo Vinciguerra, Fangjun Bao, Paolo Vinciguerra, Renato Ambrósio, Jr., Ahmed Elsheikh and Ahmed Abass
Photonics 2021, 8(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020061 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2957
Abstract
This study aims to describe a new universal method to identify the relative three-dimensional directions of visual, pupillary, and optical axes of the eye and the angles between them using topography elevation data. The method was validated in a large clinical cohort, and [...] Read more.
This study aims to describe a new universal method to identify the relative three-dimensional directions of visual, pupillary, and optical axes of the eye and the angles between them using topography elevation data. The method was validated in a large clinical cohort, and ethnical differences were recorded. Topography elevation data were collected from 1992 normal eyes of 966 healthy participants in Italy, Brazil, and China. The three main axes were defined as follows: optical axis (OA) was defined as the optimal path of light that passes through the ocular system without refraction. The pupillary axis (PA) line was defined using X and Y coordinates of the pupil centre with the chamber depth, in addition to the centre of a sphere fitted to the central 3 mm diameter of the cornea. The visual axis (VA) was taken by its best approximation, the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex. The alpha angle was measured between the VA and OA, and the kappa angle between the VA and PA. The average values of kappa and alpha angles were 3.41 ± 2.84 and 6.04 ± 2.43 in the Italian population, 2.6 ± 1.53 and 5.87 ± 2.3 in the Brazilian population, and 2.09 ± 1.22 and 3.85 ± 1.48 in the Chinese population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Optics and Ophthalmology)
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15 pages, 7914 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Effect of Coma and Spherical Aberrations Translation on Refractive Error and Higher Order Aberrations
by Samuel Arba-Mosquera, Shwetabh Verma and Shady T. Awwad
Photonics 2020, 7(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040116 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4861
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of the study is to present a simple theoretical account of the effect of translation of coma and spherical aberrations (SA) on refractive error and higher order aberrations. (2) Methods: A computer software algorithm was implemented based on previously [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The purpose of the study is to present a simple theoretical account of the effect of translation of coma and spherical aberrations (SA) on refractive error and higher order aberrations. (2) Methods: A computer software algorithm was implemented based on previously published methods. The effect of translation (0 to +1 mm) was analyzed for SA (0 to +2 µm) and coma (0 to +2 µm) for a circular pupil of 6 mm, without any rotation or scaling effect. The relationship amongst Zernike representations of various aberrations was analyzed under the influence of translation. (3) Results: The translation of +0.40 µm of SA (C[4,0]) by +0.25 mm with a pupil diameter of 6mm resulted in induction of tilt (C[1,1]), −0.03D defocus (C[2,0]), +0.03D astigmatism (C[2,2]) and +0.21 µm coma (C[3,1]). The translation of +0.4 µm of coma (C[3,1]) by +0.25 mm with a pupil diameter of 6 mm resulted in induction of tilt (C[1,1]), −0.13D defocus (C[2,0]) and +0.13D astigmatism (C[2,2]). A theoretical quantitative relationship between SA, coma, astigmatism and defocus is presented under the influence of translation. (4) Conclusion: The results can act as a guide for the clinician, in order to readily assess theoretical impact of wavefront map translation from pupil center to the visual axis. The resultant refractive coupling has to be taken into consideration especially when treating eyes with an abnormal corneal shape and/or large pupil center to corneal vertex chord. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Optics and Ophthalmology)
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