Crop Improvement by Modern Breeding Strategies

Dear Colleagues,

Accelerating climate change, human population growth, and the degradation of agricultural soils are present-day global challenges that cause food insecurity and necessitate constant innovations in crop improvement. The response to predicted future and existing food scarcity lies in producing more high-quality agricultural products while addressing frequent and unpredictable abiotic and biotic stresses. Conventional breeding methods, while foundational, are no longer sufficient to meet the rapidly evolving demands placed on agriculture. By integrating cutting-edge technologies such as advanced imaging and data analytics for phenotyping, advanced computational tools (e.g., AI and machine learning) for predictive breeding, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection, CRISPR-based genome editing to fine-tune specific traits with high precision, RNA interference (RNAi) for silencing specific genes to reduce unwanted trait expression, doubled haploidy for producing uniform progeny in one generation, and speed breeding, researchers and breeders are developing crops with superior traits of interest—high-performing crops that also demonstrate plasticity and wide adaptability. Modern breeding strategies have already significantly improved crop productivity, resilience, and nutritional quality, leading to the development of disease- and drought-tolerant varieties for staple crops. However, genetic modifications used in modern breeding have raised concerns among consumers. The controversy surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops is one of the most contentious debates in modern agriculture, science, and public policy. Critics of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) express concerns about environmental impacts, human health risks, and ethical issues, leading to a polarized public discourse. Although genetic modification holds promise for addressing global food security challenges, these debates highlight the need for transparency and responsible regulation. Addressing and overcoming the issues related to agricultural biotechnology, while ensuring the progress of breeding superior crops, remains one of the most important challenges for modern agriculture. Therefore, this Special Issue invites research on advanced breeding methods, alongside case studies and practical applications, encouraging readers to engage with the innovative techniques and genetic tools shaping the future of crop improvement, and fostering sustainable and resilient food systems for a growing global population.

Dr. Tomislav Duvnjak
Dr. Aleksandra Sudarić
Dr. Maja Matoša Kočar
Guest Editors

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• crop improvement
• breeding
• biotechnology
• agricultural innovation
• sustainable agriculture