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Polymers
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Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization
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Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Fibers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 9931

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yinsong Si

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Interests: synthesis of nanoporous photocatalysts; photocatalytic hydrogen production; microsphere-nanofiber composites; biomimetic catalytic structure; organic pollutants and wastewater treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrospun polymer nanofibrous materials have shown broad application prospects; this includes but is not limited to, use in aerospace, in energy and the environment, wearable smart fabrics, biomedical, and even military applications. The growing demand for these various applications motivates the development of the more advanced preparation, design, and characterization of electrospun polymer nanofibers and their fibrous aggregates. This Special Issue aims to report some of the pioneering work that is currently aiming to resolve the existing problems that hinder the practical applications of electrospun polymer nanofibers. Even a relatively small step forward in areas such as precise regulation, creating a green or simple preparation method, or developing an appropriate application could inspire or stimulate a large number of researchers to raise electrospinning technology to new heights. 

In general, research on all types of electrospinning polymer nanofibers, hybrid nanofibers, biomass nanofibers, smart nanofibers, and nanocomposites is invited by this Special Issue. The characterization of these materials from an innovative perspective in a way that refers to the various emerging applications is highly welcomed. 

Considering the prominent contributions to the field of electrospun polymer nanofibers that are to be made, you are invited to submit a paper to this Special Issue through the webpage of the journal (S.I. Electrospun polymer nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization). The submitted manuscripts will then be fast track reviewed. Research articles, review articles, as well as communications and letters are also welcome. Letting us know of your interest in contributing a paper at your earliest convenience would be very much appreciated.

Dr. Yinsong Si
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrospinning polymer nanofibers
  • hybrid nanofibers
  • biomass nanofibers
  • smart nanofibers
  • nanocomposites
  • characterization
  • emerging applications

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3045 KiB  
Article
Optimization Design of a Multi-String Standing Wave Electrospinning Apparatus Based on Electric Field Simulations
by Xiaoqing Chen, Jiahao Liang, Xiang Tan, Jiazheng Ding, Wenyu Xie, Changgang Li and Yebin Cai
Polymers 2024, 16(16), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162330 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 709
Abstract
The mass production of uniform, high-quality polymer nanofibers remains a challenge. To enhance spinning yield, a multi-string standing wave electrospinning apparatus was developed by incorporating a string array into a standing wave electrospinning device. The process parameters such as string spacing, quantity, and [...] Read more.
The mass production of uniform, high-quality polymer nanofibers remains a challenge. To enhance spinning yield, a multi-string standing wave electrospinning apparatus was developed by incorporating a string array into a standing wave electrospinning device. The process parameters such as string spacing, quantity, and phase difference were optimized, and their effects on the electric field distribution within the spinning area were analyzed using electric field simulations. When the string spacing was less than 40 mm or the number of strings exceeded two, the electric field strength significantly decreased due to electric field interference. However, this interference could be effectively mitigated by setting the string standing wave phase difference to half a period. The optimal string array parameters were identified as string spacing of 40 mm, two strings, and a phase difference of half a period. Multi-string standing wave electrospinning produced fibers with diameters similar to those obtained with single-string standing wave electrospinning (178 ± 72 nm vs. 173 ± 48 nm), but the yield increased by 88.7%, reaching 2.17 g/h, thereby demonstrating the potential for the large-scale production of nanofibers. This work further refined the standing wave electrospinning process and provided valuable insights for optimizing wire-type electrospinning processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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16 pages, 5129 KiB  
Article
Piezoelectric Yield of Single Electrospun Poly(acrylonitrile) Ultrafine Fibers Studied by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Numerical Simulations
by Margherita Montorsi, Lorenzo Zavagna, Lorenzo Scarpelli, Bahareh Azimi, Simone Capaccioli, Serena Danti and Massimiliano Labardi
Polymers 2024, 16(10), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16101305 - 7 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 860
Abstract
Quantitative converse piezoelectric coefficient (d33) mapping of polymer ultrafine fibers of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), as well as of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a reference material, obtained by rotating electrospinning, was carried out by piezoresponse force microscopy in the constant-excitation frequency-modulation mode [...] Read more.
Quantitative converse piezoelectric coefficient (d33) mapping of polymer ultrafine fibers of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), as well as of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a reference material, obtained by rotating electrospinning, was carried out by piezoresponse force microscopy in the constant-excitation frequency-modulation mode (CE-FM-PFM). PFM mapping of single fibers reveals their piezoelectric activity and provides information on its distribution along the fiber length. Uniform behavior is typically observed on a length scale of a few micrometers. In some cases, variations with sinusoidal dependence along the fiber are reported, compatibly with a possible twisting around the fiber axis. The observed features of the piezoelectric yield have motivated numerical simulations of the surface displacement in a piezoelectric ultrafine fiber concerned by the electric field generated by biasing of the PFM probe. Uniform alignment of the piezoelectric axis along the fiber would comply with the uniform but strongly variable values observed, and sinusoidal variations were occasionally found on the fibers laying on the conductive substrate. Furthermore, in the latter case, numerical simulations show that the piezoelectric tensor’s shear terms should be carefully considered in estimations since they may provide a remarkably different contribution to the overall deformation profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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19 pages, 6269 KiB  
Article
A Finite Element Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats
by Jaymin Vrajlal Sanchaniya, Inga Lasenko, Valters Gobins, Alaa Kobeissi and Dmitri Goljandin
Polymers 2024, 16(6), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16060852 - 20 Mar 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
This study focuses on the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibrous mats, highlighting the importance of the characteristics of single nanofibers in determining the overall mechanical behavior of the mats. Recognizing the significant impacts of the diameter and structural properties of the nanofibers, this [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibrous mats, highlighting the importance of the characteristics of single nanofibers in determining the overall mechanical behavior of the mats. Recognizing the significant impacts of the diameter and structural properties of the nanofibers, this research introduces a novel methodology for deriving the effects of the mechanical properties of single nanofibers on the aggregate mechanical performance of electrospun oriented nanofiber mats. For this purpose, a finite element method (FEM) model is developed to simulate the elastoplastic response of the mats, incorporating the influence of structural parameters on mechanical properties. The validation of the FEM model against experimental data from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with different orientations demonstrates its effectiveness in capturing the elastic–plastic tensile behaviors of the material and confirms its accuracy in terms of reflecting the complex mechanical interactions within the nanofibrous mats. Through a detailed analysis of how nanofiber diameter, orientation of fibers, length-to-width ratio, and porosity affect the mechanical properties of the mats, this research provides valuable insights for the engineering of nanofibrous materials to meet specific mechanical requirements. These findings improve our understanding of nanofibrous mat structures, allowing for better performance in diverse applications as well as highlighting the critical importance of identifying the properties of single nanofibers and their associated impacts on material design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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13 pages, 3562 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun EVOH/Ti3C2 Composite Fibers
by Xiang Li and Qiao Xu
Polymers 2024, 16(5), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16050630 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1188
Abstract
In this work, the EVOH/Ti3C2 composite fibers were prepared via electrospinning and the effect of added Ti3C2 on the structure and properties of electrospun EVOH fibrous membranes was further investigated. The morphology, crystal structure, thermal properties, wettability, [...] Read more.
In this work, the EVOH/Ti3C2 composite fibers were prepared via electrospinning and the effect of added Ti3C2 on the structure and properties of electrospun EVOH fibrous membranes was further investigated. The morphology, crystal structure, thermal properties, wettability, tensile properties, as well as air permeability and water vapor permeability of as-prepared EVOH/Ti3C2 composite fibers were studied. The Ti3C2 is uniformly loaded onto the surface and inside the composite fiber and affects the fiber diameters. Furthermore, The Ti3C2 self-orients along the fiber axis and does not change the crystal structure of the electrospun EVOH fibers, improving the crystallinity and thermal stability of the electrospun EVOH/Ti3C2 fibrous membranes. With the increase in the Ti3C2 concentration in the electrospinning polymer solution, the addition of Ti3C2 not only rapidly improves the wettability of the fibrous membranes, but also enhances their air permeability, compared with the pristine electrospun EVOH fibrous membranes. The experimental results provide theoretical guidance for the preparation of Ti3C2 composite fibers, and also expand the application of electrospun EVOH and EVOH/Ti3C2 fibrous membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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12 pages, 2954 KiB  
Article
Multifunctional Silver Nanowire Fabric Reinforced by Hot Pressing for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Electric Heating, and Sensing
by Fangmeng Zeng, Yiqian Zheng, Yuxin Wei, Han Li, Qicai Wang, Jian Shi, Yong Wang and Xinghua Hong
Polymers 2023, 15(21), 4258; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214258 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1443
Abstract
Durability and multifunctionality are crucial considerations in the realm of electronic textiles. Herein, a hot-pressing process has been developed to enhance the fixation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, and electric heating properties of the hot-pressed [...] Read more.
Durability and multifunctionality are crucial considerations in the realm of electronic textiles. Herein, a hot-pressing process has been developed to enhance the fixation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, and electric heating properties of the hot-pressed fabric were measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hot-pressing process. The conductivity of the hot-pressed fabric (180 °C for 90 s) was found to be 464.2 S/m, while that of the fabric without hot pressing was 94.9 S/m. The washed hot-pressed fabric was able to provide a maximum electromagnetic shielding of 17 dB, a negative strain sensing performance (the ΔR/R0 of the hot-pressed fabric was maintained at −15%), and an outstanding electric heating property (the temperature reached 110 °C at a current of 0.08 A). This AgNW fabric holds great potential for use in multi-functional wearable devices, and the hot-pressing process improved its stability and durability, making it suitable for industrial production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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17 pages, 5188 KiB  
Article
Gentamicin Release Study in Uniaxial and Coaxial Polyhydroxybutyrate–Polyethylene Glycol–Gentamicin Microfibers Treated with Atmospheric Plasma
by Josselyne Transito-Medina, Edna Vázquez-Vélez, Marilú Chávez Castillo, Horacio Martínez and Bernardo Campillo
Polymers 2023, 15(19), 3889; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15193889 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1563
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ and one of the most important in the human body, and is constantly exposed to pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections; then, pharmacological administration is required. One of the basic medical methods for treating chronic wounds is to [...] Read more.
The skin is the largest organ and one of the most important in the human body, and is constantly exposed to pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections; then, pharmacological administration is required. One of the basic medical methods for treating chronic wounds is to use topical dressings with characteristics that promote wound healing. Fiber-based dressings mimic the local dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining an ideal wound-healing climate. This work proposes electrospun PHB/PEG polymeric microfibers as dressings for administering the antibiotic gentamicin directed at skin infections. PHB-PEG/gentamicin fibers were characterized before and after plasma treatment by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD. SEM was used to evaluate fiber morphology and yarn size. The plasma treatment improved the hydrophilicity of the PHB/PEG/gentamicin fibers. The release of gentamicin in the plasma-treated fibers was more sustained over time than in the untreated ones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 3073 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Ilmenite Nickel Titanite-Supported Carbon Nanofibers Derived from Polyvinylpyrrolidone as Photocatalyst for H2 Production from Ammonia Borane Photohydrolysis
by Ibrahim M. Maafa, Nasser Zouli, Ahmed Abutaleb, Ayman Yousef, Isam Y. Qudsieh, Saleh M. Matar, Abdel Samed M. Adam and M. M. El-Halwany
Polymers 2023, 15(15), 3262; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153262 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
The present study involves the synthesis of photocatalytic composite nanofibers (NFs) comprising ilmenite nickel titanite-supported carbon nanofibers (NiTiO3/TiO2@CNFs) using an electrospinning process. The photocatalytic composite NFs obtained were utilized in hydrogen (H2) production from the photohydrolysis of [...] Read more.
The present study involves the synthesis of photocatalytic composite nanofibers (NFs) comprising ilmenite nickel titanite-supported carbon nanofibers (NiTiO3/TiO2@CNFs) using an electrospinning process. The photocatalytic composite NFs obtained were utilized in hydrogen (H2) production from the photohydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). The experimental findings show that the photocatalytic composite NFs with a loading of 25 mg had a good catalytic performance for H2 generation, producing the stoichiometric H2 in 11 min using 1 mmol AB under visible light at 25 °C and 1000 rpm. The increase in catalyst load to 50, 75, and 100 mg leads to a corresponding reduction in the reaction time to 7, 5, and 4 min. The findings from the kinetics investigations suggest that the rate of the photohydrolysis reaction is directly proportional to the amount of catalyst in the reaction system, adhering to a first-order reaction rate. Furthermore, it was observed that the reaction rate remains unaffected by the concentration of AB, thereby suggesting a reaction of zero order. Increasing the reaction temperature results in a decrease in the duration of the photohydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, an estimated activation energy value of 35.19 kJ mol−1 was obtained. The composite nanofibers demonstrated remarkable and consistent effectiveness throughout five consecutive cycles. The results suggest that composite NFs possess the capacity to function as a feasible substitute for costly catalysts in the process of H2 generation from AB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Design, and Characterization)
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