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Processes
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Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels
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Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 May 2024) | Viewed by 8632

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Runxia Cai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Interests: chemical looping; CFD simulation; reactor design and optimization; gas–solid heat transfer; thermal energy storage
Dr. Xiwei Ke

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100089, China
Interests: fluidized bed combustion; multiphase flow modeling; reactor scaling-up; heterogeneous reaction kinetics; fuel thermal conversion; bioenergy utilization
Dr. Markus Engblom

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
Interests: biomass conversion; computational fluid dynamics; chemical kinetics; emissions; fluidized bed combustion; black liquor; black liquor recovery boilers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gas–solid reaction vessels (e.g., fluidized beds, fixed beds, moving beds, etc.) are widely used in many industrial areas, such as chemical engineering, power engineering, or metallurgy. Reactor modeling, a powerful tool for understanding the performance of the process via simulating operating conditions outside the experimentally tested ranges, has increasingly developed into an irreplaceable part of the design, scale-up, and optimization of different reaction systems. Recently, modeling reaction vessels with sophisticated geometrical configurations and complex chemical reaction systems is also becoming feasible with the development of numerical methodologies and computational facilities.

This Special Issue of Processes, “Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels” aims to present the latest achievements in modeling associated with various gas–solid reaction vessels and address the current challenges in industrial applications. Modeling topics include but are not limited to hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, looping processes, energy conversion and storage, combustion and gasification, pollution control, CO2 capture, and other technologies associated with the gas–solid reaction vessels.

Dr. Runxia Cai
Dr. Xiwei Ke
Dr. Markus Engblom
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gas-solid flow
  • reactor modeling
  • methodologies
  • hydrodynamics
  • heat and mass transfer
  • looping processes
  • energy conversion and storage
  • combustion and gasification
  • CO2 capture and utilization

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2591 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Field Experimental Study of Combustion Characteristics of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas
by Chen Sun, Tiantian Wang, Pengtao Wang, Yi Zhang, Chong Cui, Yanghui Lu, Wei Liu, Yangxin Zhang and Yang Zhang
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1325; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071325 - 26 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1419
Abstract
For the safe and efficient utilization of hydrogen-enriched natural gas combustion in industrial gas-fired boilers, the present study adopted a combination of numerical simulation and field tests to investigate its adaptability. Firstly, the combustion characteristics of hydrogen-enriched natural gas with different hydrogen blending [...] Read more.
For the safe and efficient utilization of hydrogen-enriched natural gas combustion in industrial gas-fired boilers, the present study adopted a combination of numerical simulation and field tests to investigate its adaptability. Firstly, the combustion characteristics of hydrogen-enriched natural gas with different hydrogen blending ratios and equivalence ratios were evaluated by using the Chemkin Pro platform. Secondly, a field experimental study was carried out based on the WNS2-1.25-Q gas-fired boiler to investigate the boiler’s thermal efficiency, heat loss, and pollutant emissions after hydrogen addition. The results show that at the same equivalence ratio, with the hydrogen blending ratio increasing from 0% to 25%, the laminar flame propagation speed of the fuel increases, the extinction strain rate rises, and the combustion limit expands. The laminar flame propagation speed of premixed methane/air gas reaches the maximum value when the equivalence ratio is 1.0, and the combustion intensity of the flame is the highest at this time. In the field tests, as the hydrogen blending ratio increases from 0% to nearly 10% with the increasing excess air ratio, the boiler’s thermal efficiency decreases as well as the NOx emission. This indicates that there exists a tradeoff between the boiler thermal efficiency and NOx emission in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels)
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14 pages, 2351 KiB  
Article
NO and CO Emission Characteristics of Laminar and Turbulent Counterflow Premixed Hydrogen-Rich Syngas/Air Flames
by Lei Cheng, Yanming Chen, Yebin Pei, Guozhen Sun, Jun Zou, Shiyao Peng and Yang Zhang
Processes 2024, 12(3), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12030475 - 26 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1003
Abstract
Burning hydrogen-rich syngas fuels derived from various sources in combustion equipment is an effective pathway to enhance energy security and of significant practical implications. Emissions from the combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels have been a main concern in both academia and industry. In this [...] Read more.
Burning hydrogen-rich syngas fuels derived from various sources in combustion equipment is an effective pathway to enhance energy security and of significant practical implications. Emissions from the combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels have been a main concern in both academia and industry. In this study, the NO and CO emission characteristics of both laminar and turbulent counterflow premixed hydrogen-rich syngas/air flames were experimentally and numerically studied. The results showed that for both laminar and turbulent counterflow premixed flames, the peak NO mole fraction increased as the equivalence ratio increased from 0.6 to 1.0 and decreased as the strain rate increased. Compared with the laminar flames at the same bulk flow velocity, turbulent flames demonstrated a lower peak NO mole fraction but broader NO formation region. Using the analogy theorem, a one-dimensional turbulent counterflow flame model was established, and the numerical results indicated that the small-scale turbulence-induced heat and mass transport enhancements significantly affected NO emission. Considering NO formation at the same level of fuel consumption, the NO formation of the turbulent flame was significantly lower than that of the laminar flame at the same level of fuel consumption, implying that the turbulence-induced heat and mass transfer enhancement favored NOx suppression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels)
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21 pages, 7285 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Simulation Study into the Effect of Longitudinal and Transverse Pitch on Deposition of Zhundong Coal Ash on Tube Bundles
by Zipeng Guo, Jianbo Li, Yintang Liang, Xiaofei Long, Xiaofeng Lu and Dongke Zhang
Processes 2024, 12(1), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010178 - 12 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 882
Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic deposition behavior of Na-enriching Zhundong coal ash on tube bundles with varying longitudinal and transverse pitches was numerically studied. By using a modified critical viscosity model, an improved CFD deposition model has been established and key parameters, including [...] Read more.
In this paper, the dynamic deposition behavior of Na-enriching Zhundong coal ash on tube bundles with varying longitudinal and transverse pitches was numerically studied. By using a modified critical viscosity model, an improved CFD deposition model has been established and key parameters, including deposit mass and morphology, particle trajectories and impaction and sticking probabilities, as well as the heat flux distribution, have been analyzed. The results show that the ash deposited on tubes in the first row is, respectively, 1.74 and 3.80 times higher than that on the second and third rows, proving that ash deposition in the downstream is lessened. As the longitudinal pitch increased from 1.50 D to 2.50 D, deposit mass in the downstream increased two times, suggesting that an increase in longitudinal pitch would aggravate ash deposition. The effect of transverse pitch, however, with the least deposit propensity at St/D = 1.75, is non-linear due to the joint effect of adjacent tubes and walls in affecting particle trajectory. In addition, due to the non-uniform distribution of the deposit, heat flux across the tube is the smallest at the stagnation point but becomes six times higher at two sides and the leeward, which makes the thermal damage of these sides to be warranted as a practical concern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels)
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18 pages, 3257 KiB  
Article
Continuous DeNOx Technology for Improved Flexibility and Reliability of 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Plants: Engineering Design, Optimization, and Environmental Benefits
by Xinrong Yan, Jianle He, Dong Guo, Yang Zhang, Xiwei Ke, Hongliang Xiao, Chenghang Zheng and Xiang Gao
Processes 2024, 12(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010056 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1355
Abstract
This study endeavors to enhance the operational efficiency of extant coal-fired power plants to mitigate the adverse environmental impact intrinsic to the prevalent utilization of coal-fired power generation, which is particularly dominant in China. It focuses on the assessment and optimization of continuous [...] Read more.
This study endeavors to enhance the operational efficiency of extant coal-fired power plants to mitigate the adverse environmental impact intrinsic to the prevalent utilization of coal-fired power generation, which is particularly dominant in China. It focuses on the assessment and optimization of continuous denitrification systems tailored for a 1000 MW ultra-supercritical pulverized coal boiler. The extant denitrification framework encounters challenges during startup phases owing to diminished selective catalytic reduction (SCR) inlet flue gas temperatures. To ameliorate this, three retrofit schemes were scrutinized: direct mixing of high-temperature flue gas, bypass flue gas mixing, and high-temperature flue gas mixing with cold air. Each option underwent meticulous thermodynamic computations and comprehensive cost analyses. The findings elucidated that bypass flue gas mixing, involving the extraction and blending of high-temperature flue gas, emerged as the most financially prudent and practical recourse. This scheme optimizes fuel combustion heat utilization, significantly curtails fuel consumption, and fosters efficient internal heat transfer mechanisms within the boiler. The evaluation process meticulously considered safety parameters and equipment longevity. The insights derived from this investigation offer valuable guidance for implementing continuous denitrification system retrofits in industrial coal-fired power plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels)
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13 pages, 3065 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Biogas Upgrading by Sorption-Enhanced Methanation with CaO in a Dual Interconnected Fluidized Bed System
by Fiorella Massa, Fabrizio Scala and Antonio Coppola
Processes 2023, 11(11), 3218; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11113218 - 13 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1584
Abstract
In this work, ASPENplus was used to simulate biogas upgrading by sorption-enhanced methanation in a dual interconnected bubbling fluidized bed configuration using inexpensive, abundant, and eco-friendly CaO to remove H2O from the reaction environment. The chemical looping scheme consisted of two [...] Read more.
In this work, ASPENplus was used to simulate biogas upgrading by sorption-enhanced methanation in a dual interconnected bubbling fluidized bed configuration using inexpensive, abundant, and eco-friendly CaO to remove H2O from the reaction environment. The chemical looping scheme consisted of two reactors: a methanator/hydrator, where the catalytic reactions occurred on a catalyst with 20% Ni supported on alumina as well as the steam removal by CaO, and a regenerator, where the Ca(OH)2 was dehydrated back to CaO. The simulations were carried out to identify possible reactant compositions (H2 and biogas), CaO amount, and the methanation temperature able to produce an outlet gas matching the specifications for direct grid injection. When considering a stoichiometric gas feed ratio at the methanator inlet, the unwanted CaO carbonation worsened the process performance, subtracting CO2 from the desired methanation reaction. However, optimal conditions were found with hydrogen-lean gas feedings, balancing the limited H2 amount with the capture of CO2 due to the sorbent carbonation. Thermodynamic considerations pointed out the possibility of solid carbon formation induced by sorption-enhanced methanation conditions, especially for H2 sub-stoichiometric feedings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels)
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16 pages, 5172 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Combustion and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction in a 750 t/d Waste Incinerator
by Hai Cao, Yan Jin, Xiangnan Song, Ziming Wang, Baoxuan Liu and Yuxin Wu
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2790; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092790 - 19 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1528
Abstract
In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach using Ansys Fluent 15.0 and FLIC software was employed to simulate the combustion process of a 750 t/d grate-type waste incinerator. The objective was to assess the performance of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology [...] Read more.
In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach using Ansys Fluent 15.0 and FLIC software was employed to simulate the combustion process of a 750 t/d grate-type waste incinerator. The objective was to assess the performance of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology in reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Two-stage simulations were conducted, predicting waste combustion on the bed and volatile matter combustion in the furnace. The results effectively depicted the temperature and gas concentration distributions on the bed surface, along with the temperature, velocity, and composition distributions in the furnace. Comparison with field data validated the numerical model. The findings serve as a reference for optimizing large-scale incinerator operation and parameter design through CFD simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Optimization of Gas-Solid Reaction Vessels)
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