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Processes
Special Issues
Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation
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Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 14812

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Javier Fernandez Garcia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IQS School of Engineering, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: CO2 capture; advanced materials; catalysis; process integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Enrico Andreoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
Interests: carbon dioxide capture and utilisation; sustainable and clean energy production; materials science and engineering; electrochemistry; photovoltaics; sensors; drug delivery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Researchers,

Carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU) have recently drawn attention within the research community and funding bodies. Researchers have come up with new research lines in this direction, with innovative and advanced sorbents and also with new process routes.

New sorbents have been characterized, and their performance has also been checked, with some examples of cutting-edge sorbents including MOF-based, amine-based, CaO looping, and metal-based ones. Additionally, numerous new catalysts for CO2 thermal, electro-, and photoconversion have been developed. All these new materials can have higher performance and have an environmental impact on CCSU lifecycle assessment.

When it comes to new process routes and process integration of CCSU within different plants and industries, it is important to highlight the impact of these strategies. Optimization of operational existing conditions in pilot plants and new issues tackled in process integration has been considered for carbon capture, storage, and/or utilization. These advancements can deliver lower energy consumption and have an immediate impact on plant efficiency.

This Special Issue on “Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization” seeks high-quality works focusing on the latest novel advances in carbon capture, storage, and utilization. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Innovative sorbents and performance application for CCSU;
  • Experimental works and simulation of CCSU processes;
  • Novel CCSU studies for process integration;
  • CCSU industrial integration, application, and modeling.

Dr. Javier Fernandez Garcia
Dr. Enrico Andreoli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CCSU
  • sorbents
  • process integration
  • performance
  • modelling
  • utilization
  • carbon capture

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 5889 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on CO2 Geochemical Reaction Characteristics in Marine Weakly Consolidated Sandstone Saline Aquifers
by Mingying Xie, Zhiyong Tu, Xiaona Sun, Zhenghe Yan, Shasha Feng, Deng Zhang, Fuyang Li and Liang Zhang
Processes 2023, 11(12), 3345; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123345 - 30 Nov 2023
Viewed by 861
Abstract
Geological storage is one of the most important measures to reduce carbon emissions. The newly developed oilfield A in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea is associated with a large amount of CO2 with a purity of up [...] Read more.
Geological storage is one of the most important measures to reduce carbon emissions. The newly developed oilfield A in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea is associated with a large amount of CO2 with a purity of up to 95%. Two weakly consolidated sandstone saline aquifers located above the oil reservoir can be used for CO2 storage, but the CO2 geochemical reaction characteristics in the aquifers should be investigated clearly, which may cause significant damage to the physical properties of the reservoirs and caprocks of the aquifers. In this paper, static CO2 geochemical reaction experiments and rock thin section identifications were carried out using drill cuttings and sidewall cores, respectively. A numerical simulation was conducted according to the reactor conditions to explore the equilibrium state of the CO2 geochemical reaction. Through these studies, the characteristics of the geochemical reaction, its impact on the physical properties of the formation, and the CO2 storage potential by mineral trapping in the target aquifers were revealed. The results show that the two saline aquifers have similar physical properties. The reservoirs are mostly made up of fine-to-medium-grained sandstones as quartz arenite with a considerable amount of feldspar, which can provide favorable pore space for CO2 storage, while the caprocks are fine-grained felsic sedimentary rocks that can have a good sealing effect. However, both the reservoirs and caprocks contain a certain amount of carbonate and clay minerals. Mineral dissolution dominates in the CO2 geochemical reaction process, and more Ca2+ and Mg2+ is released into the formation water. The theoretical maximum CO2 mineral trapping capacity in the aquifers is 0.023–0.0538 mol/100 g rock, but due to the dynamic equilibrium of the geochemical reaction, the amount of mineralized CO2 in most of the rock samples is negative, and the average utilization factor is only −55.43%. As a result, the contribution of mineral trapping to the CO2 storage capacity takes −0.32%, which can be ignored. In the future, it is necessary to conduct detailed research to reveal the effect of a CO2 geochemical reaction on storage safety, especially in offshore weakly consolidated sandstone saline aquifers, which could be important sites for large-scale CO2 storage in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation)
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10 pages, 1960 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Forestry Carbon Sink on Land Use Space Based on FLUS Model
by Shuo Feng and Ke Chen
Processes 2023, 11(2), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020608 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Environmental issues are an important issue facing the world in the 21st century. While China’s economy is developing rapidly, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially the problem of carbon emissions. Faced with the severe natural ecological environment, [...] Read more.
Environmental issues are an important issue facing the world in the 21st century. While China’s economy is developing rapidly, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially the problem of carbon emissions. Faced with the severe natural ecological environment, China has proposed a dual-carbon goal, that is, China will achieve carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In order to improve the ecological environment and complete the dual carbon goals on time, in addition to adjusting the industrial structure and improving the technical level to reduce carbon emissions, forestry carbon sink transactions should also be actively used. Forestry carbon sequestration is one of the few carbon sequestration measures that can be implemented at this stage, but the sustainable development of forestry carbon sequestration requires support from land resources, and reasonable land use planning is the premise to ensure forestry carbon sequestration. This research will use the FLUS model based on the artificial neural network algorithm (ANN) and cellular automata algorithm (CA) to analyze the future spatial changes of land use under forestry carbon sink trading and formulate reasonable land planning for sustainable forestry carbon sink trading. FLUS model is a land use simulation algorithm, which is specially used to study the development prediction of land use under different scenarios. The study found that if the forestry carbon sink transaction was implemented, the forest land area in Shenyang could be increased by 303 km2 and 454,500 tons of CO2 could be absorbed annually. The forest land would take the lead in choosing the northern and eastern hilly areas for expansion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation)
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22 pages, 3858 KiB  
Article
Carbon Capture from Post-Combustion Flue Gas Using a State-Of-The-Art, Anti-Sublimation, Solid–Vapor Separation Unit
by Hani Ababneh, Ahmed AlNouss and Shaheen A. Al-Muhtaseb
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2406; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112406 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4355
Abstract
This work attempts to address the quest of removing carbon dioxide from flue gas streams to help preserve the environment. It is based on a model that is able to describe the solid-liquid-vapour and solid-vapour phase equilibria for the ternary system of N [...] Read more.
This work attempts to address the quest of removing carbon dioxide from flue gas streams to help preserve the environment. It is based on a model that is able to describe the solid-liquid-vapour and solid-vapour phase equilibria for the ternary system of N2-O2-CO2 at pressures from 5 to 130 bar and over a wide range of temperature (140 to 220 K). Furthermore, a corresponding state-of-the art solid-vapor (SV) CO2 capture/separation unit is developed and introduced in this work. The SV unit was modeled using the Aspen Custom Modeler software by implementing the thermodynamic model developed before. It was then simulated using the Aspen Plus simulator; its performance was studied and analyzed. Moreover, the performance of the unit was optimized and compared to the most conventional corresponding technology used by the industry (i.e., amine-scrubbing). Results proved that for the same output clean gas composition, which contains only 0.3% CO2, the developed state-of-the-art SV unit consumes almost half of the energy required by the conventional process. Other advantages of the novel SV separation unit include the lower requirement of capital equipment, no need of additional agents (such as solvents) and the avoidance of product contamination with such additional agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation)
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11 pages, 2224 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Assessment of the Utilization of CO2 in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor Powered by Photovoltaic Energy
by Josep O. Pou, Eduard Estopañán, Javier Fernandez-Garcia and Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
Processes 2022, 10(9), 1851; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091851 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
The direct activation of diluted CO2 in argon was studied in a co-axial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor powered by photovoltaic energy. The influence of the initial CO2 and argon concentration on the CO2 decomposition to form CO was investigated [...] Read more.
The direct activation of diluted CO2 in argon was studied in a co-axial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor powered by photovoltaic energy. The influence of the initial CO2 and argon concentration on the CO2 decomposition to form CO was investigated using a copper-based catalyst in the discharge zone. It was observed that the CO2 conversion was higher at lower CO2 concentrations. The presence of the diluent gas (argon) was also studied and it was observed how it has a high influence on the decomposition of CO2, improving the conversion at high argon concentrations. At the highest observed energy efficiency (1.7%), the CO2 conversion obtained was 40.2%. It was observed that a way to enhance the sustainability of the process was to use photovoltaic energy. Taking into account a life cycle assessment approach (LCA), it was estimated that within the best-case scenario, it would be feasible to counterbalance 97% of the CO2 emissions related to the process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation)
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Review

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18 pages, 2379 KiB  
Review
Progress on the Effect of Nitrogen on Transformation of Soil Organic Carbon
by Danyang Meng, Hangxin Cheng, Yang Shao, Min Luo, Diandou Xu, Zhiming Liu and Lingling Ma
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2425; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112425 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4779
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen are the essential elements constituting living organisms and are closely coupled during biogeochemical cycles. Due to the atmospheric nitrogen deposition and increased agricultural nitrogen fertilizer input, the effect of nitrogen on the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) is controversial. [...] Read more.
Carbon and nitrogen are the essential elements constituting living organisms and are closely coupled during biogeochemical cycles. Due to the atmospheric nitrogen deposition and increased agricultural nitrogen fertilizer input, the effect of nitrogen on the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) is controversial. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of this issue, the progress of recent studies on the different SOC stabilization mechanisms is reviewed. Based on the differences in the stability and fate mechanisms of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), nitrogen input can increase POC input and inhibit microbial decomposition of POC by increasing terrestrial biomass, changing the quality of litter and promoting the formation of aggregates. N input reduces the chemical stability of MAOC by altering the chemical bonding of mineral–organic complexes. This study has promising implications for understanding the effect of N on SOC transformation by different stabilization mechanisms to promote soil carbon sequestration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilisation)
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