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Processes
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Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization
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Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2024) | Viewed by 21398

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Abraham Kabutey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
Interests: edible oil; extraction techonology; characterization and functional properties; modeling and optimization; multivariate data analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. David Herak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: biosystems engineering; agricultural engineering; energy; FEM; CAD; design of machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are living in very difficult times in human history. The United Nations 2019 report shows that the global population growth is predicted to soar by approximately 20% to 9.7 billion in 2050 and could peak at about 11 billion in 2100. The Food and Agriculture Organization also forecast that worldwide food demand will increase by half by 2050. From now until the end of the 21st century, taking into consideration the SDG’s targets and the current COVID-19 pandemic, substantial effort and innovation will be required to sustainably increase agricultural production. Edible and non-edible oilseeds are a significant component of modern agriculture. There is a great demand for plant oils for domestic and industrial applications, including biofuel production. In developed countries, the oil is extracted using advanced techniques and green solvents, while in developing countries, mechanical and hydraulic presses are commonly used. Improving the performance of oil extraction methods through the modeling and optimization of process variables is necessary to reduce the input cost in relation to the oil output efficiency and quality.

This Special Issue entitled “Edible and Non-Edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization” aims to cover the recent developments and historical perspectives in methods of oil extraction. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Supercritical fluid extraction;
  • Solid-phase extraction;
  • Ultrasound assisted extraction;
  • Liquid–liquid extraction;
  • Microwave-assisted solvent extraction;
  • Mechanical screw pressing;
  • Uniaxial compression process;
  • Extraction, characterization and functional properties.

Dr. Abraham Kabutey
Prof. Dr. David Herak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Advanced oil extraction
  • Transesterification reaction
  • Edible oil analysis
  • Physiochemical properties of oil
  • Oil processing factors
  • Oil extraction modeling
  • Response surface methodology
  • Type-2 fuzzy logic approach
  • Multi-objective optimization

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2595 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
by Malek Miladi, António A. Martins, Teresa M. Mata, Miguel Vegara, María Pérez-Infantes, Rania Remmani, Antonio Ruiz-Canales and Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
Processes 2021, 9(11), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9112085 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4907
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel [...] Read more.
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-value products, such as polymers. This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SCG oil using n-hexane as a solvent. Three key process parameters are analyzed: temperature, extraction time, and liquid/solid (L/S) rate of solvent, using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), an analysis that, to the author’s knowledge, is not yet available in the literature. The data were analyzed using the software StatSoft STATISTICA 13.1 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results show that all parameters have a statistical influence on the process performance (p < 0.05), being the L/S ratio the most significant, followed by extraction time and temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the empirical model is a good fit to the experimental data at a 95% confidence level. For the range of conditions considered in this work, the optimal operating conditions for obtaining an oil extraction yield in the range of 12 to 13%wt are a solvent L/S ratio of around 16 mL g−1, for a temperature in the range of 50 to 60 °C, and the longest contact time, limited by the process economics and health and safety issues and also, by the n-hexane boiling temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization)
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16 pages, 5865 KiB  
Article
Impact of Various Essential Oils and Plant Extracts on the Characterization of the Composite Seaweed Hydrocolloid and Gac Pulp (Momordica cochinchinensis) Edible Film
by Thuy Thi Bich Tran, Boi Ngoc Vu, Md Saifullah, Minh Huu Nguyen, Penta Pristijono, Timothy Kirkman and Quan Van Vuong
Processes 2021, 9(11), 2038; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9112038 - 14 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2910
Abstract
Edible films and coatings have currently received increasing interest because of their potential in food applications. This study examined the effect of incorporated essential oils and natural plant extracts on the characteristics of the composite seaweed hydrocolloid and gac pulp films. Films were [...] Read more.
Edible films and coatings have currently received increasing interest because of their potential in food applications. This study examined the effect of incorporated essential oils and natural plant extracts on the characteristics of the composite seaweed hydrocolloid and gac pulp films. Films were prepared by a casting technique, followed by measurement of physical, optical, barrier, mechanical, and structural properties. The results showed that adding plant oils and extracts significantly affected the physical, optical, mechanical, and structural properties of the composite films. Incorporation of the essential oils resulted in a reduction in moisture content and opacity while increasing values for Hue angle and elongation at break of the composite films. Besides, incorporation of the plant extracts showed increases in thickness, opacity, ΔE, Chroma, and elongation at the break, while there is a decrease in the Hue angle values of the composite films. In conclusion, incorporating plant essential oils and extracts into composite seaweed hydrocolloid and gac pulp films can enhance film properties, which can potentially be applied in food products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization)
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12 pages, 2727 KiB  
Article
Application of Ultrasonic Atomization on a Micro Jet Engine Using Biofuel for Improving Performance
by Amer Alajmi, Fnyees Alajmi, Ahmed Alrashidi, Naser Alrashidi and Nor Mariah Adam
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1963; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111963 - 3 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
Jet engines are commonly used in aeronautical applications, and are one of the types of gas turbine engines. The circulation of air releases heat energy to expand the volume of hot fluids and impact the turbine wheel to generate power of hot gases. [...] Read more.
Jet engines are commonly used in aeronautical applications, and are one of the types of gas turbine engines. The circulation of air releases heat energy to expand the volume of hot fluids and impact the turbine wheel to generate power of hot gases. The present study investigates the potential of using ultrasonic atomization technology to assist in the combustion process. An experimental rig was set up to determine the performance of jet engines using ultrasonic droplets. A gas analyzer was used to measure various greenhouse emissions of exhaust gas. The performance of the engine was tested under three load levels (high, medium, low), starting from 10 psi at a steady state, to the minimum value. A significant result was tested for a low value of nitrogen monoxide at the three levels of load, and a specific result was tested for an efficiency value of 2% at the three levels of load. Carbon dioxide was found to decrease at the low load level. The use of an ultrasonic atomization device to assist in the combustion process was useful in achieving engine efficiency of 1% and a reduction of 25% in carbon dioxide exhaust gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization)
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17 pages, 4656 KiB  
Article
Development of Solar Powered Biodiesel Reactor for Kuwait Sheep Tallow
by Fnyees Alajmi, Amer Alajmi, Ahmed Alrashidi, Naser Alrashidi, Nor Mariah Adam and Abdul Aziz Hairuddin
Processes 2021, 9(9), 1623; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091623 - 9 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2817
Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the more recent green fuel products in the world. It can be produced from several raw materials such as straight vegetable oils, animal fats, tallow, and waste cooking oils, and blended with diesel. Properties of biodiesel are different compared [...] Read more.
Biodiesel is one of the more recent green fuel products in the world. It can be produced from several raw materials such as straight vegetable oils, animal fats, tallow, and waste cooking oils, and blended with diesel. Properties of biodiesel are different compared to fossil diesel in terms of production methods and emission levels released after combustion in an internal combustion engine. Kuwait consumes a huge amount of energy which is almost 8% to meet the increasing demand for electricity and water. Moreover, the use of electricity in the production of biodiesel increases energy use and cost of production. Kuwait is receiving an amount of solar irradiation ranging from 2050 kWh/m2 to 2100 kWh/m2. The present study is concerned with the evaluation of the potential to use solar energy to produce biodiesel from sheep fat waste as a raw material. An experimental test rig was set up for a single cylinder diesel engine in the laboratory, where a solar power system was used to assist the production process of biodiesel from tallow waste. The biodiesel is then blended with diesel at different volume percentages, such as graded as B20, B50, B75 and B100, respectively. The exhaust gases such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and nitric dioxide where also analyzed. An optimum decrease in values of nitric oxide levels was observed at the load of 51%, 68%, 85% and 93% during the operation at blend of biodiesel B20, B50, B75 and B100, respectively. Nitric dioxide was decreased at the load of 51%, 68% and 85% during the operation using B20, B50 and B75, respectively. Optimum SFC was achieved at B20, B50 and B75 during high loads of 85% and 93%. It can be concluded that sheep tallow biodiesel shows a promising result in terms of fuel consumption and environmental emissions of greenhouse gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization)
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27 pages, 13372 KiB  
Article
Modelling and Optimization of Processing Factors of Pumpkin Seeds Oil Extraction under Uniaxial Loading
by Abraham Kabutey, Čestmír Mizera, Oldřich Dajbych, Petr Hrabě, David Herák and Cimen Demirel
Processes 2021, 9(3), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9030540 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4861
Abstract
In the present study, a Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the processing factors (force: 100, 150, and 200 kN; speed: 3, 5, and 7 mm/min; and temperature: 40, 60, and 80 °C) for extracting pumpkin seeds oil [...] Read more.
In the present study, a Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the processing factors (force: 100, 150, and 200 kN; speed: 3, 5, and 7 mm/min; and temperature: 40, 60, and 80 °C) for extracting pumpkin seeds oil under uniaxial compression. The design generated 15 experiments including twelve combinations of factors and three replicates at the center point. The responses: oil yield (%), oil expression efficiency (%), and energy (J) were calculated, and the regression models determined were statistically analyzed and validated. The optimum factors combination: 200 kN, 4 mm/min and 80 °C predicted the oil yield of 20.48%, oil expression efficiency of 60.90%, and energy of 848.04 J. The relaxation time of 12 min at the optimum factors increased the oil efficiency to 64.53%. The lower oil point force was determined to be 57.32 kN for estimating the maximum oil output. The tangent curve and generalized Maxwell models adequately (R2 = 0.996) described the compression and relaxation processes of pumpkin seeds oil extraction. Peroxide value increased with temperatures. The study provides detailed information useful for processing different bulk oilseeds under uniaxial loading for optimizing the mechanical oil pressing in large-scale oil production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Non-edible Oil Extraction Processes, Modeling and Optimization)
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