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Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications
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Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2025 | Viewed by 6958

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dong Ming

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: neural engineering; rehabilitation engineering; biomedical instrumentation, and signal/image processing; brain–computer interface; functional electrical stimulation; gait analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shuang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Interests: intelligent medical sensing; smartphone-based biosensors; wearable monitoring; visual detection; POCT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intelligent medical sensors are widely used in auxiliary medical equipment. The intelligent medical sensor is gradually replacing traditional medical diagnosis technology with the advantages of a small size, cost-effectiveness, rapidity, specificity, and sensitivity. With the development of advanced technologies such as nanomaterials, smartphones, and the Internet of Things, diagnosis technology based on medical sensors has broad prospects. In addition, different types of intelligent medical sensors, such as electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, piezoelectric sensors, and Internet of Things sensors, are also worth further research. In the future, how to derive more intelligent, accurate, and modal medical sensors will be of great interest to researchers, but this will be extremely challenging.

Prof. Dr. Dong Ming
Dr. Shuang Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • machine learning
  • artificial intelligence
  • telemedicine
  • physiological signal monitoring
  • in vitro or in vivo detection
  • portable or wearable sensors
  • flexible sensor
  • implantable biosensors
  • IoT
  • wireless connection
  • organ-on-chip

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2441 KiB  
Article
Changes in Motor Strategy and Neuromuscular Control During Balance Tasks in People with a Bimalleolar Ankle Fracture: A Preliminary and Exploratory Study
by Diana Salas-Gómez, David Barbado, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, María Isabel Pérez-Núñez, Esther Laguna-Bercero, Saray Lantarón-Juarez and Mario Fernandez-Gorgojo
Sensors 2024, 24(21), 6798; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24216798 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 620
Abstract
Ankle fractures can lead to issues such as limited dorsiflexion, strength deficits, swelling, stiffness, balance disorders, and functional limitations, which complicate daily activities. This study aimed to describe neuromuscular adaptations at 6 and 12 months post-surgery during static and dynamic balance tasks, specifically [...] Read more.
Ankle fractures can lead to issues such as limited dorsiflexion, strength deficits, swelling, stiffness, balance disorders, and functional limitations, which complicate daily activities. This study aimed to describe neuromuscular adaptations at 6 and 12 months post-surgery during static and dynamic balance tasks, specifically using the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Additionally, the relationship between neuromuscular patterns, balance, and musculoskeletal deficits was evaluated. In 21 participants (14 at 6 months and 21 at 12 months) with bimalleolar fractures, hip strength, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle functionality, and static and dynamic balance were assessed using electromyography of five lower limb muscles (tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, lateral gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius). A significant interaction effect (limb × proximal [hip]—distal [ankle] muscle) (F = 30.806, p < 0.001) was observed in the anterior direction of the Y-Balance Test (YBTA) at 6 months post-surgery. During the YBTA and YBT posteromedial (YBTPM), it was found that a lower dorsiflexion range of movement was associated specifically at 6 months with greater activation of the lateral gastrocnemius. However, these differences tended to diminish by 12 months. These findings suggest that neuromuscular patterns differ between operated and non-operated limbs during the YBTA at 6 months post-surgery. The Y-Balance Test, particularly its anterior direction, effectively highlighted these neuromuscular changes. This is a preliminary study; further research is needed to explore these findings in depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications)
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18 pages, 597 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Physical Demands and Player Performance in Professional Female Basketball Players Using Inertial Movement Units
by Javier Espasa-Labrador, Carlos Martínez-Rubio, José María Oliva-Lozano, Julio Calleja-González, Marta Carrasco-Marginet and Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
Sensors 2024, 24(19), 6365; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196365 - 30 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1037
Abstract
Load monitoring has been identified as a valuable tool for optimizing training planning and minimizing injury risk. This study’s aim was divided into two main objectives: (1) to describe the physical demands during official competition through IMU (inertial movement unit) metrics and (2) [...] Read more.
Load monitoring has been identified as a valuable tool for optimizing training planning and minimizing injury risk. This study’s aim was divided into two main objectives: (1) to describe the physical demands during official competition through IMU (inertial movement unit) metrics and (2) to investigate the relationship between basketball statistics and these physical demands. Twelve female highly trained basketballers (26.5 ± 5.3 years, 180 ± 7.1 cm, and 73.6 ± 10.3 kg) were monitored during four official games. Our results indicate that games with more frequent possession changes, particularly those driven by steals and turnovers, exhibit higher physical demands. Additionally, longer game durations were associated with longer recovery time while maintaining similar active time and physical load. Players who assume prominent shooting roles face greater conditional demands, such as increased jumps and impacts, even with equal playing time. These findings suggest that IMUs provide valuable insights into high-intensity actions and patterns, indicating a direct association between physical load and player performance in professional female basketball. This study also highlights the potential for professionals to better manage workload and understand player demands using these insights, even in the absence of in-game sensor data. Our research underscores the importance of contextual analysis in sports performance studies, encouraging future investigations into game phases and their specific physical demands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications)
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14 pages, 5013 KiB  
Article
Selective Cellular Uptake and Druggability Efficacy through Functionalized Chitosan-Conjugated Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers
by Ye Hu, Jian Chen and Wenyan Hu
Sensors 2024, 24(15), 4853; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154853 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Nanotechnology has ushered in significant advancements in drug design, revolutionizing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. The strategic utilization of nanotechnology to enhance drug loading, delivery, and release has garnered increasing attention, leveraging the enhanced physical and chemical properties offered by [...] Read more.
Nanotechnology has ushered in significant advancements in drug design, revolutionizing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. The strategic utilization of nanotechnology to enhance drug loading, delivery, and release has garnered increasing attention, leveraging the enhanced physical and chemical properties offered by these systems. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have been pivotal in drug delivery, yet there is room for further enhancement. In this study, we conjugated PAMAM dendrimers with chitosan (CS) to augment cellular internalization in tumor cells. Specifically, doxorubicin (DOX) was initially loaded into PAMAM dendrimers to form DOX-loaded PAMAM (DOX@PAMAM) complexes via intermolecular forces. Subsequently, CS was linked onto the DOX-loaded PAMAM dendrimers to yield CS-conjugated PAMAM loaded with DOX (DOX@CS@PAMAM) through glutaraldehyde crosslinking via the Schiff base reaction. The resultant DOX@CS@PAMAM complexes were comprehensively characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Notably, while the drug release profile of DOX@CS@PAMAM in acidic environments was inferior to that of DOX@PAMAM, DOX@CS@PAMAM demonstrated effective acid-responsive drug release, with a cumulative release of 70% within 25 h attributed to the imine linkage. Most importantly, DOX@CS@PAMAM exhibited significant selective cellular internalization rates and antitumor efficacy compared to DOX@PAMAM, as validated through cell viability assays, fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometry analysis. In summary, DOX@CS@PAMAM demonstrated superior antitumor effects compared to unconjugated PAMAM dendrimers, thereby broadening the scope of dendrimer-based nanomedicines with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and promising applications in cancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications)
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17 pages, 3079 KiB  
Article
Application of Independent Component Analysis and Nelder–Mead Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Non-Contact Blood Pressure Estimation
by Te-Jen Su, Wei-Hong Lin, Qian-Yi Zhuang, Ya-Chung Hung, Wen-Rong Yang, Bo-Jun He and Shih-Ming Wang
Sensors 2024, 24(11), 3544; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113544 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 610
Abstract
In recent years, hypertension has become one of the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. Changes in lifestyle among the population have led to an increasing prevalence of hypertension. This study proposes a non-contact blood pressure estimation method that allows patients to [...] Read more.
In recent years, hypertension has become one of the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. Changes in lifestyle among the population have led to an increasing prevalence of hypertension. This study proposes a non-contact blood pressure estimation method that allows patients to conveniently monitor their blood pressure values. By utilizing a webcam to track facial features and the region of interest (ROI) for obtaining forehead images, independent component analysis (ICA) is employed to eliminate artifact signals. Subsequently, physiological parameters are calculated using the principle of optical wave reflection. The Nelder–Mead (NM) simplex method is combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the empirical parameters, thus enhancing computational efficiency and accurately determining the optimal solution for blood pressure estimation. The influences of light intensity and camera distance on the experimental results are also discussed. Furthermore, the measurement time is only 10 s. The superior accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by comparing them with those in other published literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications)
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21 pages, 5069 KiB  
Article
Comparative Sensing and Judgment Control System for Temperature Maintenance for Optimal Treatment in Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Surgery
by Tae-Hyeon Lee, Kicheol Yoon, Sangyun Lee, Woong Rak Choi and Kwang Gi Kim
Sensors 2024, 24(2), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020596 - 17 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1240
Abstract
For tumors wherein cancer cells remain in the tissue after colorectal cancer surgery, a hyperthermic anticancer agent is injected into the abdominal cavity to necrotize the remaining cancer cells with heat using a hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy system. However, during circulation, the processing temperature [...] Read more.
For tumors wherein cancer cells remain in the tissue after colorectal cancer surgery, a hyperthermic anticancer agent is injected into the abdominal cavity to necrotize the remaining cancer cells with heat using a hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy system. However, during circulation, the processing temperature is out of range and the processing result is deteriorated. This paper proposes a look-up table (LUT) module design method that can stably maintain the processing temperature range during circulation via feedback. If the temperature decreases or increases, the LUT transmits a command signal to the heat exchanger to reduce or increase heat input, thereby maintaining the treatment temperature range. The command signal for increasing and decreasing heat input is Tp and Ta, respectively. The command signal for the treatment temperature range is Ts. If drug temperatures below 41 and above 43 °C are input to the LUT, it sends a Tp or Ta signal to the heat exchanger to increase or decrease the input heat, respectively. If the drug’s temperature is 41–43 °C, the LUT generates a Ts signal and proceeds with the treatment. The proposed system can automatically control drug temperature using temperature feedback to ensure rapid, accurate, and safe treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 2115 KiB  
Article
Differences in EEG Event-Related Potentials during Dual Task in Parkinson’s Disease Carriers and Non-Carriers of the G2019S-LRRK2 Mutation
by Eden Shkury, Shani Danziger-Schragenheim, Zoya Katzir, Yael Ezra, Nir Giladi, Anat Mirelman and Inbal Maidan
Sensors 2023, 23(19), 8266; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198266 - 6 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1492
Abstract
Background: The G2019S-LRRK2 gene mutation is a common cause of hereditary Parkinson’s disease (PD), associated with a higher frequency of the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor phenotype yet with preserved cognition. This study investigated neurophysiological changes during motor and cognitive tasks [...] Read more.
Background: The G2019S-LRRK2 gene mutation is a common cause of hereditary Parkinson’s disease (PD), associated with a higher frequency of the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor phenotype yet with preserved cognition. This study investigated neurophysiological changes during motor and cognitive tasks in PD patients with and without the G2019S-LRRK2 mutation. Methods: 33 iPD patients and 22 LRRK2-PD patients performed the visual Go/NoGo task (VGNG) during sitting (single-task) and walking (dual-task) while wearing a 64-channel EEG cap. Event-related potentials (ERP) from Fz and Pz, specifically N200 and P300, were extracted and analyzed to quantify brain activity patterns. Results: The LRRK2-PD group performed better in the VGNG than the iPD group (group*task; p = 0.05). During Go, the iPD group showed reduced N2 amplitude and prolonged N2 latency during walking, whereas the LRRK2-PD group showed only shorter latency (group*task p = 0.027). During NoGo, opposite patterns emerged; the iPD group showed reduced N2 and increased P3 amplitudes during walking while the LRRK2-PD group demonstrated increased N2 and reduced P3 (N2: group*task, p = 0.010, P3: group*task, p = 0.012). Conclusions: The LRRK2-PD group showed efficient early cognitive processes, reflected by N2, resulting in greater neural synchronization and prominent ERPs. These processes are possibly the underlying mechanisms for the observed better cognitive performance as compared to the iPD group. As such, future applications of intelligent medical sensing should be capable of capturing these electrophysiological patterns in order to enhance motor–cognitive functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Medical Sensors and Applications)
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