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Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications
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Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2024 | Viewed by 9669

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xuewen Shu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: fiber Bragg grating technology; optical fiber sensors; optical communication; fiber lasers; ultrafast lasers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kaiming Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Aston Lab for Intelligent Collectives Engineering, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
Interests: fibre grating technologies; femtosecond laser micro-machining of optical fibre for photonic and microfluidic devices; innovative exploitation of label-free biosensor for fast; sensitive and real-time detection of DNA; in-fibre polariser fibre using 45° tilted fibre Bragg grating
Dr. Qiang Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Interests: optical fiber interferometers for novel fiber optical couplers and sensors; nanofiber; microsphere sensors for bio-chemical sensing; the design and fabrication of fiber bragg grating devices and their applications for sensing; nonlinear fibre optics; surface plasmon resonant and surface acoustic wave sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lin Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
Interests: fibre and guidewave optics; interferometric optics; fibre grating devices and applications; fibre lasers; optical sensors and sensing technologies; femtosecond laser technology; micro/nano photonic structures and devices; biophotonics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fiber grating sensor is one of the most important types of fiber sensors developed in the past three decades. As a kind of grating structure in optical fibers, fiber grating has its own unique advantages besides inheriting all the advantages of a fiber sensor, such as wavelength encoding of sensing information, high-precision localization detection, multiplexing capabilities, etc. Now, fiber grating sensors continue to flourish and their applications are expanding. New designs and discoveries have continued to drive technological developments.

This Special Issue will focus on all aspects of this active research field, aiming to reflect the development of fiber grating sensors in design, manufacturing and applications. Both original research papers and review papers are welcome. Technical topics include, but not limited to, the following:

  1. Fiber Bragg grating sensors;
  2. Long-period fiber grating sensors;
  3. Special structures (tilted, chiral, phase-shifted, etc.) of fiber grating sensors;
  4. New design and fabrication techniques of fiber grating sensors;
  5. Fiber grating sensors fabricated by femtosecond laser;
  6. Fiber grating sensor network and systems;
  7. Interrogation methods for fiber gratings;
  8. Fiber-grating-based temperature, strain, deformation, and bio-chemical sensors;
  9. Smart sensing systems using fiber grating sensors;
  10. Fiber grating sensors for wearable and medical applications;
  11. Fiber grating sensors for harsh environment applications;
  12. Packaging and long-term stability of fiber grating sensors.

Prof. Dr. Xuewen Shu
Dr. Kaiming Zhou
Dr. Qiang Wu
Prof. Dr. Lin Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 13001 KiB  
Article
Full-Scale Modeling and FBGs Experimental Measurements for Thermal Analysis of Converter Transformer
by Fan Yang, Sance Gao, Gepeng Wang, Hanxue Hao and Pengbo Wang
Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3071; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103071 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1091
Abstract
As the imbalance between power demand and load capacity in electrical systems becomes increasingly severe, investigating the temperature variations in transformers under different load stresses is crucial for ensuring their safe operation. The thermal analysis of converter transformers poses challenges due to the [...] Read more.
As the imbalance between power demand and load capacity in electrical systems becomes increasingly severe, investigating the temperature variations in transformers under different load stresses is crucial for ensuring their safe operation. The thermal analysis of converter transformers poses challenges due to the complexity of model construction. This paper develops a full-scale model of a converter transformer using a multi-core high-performance computer and explores its thermal state at 80%, 100%, and 120% loading ratios using the COUPLED iteration method. Additionally, to validate the simulation model, 24 FBGs are installed in the experimental transformer to record the temperature data. The results indicate a general upward trend in winding the temperature from bottom to top. However, an internal temperature rise followed by a decrease is observed within certain sections. Moreover, as the loading ratio increases, both the peak temperature and temperature differential of the transformer windings rise, reaching a peak temperature of 107.9 °C at a 120% loading ratio. The maximum discrepancy between the simulation and experimental results does not exceed 3.5%, providing effective guidance for the transformer design and operational maintenance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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17 pages, 13990 KiB  
Article
Strain and Temperature Sensing Based on Different Temperature Coefficients fs-FBG Arrays for Intelligent Buoyancy Materials
by Meng Tian, Minggan Lou, Wei Zhang, Wenzhu Huang, Kaiqi Yan, Bin Liao and Wentao Zhang
Sensors 2024, 24(9), 2824; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092824 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1152
Abstract
The temperature and strain fields monitoring during the preparation process of buoyancy materials, as well as the health status after molding, are important for mastering the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials and ensuring the safety of operators and equipment. This paper proposes a [...] Read more.
The temperature and strain fields monitoring during the preparation process of buoyancy materials, as well as the health status after molding, are important for mastering the mechanical properties of buoyancy materials and ensuring the safety of operators and equipment. This paper proposes a short and high-density femtosecond fiber Bragg grating (fs-FBG) array based on different temperature coefficients fibers. By optimizing the parameters of femtosecond laser point-by-point writing technology, high-performance fs-FBG arrays with millimeter level gating length and millimeter level spatial resolution were prepared on two types of fibers. These were successfully embedded in buoyancy materials to achieve in-situ online monitoring of the curing process and after molding. The experimental results show that the fs-FBG array sensor has good anti-chirp performance and achieves online monitoring of millimeter-level spatial resolution. Intelligent buoyancy materials can provide real-time feedback on the health status of equipment in harsh underwater environments. The system can achieve temperature monitoring with an accuracy of 0.56 °C and deformation monitoring with sub-millimeter accuracy; the error is in the order of micrometers, which is of great significance in the field of deep-sea exploration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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12 pages, 3728 KiB  
Article
A Novel Biosensor for the Detection of Glucose Concentration Using the Dual-Peak Long Period Grating in the Near- to Mid-Infrared
by Namita Sahoo, Bing Sun, Yidong Tan, Kaiming Zhou and Lin Zhang
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041247 - 15 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1554
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate an improved efficient fibre sensor with a high sensitivity to measure glucose concentrations in the physiological range of human beings, operating in a broad spectral bandwidth from the near- to mid-infrared. The sensor consists of a dual-peak long [...] Read more.
In this article, we demonstrate an improved efficient fibre sensor with a high sensitivity to measure glucose concentrations in the physiological range of human beings, operating in a broad spectral bandwidth from the near- to mid-infrared. The sensor consists of a dual-peak long period grating (DPLPG) with a period of 150 μm inscribed in an optical fibre with a diameter of 80 μm. The investigation of sensing for refractive index results in a sensitivity of ~−885.7 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) and ~2008.6 nm/RIU in the range of 1.30–1.44. The glucose measurement is achieved by the immobilisation of a layer of enzyme of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto the fibre surface for the selective enhancement of sensitivity for glucose. The sensor can measure glucose concentrations with a maximum sensitivity of −36.25 nm/(mg/mL) in the range of 0.1–3.0 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest sensitivity ever achieved for a measurement of glucose with a long period grating-based sensor, indicating its potential for many applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical and food industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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13 pages, 4441 KiB  
Article
Study on the Design and Performance of a Glove Based on the FBG Array for Hand Posture Sensing
by Hongcheng Rao, Binbin Luo, Decao Wu, Pan Yi, Fudan Chen, Shenghui Shi, Xue Zou, Yuliang Chen and Mingfu Zhao
Sensors 2023, 23(20), 8495; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208495 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1581
Abstract
This study introduces a new wearable fiber-optic sensor glove. The glove utilizes a flexible material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a silicone tube to encapsulate fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). It is employed to enable the self-perception of hand posture, gesture recognition, and the prediction of [...] Read more.
This study introduces a new wearable fiber-optic sensor glove. The glove utilizes a flexible material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a silicone tube to encapsulate fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). It is employed to enable the self-perception of hand posture, gesture recognition, and the prediction of grasping objects. The investigation employs the Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach for predicting grasping objects. The proposed fiber-optic sensor glove can concurrently monitor the motion of 14 hand joints comprising 5 metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP), 5 proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP), and 4 distal interphalangeal joints (DIP). To expand the measurement range of the sensors, a sinusoidal layout incorporates the FBG array into the glove. The experimental results indicate that the wearable sensing glove can track finger flexion within a range of 0° to 100°, with a modest minimum measurement error (Error) of 0.176° and a minimum standard deviation (SD) of 0.685°. Notably, the glove accurately detects hand gestures in real-time and even forecasts grasping actions. The fiber-optic smart glove technology proposed herein holds promising potential for industrial applications, including object grasping, 3D displays via virtual reality, and human–computer interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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16 pages, 12007 KiB  
Article
A Seawater Salinity Sensor Based on Optimized Long Period Fiber Grating in the Dispersion Turning Point
by Chao Du, Shuang Zhao, Qiuyu Wang, Bin Jia, Mingzhe Zhao, Li Zhang, Liqin Cui, Shizhe Chen and Xiao Deng
Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4435; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094435 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2135
Abstract
Variations of seawater salinity often cause ocean internal waves, water masses and stratification, which affect the stability of the ocean environment. Therefore, the study of seawater salinity is significant for the prediction of changes in the ocean environment. However, existing methods for measuring [...] Read more.
Variations of seawater salinity often cause ocean internal waves, water masses and stratification, which affect the stability of the ocean environment. Therefore, the study of seawater salinity is significant for the prediction of changes in the ocean environment. However, existing methods for measuring seawater salinity generally have the disadvantages of low sensitivity and low accuracy. In this work, we proposed a seawater salinity sensor based on long period fiber grating (LPFG) in the dispersion turning point (DTP), which has demonstrated the possibility to fabricate LPFG with a shorter grating period by CO2 laser in a thin single mode fiber (SMF) of 80 μm cladding diameter without etching. For obtaining higher sensitivity that could meet the measurement requirement in practice, the proposed sensor was optimized by combining etching cladding and DTP. After the LPFG working near DTP was fabricated by a CO2 laser, the cladding diameter was reduced to 57.14 μm for making cladding mode LP1,7 work near DTP by hydrofluoric acid (HF) solutions. The experimental results have demonstrated that a sensitivity of 0.571 nm/‰ can be achieved when the salinity increases from 5.001‰ to 39.996‰, and the sensor shows good repeatability and stability. Based on its excellent performance, the optimized LPFG is a prospective sensor to monitor seawater salinity in real time. Meanwhile, a low-cost way was provided to make LPFG work near DTP instead of ultraviolet exposure and femtosecond laser writing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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Review

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18 pages, 4085 KiB  
Review
Multi-Core Fiber Bragg Grating and Its Sensing Application
by Xiaotong Zhang, Hongye Wang, Tingting Yuan and Libo Yuan
Sensors 2024, 24(14), 4532; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144532 - 13 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
With the increase in the demand for large-capacity optical communication capacity, multi-core optical fiber (MCF) communication technology has developed, and both the types of MCFs and related devices have become increasingly mature. The application of MCFs in the field of sensing has also [...] Read more.
With the increase in the demand for large-capacity optical communication capacity, multi-core optical fiber (MCF) communication technology has developed, and both the types of MCFs and related devices have become increasingly mature. The application of MCFs in the field of sensing has also received more and more attention, among which MCF fiber Bragg grating (FBG) devices have received more and more attention and have been widely used in various fields. In this paper, the main writing methods of MCF FBGs and their sensing applications are reviewed. The future development of the MCF FBG is also prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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