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Separations
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Advanced Extraction and Microextraction Techniques and Their Applications in Sample...
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Advanced Extraction and Microextraction Techniques and Their Applications in Sample Preparation

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Chromatographic Separations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 6369

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Di Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: sample preparation; pharmaceutical and bioanalytical methods; chromatography; mass spectrometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Haobo Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Interests: separation media (carbon-based, silicon-based and other polymeric materials used as sorbents); sample pretreatment techniques (magnetic solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction and other solid-phase microextraction techniques

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The significance of sample preparation in analytical chemistry cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability of analytical results. As researchers continually strive for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in analytical methods, the development of cutting-edge extraction and microextraction techniques has become paramount.

This Special Issue brings together a diverse collection of original research articles and reviews that explore the latest advances in extraction and microextraction methodologies. The articles cover a wide range of sample types, including environmental, biological, pharmaceutical, and food samples. By employing innovative and efficient extraction approaches, researchers are overcoming challenges related to complex matrices, trace analytes, and limited sample volumes.

The featured articles delve into various extraction techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction, liquid-phase microextraction, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, and accelerated solvent extraction, among others. The application of these techniques in tandem with modern analytical instruments, including mass spectrometers, chromatographs, and spectroscopy systems, has revolutionized the field of sample preparation.

We hope that this issue serves as an insightful resource, inspiring further advancements in sample preparation methodologies and fostering new ideas for analytical research.

Dr. Di Chen
Dr. Haobo Zheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sample preparation
  • extraction techniques
  • microextraction techniques
  • solid-phase extraction
  • liquid-phase extraction
  • green analytical chemistry
  • environmental analysis
  • food analysis
  • biological analysis
  • sorbents
  • separation media

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2949 KiB  
Article
Innovative Techniques in Sandalwood Oil Extraction: Optimizing Phenolic and Flavonoid Yields with Subcritical Ethanol
by Weili Zhang, Dwila Nur Rizkiyah and Nicky Rahmana Putra
Separations 2024, 11(7), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11070201 - 27 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 962
Abstract
Sandalwood essential oil, known for its rich content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, holds great promise for applications in perfumery and medicine. However, traditional production methods have raised concerns regarding their environmental impact and sustainability. This study explored subcritical ethanol extraction as a [...] Read more.
Sandalwood essential oil, known for its rich content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, holds great promise for applications in perfumery and medicine. However, traditional production methods have raised concerns regarding their environmental impact and sustainability. This study explored subcritical ethanol extraction as a green technique to address these concerns. Under optimized conditions (6.04 MPa, 109 °C, and 2.01 mL/min), maximum oil yield reached 4.04% with substantial total phenolic compounds (TPCs) of 4.11 mg GAE/100 g and total flavonoid compounds (TFCs) of 8.85 mg QE/100 g in the extracted sandalwood oil. Furthermore, the oil displayed notable antioxidant activity AA of 71.68%. The temperature was identified as a significant factor affecting oil yield, TPCs, TFCs, and AA. The fine-tuning of the extraction temperature enhanced the desired characteristics, improving bioactive compound yields and heightening antioxidant potential. This study uses a green extraction technique to contribute to sustainable sandalwood essential oil production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Extraction and Microextraction Techniques and Their Applications in Sample Preparation)
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9 pages, 1904 KiB  
Article
A Simple and Efficient Approach to Determine Lithium and Multi-Elements in Lithium-Bearing Clay Minerals through a Partial Extraction Using Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride
by Feige Zhang, Qinfeng Zhang, Zhigui Chen, Xiaoqing Fang, Xiaoqi Yu, Guangyi Li and Di Chen
Separations 2024, 11(7), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11070200 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is vital to the world economy as an irreplaceable element in new-generation sustainable energy applications. Quantifying Li levels in clay minerals, a key new resource, supports extensive mineralization surveys. The major limitation in these analyses is complete decomposition, which often requires [...] Read more.
Lithium (Li) is vital to the world economy as an irreplaceable element in new-generation sustainable energy applications. Quantifying Li levels in clay minerals, a key new resource, supports extensive mineralization surveys. The major limitation in these analyses is complete decomposition, which often requires the use of strong acids and is labor-intensive, particularly in batch processing. This paper presents a partial extraction strategy for quantifying Li and multiple elements, employing ammonium hydrogen fluoride to extract from clay minerals while avoiding the use of various strong acids. Following extraction, the efficiency for Li reaches 98.61%, with values ranging from 62.68% to 91.43% for multiple elements including three major elements (Ca, Fe, Mg) and eleven trace elements (Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, P, Rb, Sr, V), demonstrating favorable precision (RSD below 7.34%). This approach offers a promising tool for a simple and efficient batch analysis in the survey of mineralization in Li-bearing clay deposits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Extraction and Microextraction Techniques and Their Applications in Sample Preparation)
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13 pages, 3640 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Quaternary-Ammonium-Lignin-Based Ionic Liquids and Comparison of Extraction Behavior of Co(II) and Ni(II) with 2-Ethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid Mono-2-Ethylhexyl Ester
by Guijiang Li and Wenze Xu
Separations 2024, 11(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040116 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1202
Abstract
The escalating demand for cobalt in modern industry necessitates the recycling or extraction of this resource for sustainable development. Despite the abundance of lignin in nature, its utilization remains low, highlighting the need to enhance its value-added potential. This study focuses on the [...] Read more.
The escalating demand for cobalt in modern industry necessitates the recycling or extraction of this resource for sustainable development. Despite the abundance of lignin in nature, its utilization remains low, highlighting the need to enhance its value-added potential. This study focuses on the synthesis of quaternary ammonium lignin (QAL) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) as ionic liquid (QP–IL) compounds for the extraction of metal ions. A comparison of the extraction behavior of Co(II) and Ni(II) from chloride solution between QP–IL and P507 revealed varying extraction ratios under different conditions, with QP–IL demonstrating a higher cobalt extractability than P507. Furthermore, under identical conditions, QP–IL exhibited superior Co/Ni separation performance (βCo/Ni) compared to P507. Ultimately, QP–IL proved to be more effective than P507 in separating cobalt from mixed solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Extraction and Microextraction Techniques and Their Applications in Sample Preparation)
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Review

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21 pages, 4459 KiB  
Review
Green Technology for Fungal Protein Extraction—A Review
by Tanvir Ahmed, Md Suzauddula, Khadiza Akter, Monir Hossen and Md Nazmul Islam
Separations 2024, 11(6), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11060186 - 13 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2960
Abstract
Fungal proteins are highlighted for their nutritional value and bioactive properties, making them a significant alternative to traditional protein sources. This review evaluates various green extraction technologies, including enzymatic-, ultrasound-, higher-pressure homogenization-, microwave-assisted, pulsed electric fields-, and supercritical fluid-assisted extraction, focusing on their [...] Read more.
Fungal proteins are highlighted for their nutritional value and bioactive properties, making them a significant alternative to traditional protein sources. This review evaluates various green extraction technologies, including enzymatic-, ultrasound-, higher-pressure homogenization-, microwave-assisted, pulsed electric fields-, and supercritical fluid-assisted extraction, focusing on their effectiveness in disrupting fungal cell walls and preserving protein integrity. The findings indicate that these technologies could have the potential to improve protein yield and quality, addressing the challenges posed by fungal cell walls’ complex and resilient structure. The review also underscores the bioactivities of fungal proteins, including antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The conclusion emphasises the need for further optimisation and scaling of these technologies, as well as exploring a wider range of fungal species to fully understand their potential as sustainable protein sources. Future research directions include refining extraction methods, integrating multiple approaches, and utilising novel green solvents to maximise efficiency and yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Extraction and Microextraction Techniques and Their Applications in Sample Preparation)
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