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Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable...
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Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems

A special issue of Solar (ISSN 2673-9941).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 19726

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Philippe Poure

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut Jean Lamour (UMR7198), Université de Lorraine, Campus Artem - BP 50840, F-54511 Nancy, France
Interests: energy harvesting; solar energy; power and energy architectures; energy conversion and storage; energy conversion and efficiency; maximum power point tracking techniques; energy management; DC-DC conversion; operation under faulty conditions; prognostics and diagnostics; fault tolerant operation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Shamsodin Taheri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Département d'informatique et d'ingénierie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
Interests: solar systems; microgrid operation and control; power system analysis; power electronics; energy conversion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of the journal Solar on the subject area of “Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems”. Solar PV energy harvesting towards electrical power generation appears to be one of the best solutions that provides sufficient and clean electrical energy. Power electronic conversion greatly impacts the performances of the PV systems. In addition to power electronic architectures for conventional central, string and multistring configurations of PV modules, distributed module converter architectures are also increasingly investigated (DC-DC power optimizer, DC-AC microinverters, modular cascaded DC-DC converters, etc.). Differential power processing architectures are also addressed to mitigate mismatches in the series-connected modules of the PV systems. More, power electronics architectures with fault tolerant capabilities are also studied, to ensure the electrical power generation. In all these cases, the design of efficient and reliable power electronic converters attracts the scientific and industrial interests. For example, DC-DC converters and associated control methods are crucial to perform critical global targets in energy efficiency and fault tolerant operation.

Within this subject, this Special Issue is focused on conversion, control and power electronics architectures for monitoring an optimal and safe production of PV systems.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Isolated and non-isolated DC-DC converter architectures for PV systems;
  • Modeling and control for optimal electrical energy production in PV systems;
  • Design and optimization of efficient converters for PV systems;
  • Multi-input DC-DC converters for PV systems with energy storage;
  • Maximum power point tracking techniques;
  • Differential power processing converter architectures in PV systems with mismatched modules;
  • Distributed converter architectures at PV module level;
  • Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of converter architectures for PV systems;
  • PV systems with fault tolerant capabilities: power and energy architectures, energy management, advanced control method under healthy and faulty conditions, and islanded PV systems.

Prof. Dr. Philippe Poure
Prof. Dr. Shamsodin Taheri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Solar is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power and energy architectures for PV systems
  • power electronic converters for PV systems
  • isolated and non-isolated DC-DC converters
  • energy conversion and efficiency
  • PV systems with mismatched modules
  • energy management
  • maximum power point tracking techniques
  • fault tolerant operation of PV systems: fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control
  • efficient and reliable converters under faulty conditions

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3431 KiB  
Article
Limits of Harmonic Stability Analysis for Commercially Available Single-Phase Inverters for Photovoltaic Applications
by Elias Kaufhold, Jan Meyer, Johanna Myrzik and Peter Schegner
Solar 2024, 4(3), 387-400; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar4030017 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 902
Abstract
The growth of renewables in public energy networks requires suitable strategies to assess the stable operation of the respective power electronic devices, e.g., inverters. Different assessment methods can be performed with regard to the available knowledge and the assessment objective, e.g., a specific [...] Read more.
The growth of renewables in public energy networks requires suitable strategies to assess the stable operation of the respective power electronic devices, e.g., inverters. Different assessment methods can be performed with regard to the available knowledge and the assessment objective, e.g., a specific frequency range or the input signal characteristics that are typically classified into small-signal and large-signal disturbances. This paper addresses the limits of the measurement-based small-signal stability analysis in the harmonic frequency range of commercially available single-phase inverters for photovoltaic applications. The harmonic stability is analyzed, and the results for a sinusoidal background voltage and distorted background voltages are assessed based on measurements. The measurements prove that even in the harmonic frequency range, the harmonic stability analysis can only provide a sufficient but not a necessary condition in terms of the statement towards an instable operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems)
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14 pages, 2844 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar–Battery–Diesel System: A Case Study of Galapagos Islands
by Luis E. Garces-Palacios, Carlos D. Rodríguez-Gallegos, Fernando Vaca-Urbano, Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado, Oktoviano Gandhi and César A. Rodríguez-Gallegos
Solar 2024, 4(2), 232-245; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar4020011 - 6 Apr 2024
Viewed by 4547
Abstract
In this study, the sizing problem of hybrid diesel–photovoltaic–battery systems was determined using a particle swarm optimization approach. The goal was to optimize the number of solar panels and batteries that could be installed to reduce the overall cost of an isolated grid [...] Read more.
In this study, the sizing problem of hybrid diesel–photovoltaic–battery systems was determined using a particle swarm optimization approach. The goal was to optimize the number of solar panels and batteries that could be installed to reduce the overall cost of an isolated grid system, originally powered by diesel generators, located on Isabela Island in the Galapagos, Ecuador. In this study, real solar radiation and temperature profiles were used, as well as the load demand and electrical distribution system relative to this island. The results reveal that the total cost for the proposed approach is lower as it reaches the global optimal solution. It also highlights the advantage of a hybrid diesel–photovoltaic–battery (DG-PV-BAT) system compared to conventional systems operated exclusively by diesel generators (DGs) and systems made up of DGs and PV panels; compared to them, a reduction in diesel consumption and total cost (71% and 56%, respectively) is achieved. The DG-PV-BAT system also considerably improves environmental factors and the quality of the power line. This study demonstrates the advantages of hybridizing systems isolated from the network through the proposed approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems)
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13 pages, 2751 KiB  
Article
A Quantitative Analysis of the Need for High Conversion Efficiency PV Technologies in Carbon Mitigation Strategies
by Kenneth M. Hughes and Chris C. Phillips
Solar 2024, 4(2), 209-221; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar4020009 - 26 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1164
Abstract
We consider the restrictions on photovoltaic (PV) capacity that are caused by limitations on where panels can be sited and find quantitative evidence for the need for high efficiencies. We define 15% of the UK’s energy consumption as a “significant” contribution and, with [...] Read more.
We consider the restrictions on photovoltaic (PV) capacity that are caused by limitations on where panels can be sited and find quantitative evidence for the need for high efficiencies. We define 15% of the UK’s energy consumption as a “significant” contribution and, with London as an exemplar, we perform an idealised calculation that makes the most optimistic possible assumptions about the capabilities of future PV technologies and use published surveys on energy usage, dwelling type and insolation. We find that covering every UK domestic roof with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) solar panels currently commercially available could produce up to 9% of the UK’s energy. A 15% contribution would require PV technologies with >37% PCE, more than the theoretical Shockley–Queisser limit. Replacing the idealising assumptions with more realistic estimates increases this by 2–3 times. Alternatively, a solar farm using the currently available PCEs would require a politically challenging ~1200 km2 of new land, roughly the area of Greater London, for this 15% contribution. We conclude that PCEs must be driven higher than even the Shockley–Queisser limit for PV to play a significant part in carbon mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems)
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13 pages, 2554 KiB  
Article
Temporal Resolution of Input Weather Data Strongly Affects an Off-Grid PV System Layout and Reliability
by Alexander V. Klokov and Egor Y. Loktionov
Solar 2023, 3(1), 49-61; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3010004 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2338
Abstract
Renewable energy systems design using average year weather data is a standard approach that works well for grid-tied systems, but for stand-alone ones, it leads to dramatic mistakes. We considered the effect of meteorological data temporal resolution (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 min; [...] Read more.
Renewable energy systems design using average year weather data is a standard approach that works well for grid-tied systems, but for stand-alone ones, it leads to dramatic mistakes. We considered the effect of meteorological data temporal resolution (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 min; 1, 2, 3, 4 h) on a stand-alone hybrid system’s layout in terms of equipment cost, power supply reliability and maximum duration of interruption for monitoring equipment in the Alps. We have shown that lifecycle costs could be strongly (order of magnitude) underestimated for off-grid systems, as well as their reliability overestimated. Lower temporal resolution data lead to the underestimation of energy storage charge–discharge cycles (considering depth of discharge too)—real batteries are to be replaced more often, which matches our practical experience as well. Even a 5 to 10 min decrease in weather data temporal resolution leads to the estimated annual expenses being halved. In general, we recommend using 30 min resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems)
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24 pages, 9530 KiB  
Article
Dimensioning and Lifetime Prediction Model for a Hybrid, Hydrogen-Based Household PV Energy System Using Matlab/Simulink
by Marius C. Möller and Stefan Krauter
Solar 2023, 3(1), 25-48; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3010003 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3543
Abstract
This paper presents a model of an energy system for a private household extended by a lifetime prognosis. The energy system was designed for fully covering the year-round energy demand of a private household on the basis of electricity generated by a photovoltaic [...] Read more.
This paper presents a model of an energy system for a private household extended by a lifetime prognosis. The energy system was designed for fully covering the year-round energy demand of a private household on the basis of electricity generated by a photovoltaic (PV) system, using a hybrid energy storage system consisting of a hydrogen unit and a lithium-ion battery. Hydrogen is produced with a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser by PV surplus during the summer months and then stored in a hydrogen tank. Mainly during winter, in terms of lack of PV energy, the hydrogen is converted back into electricity and heat by a fuel cell. The model was created in Matlab/Simulink and is based on real input data. Heat demand was also taken into account and is covered by a heat pump. The simulation period is a full year to account for the seasonality of energy production and demand. Due to high initial costs, the longevity of such an energy system is of vital interest. Therefore, this model was extended by a lifetime prediction in order to optimize the dimensioning with the aim of lifetime extension of a hydrogen-based energy system. Lifetime influencing factors were identified on the basis of a literature review and were integrated in the model. An extensive parameter study was performed to evaluate different dimensionings regarding the energy balance and the lifetime of the three components, electrolyser, fuel cell and lithium-ion battery. The results demonstrate the benefits of a holistic modelling approach and enable a design optimization regarding the use of resources, lifetime and self-sufficiency of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems)
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Review

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40 pages, 6374 KiB  
Review
A Review of Photovoltaic Module Failure and Degradation Mechanisms: Causes and Detection Techniques
by Hussain Al Mahdi, Paul G. Leahy, Mohammad Alghoul and Alan P. Morrison
Solar 2024, 4(1), 43-82; https://doi.org/10.3390/solar4010003 - 9 Jan 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6003
Abstract
With the global increase in the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules in recent years, the need to explore and understand their reported failure mechanisms has become crucial. Despite PV modules being considered reliable devices, failures and extreme degradations often occur. Some degradations and [...] Read more.
With the global increase in the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules in recent years, the need to explore and understand their reported failure mechanisms has become crucial. Despite PV modules being considered reliable devices, failures and extreme degradations often occur. Some degradations and failures within the normal range may be minor and not cause significant harm. Others may initially be mild but can rapidly deteriorate, leading to catastrophic accidents, particularly in harsh environments. This paper conducts a state-of-the-art literature review to examine PV failures, their types, and their root causes based on the components of PV modules (from protective glass to junction box). It outlines the hazardous consequences arising from PV module failures and describes the potential damage they can bring to the PV system. The literature reveals that each component is susceptible to specific types of failure, with some components deteriorating on their own and others impacting additional PV components, leading to more severe failures. Finally, this review briefly summarises PV failure detection techniques, emphasising the significance of electrical characterisation techniques and underlining the importance of considering more electrical parameters. Most importantly, this review identifies the most prevalent degradation processes, laying the foundation for further investigation by the PV research community through modelling and experimental studies. This allows for early detection by comparing PV performance when failures or degradation occur to prevent serious progression. It is worth noting that most of the studies included in this review primarily focus on detailing failures and degradation observed in PV operations, which can be attributed to various factors, including the manufacturing process and other external influences. Hence, they provide explanations of these failure mechanisms and causes but do not extensively explore corrective actions or propose solutions based on either laboratory experiments or real-world experience. Although, within this field of study, there are corresponding studies that have designed experiments to suggest preventive measures and potential solutions, an in-depth review of those studies is beyond the scope of this paper. However, this paper, in turn, serves as a valuable resource for scholars by confining PV failures to critically evaluate available studies for preventative measures and corrective actions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics Architectures and Associated Control for Efficient and Reliable Solar PV Systems)
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