Sustainability

2023

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020

27 pages, 858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Liable and Sustainable by Design: A Toolbox for a Regulatory Compliant and Sustainable Tech

by Anna Aseeva

Sustainability 2024, 16(1), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010228 - 26 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1571

Abstract

The pandemic has exacerbated the effects of the digital transformation: the extractive economy is steadily giving way to the new economic space—the digital economy. This transformation shakes the very foundations of the existence and purpose of law, i.e., the regulation of social relations. [...] Read more.

The pandemic has exacerbated the effects of the digital transformation: the extractive economy is steadily giving way to the new economic space—the digital economy. This transformation shakes the very foundations of the existence and purpose of law, i.e., the regulation of social relations. However, today, the consequences of developing tech in an unsustainable manner are becoming obvious. Despite the internet’s many benefits, it also erodes trust and fuels misinformation, polarization, and inequality. These developments occur partly because the algorithms that shape our economies, society, and even public discourse were developed with few legal restrictions or commonly held ethical standards. It is becoming increasingly obvious that the technologies that currently shape our socio-economic relations must be consistent with both our shared norms and values and the existing rules. The main question of this study is how to correctly introduce tech that is legal by design, but also, and especially, liable and sustainable by design. The underlying questions are hence, firstly: to this end, do we need (to create) a whole new body of norms, law, and regulation? Alternatively, are there already legal fields, concepts, and tools that can help us lay comprehensive groundwork for tech that is liable and sustainable by design? The central object of this study is to address this problem with regard to the types of organization that is in any way involved in or at least related to tech and innovation, essentially, the Web 3-4 actors. My principal method is systems analysis, which engages with a system as a whole. The construct of regulatory compliant and sustainable tech is thus analysed both functionally and institutionally, with concepts including norm-setting and law-making, formal application and enforcement, case law, real-world effects, and limitations. The objective of the article is to first synthesize the pre-existing legal and regulatory fields and constructs, and then analyse in a succinct yet systematic manner the conditions for their applicability to, and efficiency for, regulation of Web 3.0 (and soon, Web 4.0), as well as their limits. In the course of the study, I found that there are a few pre-existing legal fields, concepts, and tools that can pave the way to creating a Web that is liable and sustainable by design. I have also identified two key developments that arise from the digital transformation: (i) the digital economic space creates the so-called governance and regulatory gaps; and (ii) some of these gaps are rapidly filled (at times, successfully and at times, less so) by a burgeoning newest legal framework (national and supranational targeted regulation, legislation, and case law), which has been growing especially rapidly since the global digital ‘leap’ facilitated by the COVID-19 pandemic in the beginning of the 2020s. To conclude, the article summarizes both pre-existing and new tools and thus offers a ready-to-use toolkit for a regulatory compliant and sustainable tech (including a table summarizing the toolkit), which is the key aim of this paper. Full article

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2022

Jump to: 2023, 2021, 2020

11 pages, 1870 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digitalisation of Agricultural Production for Precision Farming: A Case Study

by Karina R. Mukhamedova, Natalya P. Cherepkova, Alexandr V. Korotkov, Zhanerke B. Dagasheva and Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 14802; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214802 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3550

Abstract

The introduction of a digital platform for practical use at an agro-industrial enterprise is of great practical importance for the development of precision farming. Modern digital information systems are an integral part of precision farming and, in many ways, their foundation. During the [...] Read more.

The introduction of a digital platform for practical use at an agro-industrial enterprise is of great practical importance for the development of precision farming. Modern digital information systems are an integral part of precision farming and, in many ways, their foundation. During the work on the Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) project, software and methodological framework for the use of precision farming techniques and information technologies for managing the process of growing crops in the field was developed. The introduction of a digital platform was carried out as an important experiment. Research methods such as bibliographic analysis and statistical processing were used. This study used modelling and statistical estimation of parameters. The findings were used to estimate the volume of transactions. In addition, during the experiment, communication schemes were worked out. The channel for receiving and transmitting information was tested, along with the channel-forming equipment (routers, switches, gateways) and the basic settings. The study checked the integration of the platform with external systems. A test was carried out for the passage of digital signals to the platform, including various electronic forms and reports. The recommendation for the policy planner is to ensure the required accuracy of the results. The practical value of our findings is that the electronic recording and preservation of the history of fieldwork and crops can help agro-industry workers in preparing special reports on the production cycle. Full article

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33 pages, 777 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Contribution of Data-Driven Technologies in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

by Nadine Bachmann, Shailesh Tripathi, Manuel Brunner and Herbert Jodlbauer

Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 2497; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052497 - 22 Feb 2022

Cited by 62 | Viewed by 16377

Abstract

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out to improve the quality of life of people in developed, emerging, and developing countries by covering social and economic aspects, with a focus on environmental sustainability. At the same time, data-driven technologies influence our [...] Read more.

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out to improve the quality of life of people in developed, emerging, and developing countries by covering social and economic aspects, with a focus on environmental sustainability. At the same time, data-driven technologies influence our lives in all areas and have caused fundamental economical and societal changes. This study presents a comprehensive literature review on how data-driven approaches have enabled or inhibited the successful achievement of the 17 SDGs to date. Our findings show that data-driven analytics and tools contribute to achieving the 17 SDGs, e.g., by making information more reliable, supporting better-informed decision-making, implementing data-based policies, prioritizing actions, and optimizing the allocation of resources. Based on a qualitative content analysis, results were aggregated into a conceptual framework, including the following categories: (1) uses of data-driven methods (e.g., monitoring, measurement, mapping or modeling, forecasting, risk assessment, and planning purposes), (2) resulting positive effects, (3) arising challenges, and (4) recommendations for action to overcome these challenges. Despite positive effects and versatile applications, problems such as data gaps, data biases, high energy consumption of computational resources, ethical concerns, privacy, ownership, and security issues stand in the way of achieving the 17 SDGs. Full article

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2021

Jump to: 2023, 2022, 2020

15 pages, 622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tracing Relationship between Cluster’s Performance and Transition to the Circular Economy

by Kristina Razminienė, Irina Vinogradova-Zinkevič and Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13933; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413933 - 16 Dec 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2310

Abstract

Clusters are defined as geographically close groups of organizations that work together to gain a competitive advantage. Clusters’ shared activities involve knowledge sharing, a common pool of resources, innovations, and cooperation. From a more advanced perspective, clusters can work in industrial symbiosis sharing [...] Read more.

Clusters are defined as geographically close groups of organizations that work together to gain a competitive advantage. Clusters’ shared activities involve knowledge sharing, a common pool of resources, innovations, and cooperation. From a more advanced perspective, clusters can work in industrial symbiosis sharing resources, energy, water, and other products. Tendencies of recent research indicate the growing interest in shifting to an efficient use of resources and sustainable development through the circular economy (CE). Clusters can work as enablers of CE to achieve a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to trace the relationships between cluster performance and shifting to the CE indicators. Correlation analysis was used as a method to indicate the relationships between pairs of clusters’ performance and shifting to the CE indicators. The limitations of the research refer to the selection of the indicators as both concepts gain insights, although still debatable. The results show that 16 out of 25 cluster performance indicators were identified that have strong or moderate relationships among pairs while shifting to the CE indicators. These indicators are recommended to be included in observation, benchmarking, or evaluation of the clusters’ activities. They can be significant in monitoring the development of shifting to the CE or in combinations with other research areas. Full article

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20 pages, 610 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consumers’ Journey between Liquid and Solid Consumption

by Edoardo Beretta, Giulia Miniero and Francesco Ricotta

Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13730; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413730 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4471

Abstract

Sharing economy brought changes both at the macroeconomic and the individual level. New models of consumption, such as the liquid one, are becoming very frequent, shaping countries’ productive systems and consumers’ habits. This paper—combining both theoretical approaches—aims at measuring the individual characteristics that [...] Read more.

Sharing economy brought changes both at the macroeconomic and the individual level. New models of consumption, such as the liquid one, are becoming very frequent, shaping countries’ productive systems and consumers’ habits. This paper—combining both theoretical approaches—aims at measuring the individual characteristics that induce consumers to prefer liquid versus solid consumption. First, the article contextualizes the topic from a broader, macroeconomic perspective, and later on, it narrows its angle of view making it rather microeconomic and behavioral. In this specific regard, by means of a cluster analysis, four profiles of consumers are identified: (1) Rational and liquid; (2) Hybrid and question mark; (3) Solid in transition; (4) Hyper solid. Characteristics as well as theoretical and managerial implications are outlined for each cluster. This research focusing on emerging consumer behavior contributes to the current debate on solid and liquid consumption (i) exploring the continuum between these two extremes, (ii) defining a first behavioral profile of customer that are traveling between solid and liquid state and (iii) designing a possible way to target such a blurred and fast evolving customer that mostly qualifies a global and rapidly evolving economic environment. Full article

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32 pages, 2005 KiB

Open AccessReview

Blockchain for Smart Mobility—Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

by Erik Karger, Marvin Jagals and Frederik Ahlemann

Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13268; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313268 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5583

Abstract

Today’s cities face numerous challenges due to climate change and urbanization. The concept of a smart city aims to help cities to address these challenges by adapting modern information and communication technology. Smart mobility and transportation form one important aspect of smart cities. [...] Read more.

Today’s cities face numerous challenges due to climate change and urbanization. The concept of a smart city aims to help cities to address these challenges by adapting modern information and communication technology. Smart mobility and transportation form one important aspect of smart cities. Inefficient mobility in cities can lead to problems such as traffic congestion, which results in frustration for residents and a decrease in the quality of life. Against the backdrop of global warming, cities also strive to reduce CO₂ emissions, an attempt which requires sustainable and novel mobility concepts. Blockchain is a current technology, said to have huge potential, that is being investigated for application in many facets of smart cities. In the context of smart mobility, blockchain can be used for transactions relating to ridesharing and electric charging, handling of interactions of platoon members, or serving as a foundation for communication between vehicles. Although initial research about this topic exists, it is distributed among different use-cases and applications. This article conducts a systematic literature review to analyze blockchain’s role in mobility and transportation in smart cities, and its potential to increase efficiency in these areas. With this review, we aim to consolidate and summarize the current knowledge about this topic. As a first result, we present the findings from our literature review, which can be divided into five categories of use-cases. We also present a platform for further research about this emerging topic by identifying promising future research avenues. For this purpose, we derive a future research agenda based on our findings. Full article

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19 pages, 785 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Influence of Strategic Resources on the Quality of Life in Spanish Cities

by Susana Iglesias-Antelo, Vicente López-López and Antonio Vázquez-Sanmartín

Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13048; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313048 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2309

Abstract

Quality of life (QoL) is both a main concern of good local governance and an indicator of city performance. A key question to answer is that of what resources have the potential to enhance city performance, thus providing added value to stakeholders. By [...] Read more.

Quality of life (QoL) is both a main concern of good local governance and an indicator of city performance. A key question to answer is that of what resources have the potential to enhance city performance, thus providing added value to stakeholders. By adopting a resource-based view (RBV), this paper explores the relationships between a group of strategic resources (e-government, transparency, and reputation) and QoL in a sample of 78 Spanish municipalities. Our study makes a contribution by providing an original design of a set of relations among our own selected resources and between them and quality of life. In order to test those relations, we define and create four constructs by using four different data sources and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show a positive influence of resources on QoL, which is supported by a number of positive direct and indirect interactions among them. This means that municipalities with better strategic resources in local governments exhibit a higher level of quality of life. Full article

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19 pages, 619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Achieving Resilience and Business Sustainability during COVID-19: The Role of Lean Supply Chain Practices and Digitalization

by Matteo Trabucco and Pietro De Giovanni

Sustainability 2021, 13(22), 12369; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212369 - 9 Nov 2021

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 7035

Abstract

This paper investigates how firms can enjoy a sustainable business even during the COVID-19 pandemic. The adoption of lean coordination mechanisms over the supply chain (SC) and lean approaches in omnichannel strategies can guarantee the business sustainability and resilience. Furthermore, we investigate whether [...] Read more.

This paper investigates how firms can enjoy a sustainable business even during the COVID-19 pandemic. The adoption of lean coordination mechanisms over the supply chain (SC) and lean approaches in omnichannel strategies can guarantee the business sustainability and resilience. Furthermore, we investigate whether business sustainability, along with digitalization through mobile apps, Artificial Intelligence systems, and Big Data and Machine Learning enable firms’ resilience. We first explore the background on the subject, identify the research gap, and develop some research hypotheses to be tested. Then, we present the data collection process and the sample, which finally consists of firms from different sectors, including retailing, electronics, pharmaceutics, and agriculture. Several logistic regression models are developed and estimated to generate findings and managerial insights. Our results show that a lean omnichannel approach is an effective practice to preserve production costs, SC visibility, inventory available over the SC, and sales. Furthermore, lean coordination with contracts can make a business sustainable by preserving quality, ROI, production costs, customer service, and inventory availability. Finally, firms can be highly sustainable through resilience when they engage in sustainable ROI, SC visibility, and sales; in contrast, the adoption of mobile apps worsens firms’ resilience, which is not influenced by Artificial Intelligence and Big Data and Machine Learning. Full article

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29 pages, 9017 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carpooling Platforms as Smart City Projects: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review

by Leonidas G. Anthopoulos and Dimitrios N. Tzimos

Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10680; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910680 - 26 Sep 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5809

Abstract

Carpooling schemes for mutual cost benefits between the driver and the passengers has a long history. However, the convenience of driving alone, the increasing level of car ownership, and the difficulties in finding travelers with matching timing and routes keep car occupancy low. [...] Read more.

Carpooling schemes for mutual cost benefits between the driver and the passengers has a long history. However, the convenience of driving alone, the increasing level of car ownership, and the difficulties in finding travelers with matching timing and routes keep car occupancy low. Technology is a key enabler of online platforms which facilitate the ride matching process and lead to an increase in carpooling services. Smart carpooling services may be an alternative and enrichment for mobility, which can help smart cities (SCs) reduce traffic congestion and gas emissions but require the appropriate architecture to support connection with the city infrastructure such as high-occupancy vehicle lanes, parking space, tolls, and the public transportation services. To better understand the evolution of carpooling platforms in SCs, bibliometric analysis of three separate specialized literature collections, combined with a systematic literature review, is performed. It is identified that smart carpooling platforms could generate additional value for participants and SCs. To deliver this value to an SC, a multi-sided platform business model is proposed, suitable for a carpooling service provider with multiple customer segments and partners. Finally, after examining the SC structure, a carpooling platform architecture is presented, which interconnects with the applicable smart city layers. Full article

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14 pages, 285 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Firm and Board Characteristics, and E-Waste Disclosure: A Study in the Era of Digitalisation

by Hafizah Abd-Mutalib, Che Zuriana Muhammad Jamil, Rapiah Mohamed, Nor Atikah Shafai and Saidatul Nurul Hidayah Jannatun Naim Nor-Ahmad

Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10417; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810417 - 18 Sep 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3368

Abstract

Business sectors face the advent of digitalisation, bringing attention to e-waste, or waste generated from obsolete electrical and electronic appliances. In addressing this issue, the study intends to examine e-waste disclosure by Bursa Malaysia listed firms. Specifically, this study investigates the extent and [...] Read more.

Business sectors face the advent of digitalisation, bringing attention to e-waste, or waste generated from obsolete electrical and electronic appliances. In addressing this issue, the study intends to examine e-waste disclosure by Bursa Malaysia listed firms. Specifically, this study investigates the extent and quality of e-waste disclosure, observes whether the reporting differs between industries and the boards on which the firms are listed, and investigates if e-waste disclosure is associated with firm and board characteristics. A total of 92 firms in the telecommunication and technology industries, listed on the Main and Ace boards of Bursa Malaysia, were selected as samples. The results reveal that despite an indication that e-waste reporting applies to the two sectors, only 16% of the firms report their commitment to managing e-waste. The disclosure shows how e-waste reporting is low in quantity and is circulated with only very general, qualitative information. An independent sample t-test reveals that firms listed on the Main board report significantly more e-waste information than their counterparts. Another t-test indicates an insignificant difference in e-waste disclosure between the firms under study. Furthermore, firm size significantly impacts e-waste disclosure, while firm performance, board size, and board gender diversity show insignificant impact. The results of this preliminary study shed some light on business firms’ commitment towards their e-waste management and reporting, which is a substantial factor for Malaysia to achieve environmental sustainability. Full article

33 pages, 4241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Engineering Machine-Learning Automation Platform (EMAP): A Big-Data-Driven AI Tool for Contractors’ Sustainable Management Solutions for Plant Projects

by So-Won Choi, Eul-Bum Lee and Jong-Hyun Kim

Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10384; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810384 - 17 Sep 2021

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 8349

Abstract

Plant projects, referred to as Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC), generate massive amounts of data throughout their life cycle, from the planning stages to the operation and maintenance (OM) stages. Many EPC contractors struggle with their projects due to the complexity of the [...] Read more.

Plant projects, referred to as Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC), generate massive amounts of data throughout their life cycle, from the planning stages to the operation and maintenance (OM) stages. Many EPC contractors struggle with their projects due to the complexity of the decision-making processes, owing to the vast amount of project data generated during each project stage. In line with the fourth industrial revolution, the demand for engineering project management solutions to apply artificial intelligence (AI) in big data technology is increasing. The purpose of this study was to predict the risk of contractor and support decision-making at each project stage using machine-learning (ML) technology based on data generated in the bidding, engineering, construction, and OM stages of EPC projects. As a result of this study, the Engineering Machine-learning Automation Platform (EMAP), a cloud-based integrated analysis tool applied with big data and AI/ML technology, was developed. EMAP is an intelligent decision support system that consists of five modules: Invitation to Bid (ITB) Analysis, Design Cost Estimation, Design Error Checking, Change Order Forecasting, and Equipment Predictive Maintenance, using advanced AI/ML algorithms. In addition, each module was validated through case studies to assure the performance and accuracy of the module. This study contributes to the strengthening of the risk response for each stage of the EPC project, especially preventing errors by the project managers, and improving their work accuracy. Project risk management using AI/ML breaks away from the existing risk management practices centered on statistical analysis, and further expands the research scalability of related works. Full article

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19 pages, 1556 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Entrepreneurship Make You Happier? A Comparative Analysis between Entrepreneurs and Wage Earners

by Rafael Ravina-Ripoll, María-José Foncubierta-Rodríguez, Eduardo Ahumada-Tello and Luis Bayardo Tobar-Pesantez

Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 9997; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13189997 - 7 Sep 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3227

Abstract

Currently, age is characterized by implementing business management models based on precarious work and a massive reduction in jobs. This article aims to analyze the degree of happiness perceived in Spanish entrepreneurs, as opposed to that perceived by the employees, and if that [...] Read more.

Currently, age is characterized by implementing business management models based on precarious work and a massive reduction in jobs. This article aims to analyze the degree of happiness perceived in Spanish entrepreneurs, as opposed to that perceived by the employees, and if that happiness is associated with certain sociodemographic variables (such as gender, level of studies, and income level). For this purpose, a brief literature review of the economy of happiness is carried out, considering studies regarding the happiness–entrepreneurship connection over the past few years. With data provided by the Sociological Research Center (C.I.S.) barometer survey, we work in two phases: (1) descriptive and inferential on possible associations between the variables, and (2) the calculation of probabilities through logistic regression. The main result shows that the entrepreneurs with employees are happiest. When the null hypothesis is rejected, the categories that seem to show the most happiness are those with higher education and those in the highest income ranges analyzed. Among the main limitations in this work is the scarcity of bibliographic production on the subject matter of this paper. This paper helps to cover part of this gap. Full article

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20 pages, 378 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fermatean Fuzzy CRITIC-COPRAS Method for Evaluating the Challenges to Industry 4.0 Adoption for a Sustainable Digital Transformation

by Mahyar Kamali Saraji, Dalia Streimikiene and Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos

Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9577; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179577 - 25 Aug 2021

Cited by 81 | Viewed by 4416

Abstract

Decision and policymakers are looking at the potential of Industry 4.0 smart technologies to create a green economy as the European Commission aims to deliver the European Green Deal by rethinking policies for clean energy supply. Industry 4.0 will eventually be applied to [...] Read more.

Decision and policymakers are looking at the potential of Industry 4.0 smart technologies to create a green economy as the European Commission aims to deliver the European Green Deal by rethinking policies for clean energy supply. Industry 4.0 will eventually be applied to all aspects of life; however, it is necessary to identify the challenges to the adoption of Industry 4.0 for a sustainable digital transformation. In this vein, the present study aims to identify the challenges to the adoption of Industry 4.0 in fintech companies and to develop a novel Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-COPRAS method to rank the identified challenges and evaluate the performance of companies concerning the weighted challenges based on three decision experts’ support. The results indicated that “difficulty in coordination and collaboration” is the most significant challenge to the adoption of Industry 4.0 out of the fourteen identified challenges, followed by “resistance to change” and “governmental support.” In addition, the superiority and efficiency of the proposed method were investigated through comparative analyses. Full article

20 pages, 464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Where Is the Age of Digitalization Heading? The Meaning, Characteristics, and Implications of Contemporary Digital Transformation

by Seunghyun Kim, Byungchul Choi and Yong Kyu Lew

Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8909; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168909 - 9 Aug 2021

Cited by 46 | Viewed by 9592

Abstract

Digital transformation is perceived not only as a change in certain technology but also as a large transition that will ultimately change our lives for the better. Industry convergence, the key to digital transformation, entails, for firms, both various opportunities for innovation and [...] Read more.

Digital transformation is perceived not only as a change in certain technology but also as a large transition that will ultimately change our lives for the better. Industry convergence, the key to digital transformation, entails, for firms, both various opportunities for innovation and the crisis of falling behind. Therefore, from the perspective of firms, it is critical to examine how digital transformation affects their industries and products as well as how they perceive and respond to digital transformation. This is ultimately a matter of how firms survive and maintain sustainable growth in this great upheaval of digital transformation. Based on the understanding of the concept of digital transformation, this study explores how high-growth firms perceive various aspects of digital transformation. The findings show that digital transformation involves a change of firms based on constant innovation, not simply the acceptance of technology, and that there is a large digital divide that depends on the firm size and industry type. Based on the above, this study derives implications in terms of the innovation activities of firms to ensure that digital transformation does not serve as a handicap and barrier for firms. Full article

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18 pages, 1081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing the Critical Factors Influencing Post-Use Trust and Its Impact on Citizens’ Continuous-Use Intention of E-Government: Evidence from Chinese Municipalities

by Wenjuan Li and Lan Xue

Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7698; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147698 - 9 Jul 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4508

Abstract

Whereas the pivotal role of trust in the adoption of e-government was highlighted in prior research, attention was rarely paid thus far to investigate the role of post-use trust and its impact on citizens’ continuous-use intention of e-government. This study develops a comprehensive [...] Read more.

Whereas the pivotal role of trust in the adoption of e-government was highlighted in prior research, attention was rarely paid thus far to investigate the role of post-use trust and its impact on citizens’ continuous-use intention of e-government. This study develops a comprehensive model, which consists of antecedents of post-use trust, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and citizens’ continuous-use intention of e-government, to explain how interactional, government, and environmental factors influence citizens’ post-use trust as well as how post-use trust influences citizens’ continuous-use intention. Using data collected from a survey of 1867 citizen users living in one direct-controlled municipality and four high-population cities in China, this study tests the proposed concept model using structural equation modeling. The results show that trust in government, trust in the internet, service quality, and information quality have positive effects on citizens’ post-use trust. Factors that do not determine a user’s post-use trust are the perception of privacy and security, as well as system quality. Another finding is that citizens’ post-use trust does not directly influence their continuous intention to use e-government. Post-use trust will impact continuous-use intention through whether or not citizens find using e-government useful and satisfying. Full article

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17 pages, 823 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Trust and Risk in Citizens’ E-Government Services Adoption: A Perspective of the Extended UTAUT Model

by Wenjuan Li

Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7671; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147671 - 9 Jul 2021

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 8186

Abstract

This research particularly aims to investigate how trust and perceived risk influence citizens’ e-government adoption. The findings of the study reveal that citizens’ trust of the government (TOG) and trust of the internet (TOI) positively affect citizens’ e-government adoption (EGA); perceived risk (PR) [...] Read more.

This research particularly aims to investigate how trust and perceived risk influence citizens’ e-government adoption. The findings of the study reveal that citizens’ trust of the government (TOG) and trust of the internet (TOI) positively affect citizens’ e-government adoption (EGA); perceived risk (PR) is negatively associated with citizens’ EGA. Interestingly, this study also demonstrates the negative moderating effect of PR on the relationship between TOG and EGA, TOI and EGA. The results also indicate that performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), and facilitation conditions (FC) influence citizens’ EGA positively. Lastly, implications for practice and research are discussed. Full article

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20 pages, 2823 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Behavior as an Output of E-Government Service: The Role of New Technology Integrated in E-Government and Antecedent of Relationship Quality

by Taqwa Hariguna, Athapol Ruangkanjanases and Sarmini

Sustainability 2021, 13(13), 7464; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137464 - 4 Jul 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4365

Abstract

Electronic government has played an essential role in citizen policy strategy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of citizen and government interaction, companies can utilize electronic government facilities to establish direct communication and maintain service quality by integrating new technologies and facilities [...] Read more.

Electronic government has played an essential role in citizen policy strategy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of citizen and government interaction, companies can utilize electronic government facilities to establish direct communication and maintain service quality by integrating new technologies and facilities in electronic government which can provide service via online, embedded with social media integration, implemented with mobile service, using personalized user accounts, e-participation service integration, in combination with ongoing citizen information. Therefore, electronic government facilities must adapt and choose the right content to promote strong citizen relations, leading to citizen behavior to make long-term use of electronic government facilities. This study considered and integrated the latest technology from electronic government and associated it with connection quality. Sustainable motives and faithfulness were used to quantify the quality of citizen relations to electronic government facilities, which can influence the results of citizen behavior. The SmartPLS 2 software was used to quantify and estimate 425 online questionnaire surveys. The results showed that of the 12 hypotheses, eight hypotheses were declared to have a significant effect, consisting of H1, H2, H6–H8, and H10–H12, while the other four hypotheses were stated to have no significant effect, namely H3–H5, and H9. This study was used to guide the government as a provider of electronic government facilities to adapt and provide content following the dimensions of the latest technology to achieve goals and produce sustainable implementation. Full article

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31 pages, 3373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Holistic Evaluation of Digital Applications in the Energy Sector—Evaluation Framework Development and Application to the Use Case Smart Meter Roll-Out

by Paul Weigel, Manfred Fischedick and Peter Viebahn

Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6834; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126834 - 17 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2681

Abstract

The development of digital technologies is accelerating, enabling increasingly profound changes in increasingly short time periods. The changes affect almost all areas of the economy as well as society. The energy sector has already seen some effects of digitalization, but more drastic changes [...] Read more.

The development of digital technologies is accelerating, enabling increasingly profound changes in increasingly short time periods. The changes affect almost all areas of the economy as well as society. The energy sector has already seen some effects of digitalization, but more drastic changes are expected in the next decades. Besides the very positive impacts on costs, system stability, and environmental effects, potential obstacles and risks need to be addressed to ensure that advantages can be exploited while adverse effects are avoided. A good understanding of available and future digital applications from different stakeholders’ perspectives is necessary. This study proposes a framework for the holistic evaluation of digital applications in the energy sector. The framework consists of a combination of well-established methods, namely the multi-criteria analysis (MCA), the life cycle assessment (LCA), and expert interviews. The objective is to create transparency on benefits, obstacles, and risks as a basis for societal and political discussions and to supply the necessary information for the sustainable development and implementation of digital applications. The novelty of the proposed framework is the specific combination of the three methods and its setup to enable sound applicability to the wide variety of digital applications in the energy sector. The framework is tested subsequently on the example of the German smart meter roll-out. The results reveal that, on the one hand, the smart meter roll-out clearly offers the potential to increase the system stability and decrease the carbon emission intensity of the energy system. Therefore, the overall evaluation from an environmental perspective is positive. However, on the other hand, close attention needs to be paid to the required implementation and operational effort, the IT (information technology) and data security, the added value for the user, the social acceptance, and the realization of energy savings. Therefore, the energy utility perspective in particular results in an overall negative evaluation. Several areas with a need for action are identified. Overall, the proposed framework proves to be suitable for the holistic evaluation of this digital application. Full article

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18 pages, 4238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge Sharing in R&D Teams: An Evolutionary Game Model

by Jiuling Xiao, Yuting Bao, Jiankang Wang, Haiyun Yu, Zhenzhong Ma and Lei Jing

Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6664; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126664 - 11 Jun 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3814

Abstract

Knowledge sharing plays an important role in promoting innovation and helping improve R&D team performance in the digital age. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this study develops an evolutionary game model of knowledge sharing in R&D teams in order to explore its [...] Read more.

Knowledge sharing plays an important role in promoting innovation and helping improve R&D team performance in the digital age. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this study develops an evolutionary game model of knowledge sharing in R&D teams in order to explore its system evolution path, the evolutionary stability strategy, and the influencing mechanism in knowledge sharing. Then using a simulation model, this study examines the dynamic evolution process of knowledge sharing within R&D teams. The results show that the effectiveness of knowledge sharing in the R&D teams can be promoted by R&D team members’ cognitive ability, knowledge absorption ability, knowledge transformation ability, knowledge innovation ability, and the degree of knowledge complementarity within teams. The simulation results further show that reducing the environmental risk can also effectively improve R&D teams’ innovation performance. The findings of this study thus provide evidence for knowledge sharing as an important route to sustainable development. Full article

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19 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Sustainability of a Real Estate Project Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making

by Nomeda Dobrovolskienė, Anastasija Pozniak and Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Sustainability 2021, 13(8), 4352; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084352 - 14 Apr 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6569

Abstract

Today, sustainability, sustainable development and clean environment come to the fore worldwide. Consequently, the concept of sustainability has been introduced in project management. Sustainability issues have gained particular attention in the real estate sector. However, despite the fact that this sector has a [...] Read more.

Today, sustainability, sustainable development and clean environment come to the fore worldwide. Consequently, the concept of sustainability has been introduced in project management. Sustainability issues have gained particular attention in the real estate sector. However, despite the fact that this sector has a huge impact on the environment and society, real estate projects are most commonly chosen taking into account only their risk and return, and a very limited number of indices and methods are available to assess their sustainability. Moreover, all of the existing indices and models for assessing the sustainability of an investment project take into account only three dimensions of sustainability—environmental, social and economic. Therefore, the novelty of this work lies in constructing a real estate sustainability index (RESI) relying on an additional sustainability aspect—i.e., a technological dimension. The developed sustainability index could be useful in evaluating and comparing real estate projects. It would also promote technological progress and investments in new technologies within projects as sustainability is also considered in a new, technological dimension. A research study was carried out between September 2020 and December 2020. Following an analysis of the literature and different sustainability-related standards relevant for the real estate industry, sustainability criteria were chosen and then grouped into four (environmental, social, economic and technological) categories. The selection and ranking of the most relevant sustainability criteria were performed through a survey. The index was compiled by applying multi-criteria decision making methods. Full article

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25 pages, 2038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mindless Response or Mindful Interpretation: Examining the Effect of Message Influence on Phishing Susceptibility

by Frank Kun-Yueh Chou, Abbott Po-Shun Chen and Vincent Cheng-Lung Lo

Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1651; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041651 - 4 Feb 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4095

Abstract

Influence-based deceptive messages constantly play a critical role in email phishing attacks. However, the literature lacks adequate understanding about how phishing messages with attractive and coercive influence result in the receivers’ adverse consequences. We therefore take the perspective of mindless response and mindful [...] Read more.

Influence-based deceptive messages constantly play a critical role in email phishing attacks. However, the literature lacks adequate understanding about how phishing messages with attractive and coercive influence result in the receivers’ adverse consequences. We therefore take the perspective of mindless response and mindful interpretation to address this issue by examining comprehensive relationships among message influence, cognitive processing, and phishing susceptibility. To accomplish this, a survey approach was adopted after a simulated phishing attack was conducted in campuses. Our empirical evidence shows that both message influence and cognitive processing can lead to people being phished, and a combination of different influences can also trigger cognitive processing. This research makes contributions to the literature of information security, persuading influence, and cognitive psychology. Full article

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20 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pro-Environmental and Pro-Social Engagement in Sustainable Consumption: Exploratory Study

by Aistė Čapienė, Aušra Rūtelionė and Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041601 - 3 Feb 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5264

Abstract

Sustainable consumption, provision of a clean and healthy environment, as well as improvements to the quality of life of current and future generations, are all integral parts of the sustainable development strategy, which is understood as a compromise between the environmental, economic and [...] Read more.

Sustainable consumption, provision of a clean and healthy environment, as well as improvements to the quality of life of current and future generations, are all integral parts of the sustainable development strategy, which is understood as a compromise between the environmental, economic and social objectives of society. The pro-environmental and pro-social consumer engagement in sustainable consumption may lead to behavioral change, thus contributing to the resolution of current global challenges. Although recently the pro-environmental and pro-social engagement concept has received considerable attention, there is still no consensus on what determines it. Moreover, the recent research is limited to identifying individual factors of this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors that determine pro-environmental and pro-social consumer engagement in sustainable consumption. The authors employed a qualitative method approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with consumers engaged in sustainable consumption in Lithuania. The research results reveal that these consumers were affected by cognitive, attitudinal and psychosocial factors. In terms of external factors, consumers named contextual factors for sustainable consumption, social norms and the promotion of sustainable consumption. Research results also show an additional internal factor of perceived responsibility, which means perceived duty as an individual to do good for society and the environment. Full article

17 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Linking Critical Thinking and Knowledge Management: A Conceptual Analysis

by Valdonė Indrašienė, Violeta Jegelevičienė, Odeta Merfeldaitė, Daiva Penkauskienė, Jolanta Pivorienė, Asta Railienė, Justinas Sadauskas and Natalija Valavičienė

Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1476; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031476 - 1 Feb 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7939

Abstract

Knowledge management and critical thinking are two broad and important phenomena for contemporary society. Their concepts are both well-discussed in the literature. However, the existing conceptual links between them have not been analyzed, and the role of critical thinking in the process of [...] Read more.

Knowledge management and critical thinking are two broad and important phenomena for contemporary society. Their concepts are both well-discussed in the literature. However, the existing conceptual links between them have not been analyzed, and the role of critical thinking in the process of effective knowledge management has not been revealed. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting the conceptual connections between knowledge management and critical thinking. In order to reveal the inner structure of each concept and identify the conceptual connections, a critical review was conducted. The results showed the links between the concepts of knowledge management and critical thinking within three dimensions: relationships, process, and goals. In conclusion, each dimension is presented and described, with a special focus on the unexpected and deep intersections revealed between the two concepts on a personal, interpersonal, and societal level. This research may be regarded as providing the basis for further analysis of the links between these two phenomena. Increased awareness of the existence of critical thinking in knowledge management can forge new directions in organizational strategies and staff training programs. Full article

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2020

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11 pages, 234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Top Management Team Digitalization and Firm Internationalization for Sustainable Business

by Emil Velinov, Milan Maly, Yelena Petrenko, Igor Denisov and Vasko Vassilev

Sustainability 2020, 12(22), 9502; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229502 - 15 Nov 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5373

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the existence of firm digitalization and firm internationalization in selected companies in the European Union (EU). The study provides evidence that upper echelon characteristics bring new competences and skills, including digital skills, which are essential [...] Read more.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the existence of firm digitalization and firm internationalization in selected companies in the European Union (EU). The study provides evidence that upper echelon characteristics bring new competences and skills, including digital skills, which are essential for company internationalization in the modern world of turmoil, crisis and uncertainty. The research paper argues that top management team (TMT) characteristics, and particularly digitalization awareness and skills among the senior management, are critical factors for driving success in international markets and for the sustainability of the business. The dataset in this paper includes around one hundred executive and non-executive profiles in selected European countries, distributed in different industrial sectors. The empirical data have been collected from available online secondary sources on private companies in Germany, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The paper’s findings suggest that a relationship exists between TMT digitalization and firm internationalization. Additionally, the paper’s results illustrate that the companies with an on board Chief Information Officer or Chief Digitalization Officer tend to be more international in comparison to those which do not possess these two job positions in their top management. Full article

18 pages, 1859 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Policy Measures Based on Implementation of Digital Technologies in Corrections: Exploratory Study from Slovakia and Beyond

by Kamila Borseková, Jaroslav Klátik, Samuel Koróny, Peter Krištofík, Peter Mihók and Martin Orviský

Sustainability 2020, 12(20), 8643; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208643 - 19 Oct 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2811

Abstract

Across the world, millions of people are incarcerated every year, while hundreds of thousands of them are released back into their home communities. Despite several alternatives within the criminal justice system, incarceration is still considered as the most natural method of correction. This [...] Read more.

Across the world, millions of people are incarcerated every year, while hundreds of thousands of them are released back into their home communities. Despite several alternatives within the criminal justice system, incarceration is still considered as the most natural method of correction. This can lead to different types of unsustainable pathways within a society. Despite the growing importance and increasing use of digital technologies, there are relatively few scientific studies related to the implementation of digital technologies in corrections. Therefore, the present paper aims to assess the sustainable policy measures based on the implementation of digital technologies in corrections, namely electronic monitoring (EM). The originality of our paper is supported by unique primary data gathered during the first national survey on the assessment of sustainability measures of EM in Slovakia. Our research reveals that EM implementation contributes to individual and institutional resilience in a socio-economic context; the requirements for a conditional release of serious offenders with mandatory EM seem to have created sustainable conditions for the use of this form of the EM “back door” scheme. EM programs are aimed at suppressing crime through increased accountability and monitoring, which leads to their sustainability. Maintaining social and family ties, reducing risk of imprisonment and undesirable new ties, and keeping working habits are the main sustainable policy measures of EM that support better social inclusion of offenders. Assessment of the sustainable policy measures based on the implementation of digital technologies in corrections, namely electronic monitoring (EM) uncovered in the present paper, creates space for further research and policy implications. Data protection, automated data processing and artificial intelligence in the implementation of digital technologies in corrections are important topics that deserve much more attention in research. Full article

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20 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supporting the Sustainability of Natural Fiber-Based Value Chains of SMEs through Digitalization

by Aida Kamišalić, Martina Šestak and Tina Beranič

Sustainability 2020, 12(19), 8121; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198121 - 1 Oct 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5055

Abstract

SMEs represent a significant share of business companies in Europe. Their limitations might be overcome by using value chains, resulting in successful development and growth also within traditionally low-digitalized, natural fiber-based domains. Reaching a sustainable competitive advantage for natural fiber-based value chains is [...] Read more.

SMEs represent a significant share of business companies in Europe. Their limitations might be overcome by using value chains, resulting in successful development and growth also within traditionally low-digitalized, natural fiber-based domains. Reaching a sustainable competitive advantage for natural fiber-based value chains is possible by boosting the digitalization of the included SMEs. The digitalization level can be improved by properly addressing the detected digitalization issues and challenges. This paper aims at proposing a novel comprehensive approach for assessing the digitalization level of natural fiber-based value chains and the respective SMEs. Using the proposed dimensions, indicators, and corresponding measurement instruments, the digitalization level of a particular SME, as well as of the entire value chain of SMEs can be assessed. The paper additionally depicts a practical demonstration for applying the proposed approach within two case studies. The proposed approach favors low-digitalized SMEs to enter and benefit from the digitalized value chains, as well as provides the benefits and facilitates the growth and sustainability of the existing natural fiber-based value chains. Full article

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20 pages, 1110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Canonical Correlation Analysis and a New Composite Index on Digitalization and Labor Force in the Context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0

by Ane-Mari Androniceanu, Irina Georgescu, Manuela Tvaronavičienė and Armenia Androniceanu

Sustainability 2020, 12(17), 6812; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176812 - 21 Aug 2020

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5036

Abstract

The current phenomenon of the economy-accelerated digitalization, known as the “Industry 4.0”, will generate both an increased productivity, connectivity and several transformations on the labor force skills. Our research objectives are to determine the influence that digitalization has had on the workforce in [...] Read more.

The current phenomenon of the economy-accelerated digitalization, known as the “Industry 4.0”, will generate both an increased productivity, connectivity and several transformations on the labor force skills. Our research objectives are to determine the influence that digitalization has had on the workforce in several developed countries and to propose a new composite indicator that reflects these dynamics over time. We have used the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) in order to identify and analyze the correlations between two sets of variables, an independent one and a dependent one. Data were collected from the World Bank and World Economic Forum for the years 2018–2019. Based on the results of our research we have determined and made a consistent analysis of the new composite index of digitalization and labor force in 19 countries. The results of our research are relevant and show not only the impact of digitalization on the labor force in different countries, but also the structural changes required by the new economic and social models. Our research can help decision-makers get in advance the necessary measures in the field of labor force in order to ensure a proper integration of these measures into the new economic model based on digitalization. Full article

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19 pages, 527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Citizens’ Involvement in E-Government in the European Union: The Rising Importance of the Digital Skills

by Luisa Fernanda Rodriguez-Hevía, Julio Navío-Marco and Luis Manuel Ruiz-Gómez

Sustainability 2020, 12(17), 6807; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176807 - 21 Aug 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5924

Abstract

This paper studies what factors influence European citizens in their e-government adoption and use, and whether there are differences within the European Union. A binary logistic regression model has been used to determine the profile of e-government users. The article highlights especially the [...] Read more.

This paper studies what factors influence European citizens in their e-government adoption and use, and whether there are differences within the European Union. A binary logistic regression model has been used to determine the profile of e-government users. The article highlights especially the influence of digital skills, as an increasingly influential factor, and opens up new areas of research such as the uses of e-government depending on the population density or sociodemographic factors. Given a certain lack of e-government studies at a pan-European level, this article provides an empirical comparative analysis in the EU and provides insights into the factors influencing the behaviour of European e-citizens. Full article

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