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E-transportation for Future Sustainability

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Transportation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 30502

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chaitanya Bharati Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
Interests: renewable energy resources; optimization algorithms; energy storage systems; electric vehicles; smart grid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Driven by the global campaign against climate change, the market of electric-powered transportation systems has boomed across the world in recent years. In that context, batteries play an essential role in propelling electromobility. A significant transition toward electric transportation relies upon battery innovation and secure materials for its design and development. The expanding selection of electric vehicles (EV) brings about a critical interest in battery design. There are also various difficulties in providing an increasing supply of EV batteries.

Further, energy storage technologies can enhance the performance of the EV system. To achieve this, energy management between different sources plays a vital role. The main key elements that have led to the rapid growth and development of EVs are connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), location-based transportation, communication, and converter topologies. These emerging technologies will have a huge impact on mobility, safety, transportation, infrastructure for different modes of travel, market variations, and the economies of countries. While achieving these, significant challenges that will be faced include the development of new battery technologies, charging rates, discharging time issues, isolation problems, converter topologies, energy management, and the development of electric vehicles. Furthermore, questions related to the sustainability of e-transportation and associated technologies have also risen. This Special Issue aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from industry, research laboratorie, academia, and government to present challenges and opportunities related to the sustainability of transportation electrification systems.

The main goals of this Special Issue are as follows:

  • To encourage researchers, academicians, and industry experts to prioritize electric vehicle systems.
  • To disseminate high-quality research works and advancements in electric vehicles and battery technologies and infrastructure.

Dr. Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • AC and DC vehicle charging topologies
  • power quality management
  • sustainable transportation
  • street transportation
  • battery charging technologies: fast charging and wireless charging technology
  • autonomous and unmanned vehicles
  • charging infrastructure developments
  • state of health estimation
  • technical–economic and market analysis
  • EV integration in smart homes or microgrids as smart grid enablers
  • wireless, static, and dynamic charging techniques
  • vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V)
  • dynamic control and energy management for all-climate electric vehicles
  • integration and control of batteries into electric vehicles and smart grids
  • analysis of costs and emissions associated with electric mobility
  • power quality, reliability, and security in smart grids
  • energy efficiency and energy storage technologies
  • alternatives to the stationary market for aging vehicle batteries
  • low-voltage powertrains
  • sustainability
  • power electronics for EVs
  • battery recycling technologies
  • EVs with economic and environmental issues
  • environmental impact and life-cycle assessment of electric mobility
  • energy storage

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5351 KiB  
Article
Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using MPC–MTPA Control for Deployment in Electric Tractor
by Chandrasekhar Reddy Gade and Razia Sultana W
Sustainability 2022, 14(19), 12428; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912428 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2635
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive performance for various load conditions under steady state and dynamic conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes finite set model-predictive control (FS-MPC) for IPMSM with maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) for electric [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive performance for various load conditions under steady state and dynamic conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes finite set model-predictive control (FS-MPC) for IPMSM with maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) for electric tractor application. The MTPA control technique is used to obtain maximum torque while maintaining a minimum current constraint. In addition to MTPA control, the MPC scheme is used as the suitable alternative control strategy in the electric tractor application, which eliminates the occurrence of torque ripples during the dynamic speed tracking under variable load conditions. The MPC is used to improve the dynamic response of the motor drive and reduce torque ripples under variable load conditions. MPC–MTPA is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK and validated in the real-time environment using the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator (OPAL-RT OP5700). The results prove that MPC improves the dynamic performance and MTPA reduces the stator copper loss and increases the drive efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-transportation for Future Sustainability)
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20 pages, 2039 KiB  
Article
Solid-State Transformers: Fundamentals, Topologies, Applications, and Future Challenges
by Saniya Khan, Khaliqur Rahman, Mohd Tariq, Salman Hameed, Basem Alamri and Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu
Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010319 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5760
Abstract
Solid-state transformers (SSTs) have emerged as a superior alternative to conventional transformers and are regarded as the building block of the future smart grid. They incorporate power electronics circuitry and high-frequency operation, which allows high controllability and enables bi-directional power flow, overcoming the [...] Read more.
Solid-state transformers (SSTs) have emerged as a superior alternative to conventional transformers and are regarded as the building block of the future smart grid. They incorporate power electronics circuitry and high-frequency operation, which allows high controllability and enables bi-directional power flow, overcoming the limitations of conventional transformers. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the solid-state transformer, expounding the fundamentals, converter topologies, applications, and future challenges of the SST in a systematic manner. The paper discusses the necessity of improved replacement of the low-frequency transformers (LFTs) and presents the configuration of SST. It presents SST fundamentals in individual stages and explores its origin and evolution. The basic topologies, their specifications, and control strategies are also described. The applications of SST as a replacement of LFTs are discussed along with recent applications. The future challenges for real-time implementation of SSTs are explored, and research directions are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-transportation for Future Sustainability)
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28 pages, 4114 KiB  
Article
Battery Electric Bus Network: Efficient Design and Cost Comparison of Different Powertrains
by Orlando Barraza and Miquel Estrada
Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 4745; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094745 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3673
Abstract
Recent advances in the electromobility of bus fleets improve transit service sustainability but require the development of vehicle recharging facilities. The paper defines a methodology to design an efficient transit network operated by battery electric buses in cities with grid-shaped road network, based [...] Read more.
Recent advances in the electromobility of bus fleets improve transit service sustainability but require the development of vehicle recharging facilities. The paper defines a methodology to design an efficient transit network operated by battery electric buses in cities with grid-shaped road network, based on continuous approximations. An analytical model defines the optimal network configuration that minimizes the agency cost, the monetization of emissions and the travel time of transit users. The analytical model allows the comparison of total cost, emissions and bus performance to other fuel powertrains. The methodology is tested in Guadalajara (Mexico) to propose an alternative bus configuration, outperforming the current bus service and reducing the agency cost and environmental impact. The analytical model justifies the network rationalization in fewer routes to reduce the total cost of the system. The deployment of standard battery electric buses with opportunity charging scheme obtains the lowest total cost of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-transportation for Future Sustainability)
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Review

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22 pages, 7555 KiB  
Review
Electric Buses in Malaysia: Policies, Innovations, Technologies and Life Cycle Evaluations
by Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu, Yap Hoon, Majid A. Abdullah, Ameer Alhasan and Ammar Al-Sharaa
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 11577; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111577 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7229
Abstract
A large-scale adoption of electric buses (EBs) is a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. In the upcoming decades, the development of EB technologies will be initiated worldwide, including in Malaysia. Government policies to support EB deployments have [...] Read more.
A large-scale adoption of electric buses (EBs) is a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. In the upcoming decades, the development of EB technologies will be initiated worldwide, including in Malaysia. Government policies to support EB deployments have been widely established. Therefore, Malaysia’s National Automotive Policy has stated a roadmap of policies to promote a national groundwork accordingly. Following the elaboration of Malaysia’s goals for EBs deployments by 2014 and 2020, there are crucial associated topics for EBs implementation, including EB innovations and technologies adoption. This study presents a deep discussion about the groundwork of EB innovations that have been initiated in Malaysia to meet the roadmap targets. This paper also comprehensively reviews the technical specifications of EB innovation technologies, including Electric Bus Innovation Malaysia, Malaysia Automotive Institute, and Go Auto prototypes. In addition, this study outlines the EB technologies that have been launched in three states in Malaysia, known as Putrajaya, Melaka, and Sarawak. Furthermore, a generic framework for life cycle assessments of EB is presented, focusing on the economic and environmental impacts. This framework provides the necessary groundwork for further studies on charging infrastructure requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-transportation for Future Sustainability)
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23 pages, 2330 KiB  
Review
Framing Electric Mobility for Urban Sustainability in a Circular Economy Context: An Overview of the Literature
by Walter Leal Filho, Ismaila Rimi Abubakar, Richard Kotter, Thomas Skou Grindsted, Abdul-Lateef Balogun, Amanda Lange Salvia, Yusuf A. Aina and Franziska Wolf
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7786; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147786 - 12 Jul 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 9318
Abstract
The development of electro-mobility is one of the centerpieces of European country attempts to reduce carbon emissions and increase the quality of life in cities. The goals of reducing emissions from the transport sector and phasing out fossil-fueled vehicles in (urban) transport by [...] Read more.
The development of electro-mobility is one of the centerpieces of European country attempts to reduce carbon emissions and increase the quality of life in cities. The goals of reducing emissions from the transport sector and phasing out fossil-fueled vehicles in (urban) transport by 2050 present unrivaled opportunities to foster electro-mobility. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and provides a detailed analysis of the current development of electro-mobility in Europe, assessing social, economic, and environmental aspects under a circular economy (CE) context. It also examines the existing challenges and suggests ways of addressing them towards improving the environmental performance of electro-mobility and the urban quality of life. The paper argues that a narrow technology-only agenda in electro-mobility will be less successful without the imperative of the CE, including not just materials and resources but also energy, to unlock the medium-term co-benefits of de-carbonization of both the transport as well as the building and energy sectors. The paper critically reviews some of the anticipated future developments that may guide the growth of this rapidly growing field into a CE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-transportation for Future Sustainability)
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