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Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the...
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Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 16026

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alexander Vladimirovich Vinogradov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: X-ray optics; X-ray lasers; X-ray imaging; coherent optics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Professor N.G. Basov is a Nobel laureate, one of the pioneers of masers and lasers. Their discovery is the brightest achievement of physics of the twentieth century. It has influenced not only science but also everyday life. N.G. Basov made an outstanding personal contribution to this.

The aim of the issue is to present results and ideas in the fields of physics that determine the progress of compact XUV and X-ray sources. They will find wide applications in scientific research, industry, healthcare, security systems, and other socially significant areas. Theoretical and experimental contributions are equally encouraged. The following areas are of particular interest:

  • Classical electrodynamics: fundamentals and computations;
  • Ultrafast optics;
  • Pico–femto second lasers;
  • Generation and acceleration of bright electron beams;
  • Problems of accelerating structures with a high rate of energy gain;
  • Problems of storage rings for low (<100 MeV) electron beam energy;
  • EUV and X-ray optics and imaging;
  • Development and application of Thomson X-ray generators and other compact X-ray sources.

Prof. Dr. Alexander Vladimirovich Vinogradov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 3641 KiB  
Article
Ray Tracing Simulation of X-ray Microdiffraction Beamline on the Inverse Compton Source
by Alexander Vinogradov, Ruslan Feshchenko, Vasiliy Shvedunov and Igor Artyukov
Symmetry 2023, 15(5), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051068 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
This paper deals with the simulation of output beam parameters of the inverse Compton X-ray Source (ICS). The simulation takes into account the main parameters of the laser and electron beams, such as their pulse shapes, polarization properties as well as the angular [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the simulation of output beam parameters of the inverse Compton X-ray Source (ICS). The simulation takes into account the main parameters of the laser and electron beams, such as their pulse shapes, polarization properties as well as the angular and energy dispersion of the electrons. The layout of the presented ICS and X-ray optical beamline is dedicated to X-ray micro-diffraction studies. To maintain the axial symmetry of output X-ray beams at different photon energies, the beamline monochromator is based on a single crystal installed in the Borrmann transparency condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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19 pages, 655 KiB  
Article
Quantum Fluctuations in the Small Fabry–Perot Interferometer
by Igor E. Protsenko and Alexander V. Uskov
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020346 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1535
Abstract
Spectra of the small Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) of the size of the order of the wavelength, with the main mode excited by a quantum field from a nano–LED or a laser, are investigated. The input field is detuned from the FPI mode with [...] Read more.
Spectra of the small Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) of the size of the order of the wavelength, with the main mode excited by a quantum field from a nano–LED or a laser, are investigated. The input field is detuned from the FPI mode with only a few photons. We formulate the convenient model for the FPI interacting with a quantum field, and provide novel explicit expressions for the field and the photon number fluctuation spectra inside and outside the FPI, with clearly identified contributions of the quantum and the classical noise. As a result, we found the spectra structures are quite different for the field, the photon number fluctuations inside the FPI, for the transmitted and the reflected fields and note asymmetries in spectra. The quantum noise is colored (or white) inside (or outside) the FPI, which explains differences in spectra. As another novel result, we calculate the second-order time auto–correlation functions for the FPI field; they oscillate and are negative under certain conditions. Results will help the study, design, manufacture, and use of the small elements of quantum optical integrated circuits, such as delay lines or optical transistors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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15 pages, 53988 KiB  
Article
Toward a New Generation of Compact Transportable Yb+ Optical Clocks
by Ksenia Khabarova, Denis Kryuchkov, Alexander Borisenko, Ilia Zalivako, Ilya Semerikov, Mikhail Aksenov, Ivan Sherstov, Timur Abbasov, Anton Tausenev and Nikolay Kolachevsky
Symmetry 2022, 14(10), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102213 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3382
Abstract
Optical atomic clocks are currently one of the most sensitive tools making it possible to precisely test the fundamental symmetry properties of spacetime and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, the extremely high stability and accuracy of compact transportable optical clocks [...] Read more.
Optical atomic clocks are currently one of the most sensitive tools making it possible to precisely test the fundamental symmetry properties of spacetime and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, the extremely high stability and accuracy of compact transportable optical clocks open new perspectives in important fields, such as satellite navigation, relativistic geodesy, and the global time and frequency network. Our project aimed to develop a compact transportable optical clock based on a single ytterbium ion. We present the first prototype of the Yb+ clock (298 kg in 1 m3) and present several solutions aimed to improve the clock’s robustness to approach the demands of a space-qualified system. We present spectroscopic studies of a 435.5 nm quadrupole clock transition with Fourier-limited spectra of 25 Hz. The estimated instability of the output frequency at 1 GHz, which was down-converted with an optical frequency comb (OFC), is at the level of 9×10−15/τ, and the long-term instability and inaccuracy are at the level of 5×10−16. As the next steps, we present a new design for the clock laser and the OFC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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17 pages, 3328 KiB  
Article
Racetrack Microtron—Pushing the Limits
by Maxim Borisov, Andrey Ermakov, Vadim Khankin, Yuri Kubyshin and Vasiliy Shvedunov
Symmetry 2021, 13(12), 2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13122244 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2787
Abstract
We consider three types of electron accelerators that can be used for various applications, such as industrial, medical, cargo inspection, and isotope production applications, and that require small- and medium-sized machines, namely classical microtron (CM), race-track microtron (RTM), and multisection linac. We review [...] Read more.
We consider three types of electron accelerators that can be used for various applications, such as industrial, medical, cargo inspection, and isotope production applications, and that require small- and medium-sized machines, namely classical microtron (CM), race-track microtron (RTM), and multisection linac. We review the principles of their operation, the specific features of the beam dynamics in these machines, discuss their advantages and weak points, and compare their technical characteristics. In particular, we emphasize the intrinsic symmetry of the stability region of microtrons. We argue that RTMs can be a preferable choice for medium energies (up to 100 MeV) and that the range of their potential applications can be widened, provided that the beam current losses are significantly reduced. In the article, we analyze two possible solutions in detail, namely increasing the longitudinal acceptance of an RTM using a higher-order harmonic accelerating structure and improving beam matching at the injection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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10 pages, 4002 KiB  
Communication
Deep Penetration of UV Radiation into PMMA and Electron Acceleration in Long Plasma Channels Produced by 100 ns KrF Laser Pulses
by Vladimir D. Zvorykin, Sergei V. Arlantsev, Alexey V. Shutov, Nikolay N. Ustinovskii and Polad V. Veliev
Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1883; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101883 - 6 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
Long (~1 mm), narrow (30−40 μm in diameter) corrugated capillary-like channels were produced in the axially symmetric 2D interaction regime of 100 ns KrF laser pulses with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at intensities of up to 5 × 1012 W/cm2. The channels [...] Read more.
Long (~1 mm), narrow (30−40 μm in diameter) corrugated capillary-like channels were produced in the axially symmetric 2D interaction regime of 100 ns KrF laser pulses with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at intensities of up to 5 × 1012 W/cm2. The channels extended from the top of a deep (~1 mm) conical ablative crater and terminated in a 0.5 mm size crown-like pattern. The modeling experiments with preliminary drilled capillaries in PMMA targets and Monte Carlo simulations evidenced that the crown origin might be caused by high-energy (0.1–0.25 MeV) electrons, which are much higher than the electron temperature of the plasma corona ~100 eV. This indicates the presence of an unusual direct electron acceleration regime. Firstly, fast electrons are generated due to laser plasma instabilities favored by a long-length interaction of a narrow-band radiation with plasma in the crater. Then, the electrons are accelerated by an axial component of the electrical field in a plasma-filled corrugated capillary waveguide enhanced by radiation self-focusing and specular reflection at the radial plasma gradient, while channel ripples serve the slowing down of the electromagnetic wave in the phase with electrons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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22 pages, 5356 KiB  
Article
Lensless Reflection Imaging of Obliquely Illuminated Objects I: Choosing a Domain for Phase Retrieval and Ptychography
by Igor A. Artyukov, Nikolay L. Popov and Alexander V. Vinogradov
Symmetry 2021, 13(8), 1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081439 - 5 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2153
Abstract
Ptychography is a lensless imaging technology that is validated from hard X-rays to terahertz spectral range. It is most attractive for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-rays as optical elements are expensive and often not available. Typically, the set up involves coherently illuminated object [...] Read more.
Ptychography is a lensless imaging technology that is validated from hard X-rays to terahertz spectral range. It is most attractive for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-rays as optical elements are expensive and often not available. Typically, the set up involves coherently illuminated object that directs the scattered radiation normally to detector which is parallel to the object plane. Computer processing of diffraction patterns obtained when scanning the object gives the image, more precisely, the distribution of intensity and phase on its surface. However, this scheme is inefficient for EUV and X-rays due to poor reflectivity and low penetration in all materials. Reflection mode ptychography solves the problem if illumination angles do not exceed the critical angle of object material. Changing the geometry of experiment changes physical and mathematical model of image formation. Including: diffraction integral describing beam propagation from object to detector, inverse problem, optimization of object illumination angle, position and orientation of detector, choosing size and grid of coordinate and frequency computer domains. This paper considers the wavefield scattered to detector by obliquely illuminated object and determines a domain for processing of obtained scans. Solution of inverse problem with phase retrieval and resulting numerical images will be presented in the next paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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Review

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20 pages, 4032 KiB  
Review
X-ray Self-Emission Imaging of Hydrodynamic Laser-Induced Astrophysical Phenomena
by Evgeny D. Filippov, Konstantin F. Burdonov, Tatiana A. Pikuz and Igor Yu. Skobelev
Symmetry 2022, 14(12), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122536 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2038
Abstract
In this article, we present an overview of the application of X-ray self-emission methods for the imaging of hydrodynamic astrophysical phenomena in laboratory-scale experiments. Typical diagnostic approaches, their advantages, drawbacks, and application perspectives are considered. We show that X-ray imaging and spectroscopy methods [...] Read more.
In this article, we present an overview of the application of X-ray self-emission methods for the imaging of hydrodynamic astrophysical phenomena in laboratory-scale experiments. Typical diagnostic approaches, their advantages, drawbacks, and application perspectives are considered. We show that X-ray imaging and spectroscopy methods with 2D and even 1D spatial resolution are valuable for numerous laboratory astrophysical problems. Furthermore, the methods revealed the hydrodynamic evolution, the spatial shape and structure, and spatial features of important parameters such as electron density and plasma temperature of astrophysical objects and related phenomena, which are also required for the verification of astrophysical models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers on Lasers, Accelerators, and Optics to Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of N.G. Basov)
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