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Toxics
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Identification, Formation and Toxicity of Emerging Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking...
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Identification, Formation and Toxicity of Emerging Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 2456

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jiafu Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Interests: disinfection byproducts; water and wastewater treatment; drinking water quality; risk assessment; environmental monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drinking water is a daily life necessity and basic need for human beings, while disinfection byproducts showed a great adverse impact on drinking water safety and the health of human beings. This Special Issue is proposing to publish a series of research articles regarding the identification, analysis, formation, and toxicity of emerging disinfection byproducts in drinking water. In addition, high-quality review papers that concern the research progress and prospects of non-targeted, suspected, and target analysis of emerging disinfection byproducts, as well as their formation, occurrence, and toxicity, are also welcomed. Although this Special Issue focuses broadly on research papers presenting innovative approaches to the study of disinfection byproducts or reviews that bring the field forward, other recent developments regarding conventional monitoring, human exposure, or human health risk assessment studies of disinfection byproducts are also welcomed.

Dr. Jiafu Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • disinfection byproducts
  • drinking water
  • identification
  • analytical method
  • toxicity
  • human exposure
  • human health risk assessment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2403 KiB  
Article
Annual and Seasonal Variability of Trichloromethane in Drinking Water of Kunshan City 2016–2022 and Associated Health Risks
by Xiaojun Liang, Guohua Qian, Yihan Wang, Mengyao Chen, Yang Liu, Ping Zhao, Junling Li, Yuan Wang and Yuyan Liu
Toxics 2024, 12(12), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120865 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 630
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the annual pollution characteristics of trichloromethane (TCM) in Kunshan City’s tap water from 2016 to 2022. This research analyzed 566 tap water samples from centralized water supply units, utilizing the GB 5749-2006 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water as [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the annual pollution characteristics of trichloromethane (TCM) in Kunshan City’s tap water from 2016 to 2022. This research analyzed 566 tap water samples from centralized water supply units, utilizing the GB 5749-2006 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water as the evaluation benchmark. Data analysis employed non-parametric tests and Spearman’s correlation analysis using Excel 2017 and SPSS 26.0. The results indicated a 100% compliance rate with the TCM limit (0.06 mg/L), with median annual concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6.4 μg/L. Significant inter-annual variations were observed (H = 222.5, p < 0.01), with the lowest levels in 2019 and the highest in 2020. Quarterly analysis revealed significant seasonal differences (H = 94.0, p < 0.01), peaking in the third quarter (8.0 μg/L) and bottoming in the first quarter (3.5 μg/L). TCM concentrations showed significant correlations with annual and quarterly trends, turbidity, and chlorides (|rs| > 0.3, p < 0.01) but not with pH (rs = −0.0025, p = 0.55). While Kunshan City’s drinking water demonstrates satisfactory TCM levels, an increasing annual trend and higher concentrations in the latter half of the year warrant continued monitoring and investigation. In this study, we assessed the health risks for households in Kunshan, China, due to trichloromethane (TCM) in drinking water. The overall carcinogenic risk from multiple exposure pathways was slightly above the ideal level, while the non-carcinogenic risk was within an acceptable range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification, Formation and Toxicity of Emerging Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water)
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11 pages, 1350 KiB  
Article
The Selectively Nontargeted Analysis of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts in Tap Water by Micro-LC QTOFMS
by Jing Wu, Yulin Zhang, Qiwei Zhang, Fang Tan, Qiongyu Liu and Xiaoqiu Yang
Toxics 2024, 12(9), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12090630 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 828
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, more and more unknown halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) enter into drinking water and pose potential risks to humans. To explore the unknown halogenated DBPs in tap water, a selectively nontargeted analysis (SNTA) method was developed by conducting [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of society, more and more unknown halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) enter into drinking water and pose potential risks to humans. To explore the unknown halogenated DBPs in tap water, a selectively nontargeted analysis (SNTA) method was developed by conducting micro-liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (micro-LC-QTOFMS). In this method, two runs were employed: in the first run, the modes of TOFMS and precursor ion (the fragments were set as Cl35/Cl37, Br79/Br81, and I126.9) were performed, and the molecular ions or precursor ions of the halogenated organics could be obtained; in the second run, the product ion mode was conducted by setting the molecular ion screened above, and the MS/MS spectrums could be acquired to speculate concerning the structure. Two kinds of model DBPs (one kind had an aliphatic structure and the other was an aromatic compound) were used to optimize the parameters of the MS, and their MS characteristics were summarized. With this SNTA method, 15 halogenated DBPs were screened in two tap water samples and their structures were proposed. Of them, six DBPs had not been reported before and were assumed to be new DBPs. Overall, the detected halogenated DBPs were mostly acidic substances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification, Formation and Toxicity of Emerging Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water)
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16 pages, 6563 KiB  
Systematic Review
Blood Trihalomethanes and Human Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Miaomiao Fu, Pengyu Xue, Zhuorong Du, Jingsi Chen, Xiaojun Liang and Jiafu Li
Toxics 2025, 13(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010060 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 548
Abstract
The control of waterborne diseases through water disinfection is a significant advancement in public health. However, the disinfection process generates disinfection by-products (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs), which are considered to influence the occurrence of cancer. This analysis aims to quantitatively evaluate the relationship [...] Read more.
The control of waterborne diseases through water disinfection is a significant advancement in public health. However, the disinfection process generates disinfection by-products (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs), which are considered to influence the occurrence of cancer. This analysis aims to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between blood concentrations of THMs and cancer. Additionally, the relationship between blood chloroform concentration and cancer is analyzed separately. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a thorough search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. After screening, seven studies meeting the evaluation criteria were included. A total of 1027 blood samples from patients with cancer and 7351 blood samples from the control group were collected. The average concentration of THMs in the blood of the experimental group was 46.71 pg/mL, while it was 36.406 pg/mL in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (SMD = −0.36, 95% CI: −0.45 to −0.27, p < 0.00001). However, due to the limited research data on the relationship between blood THMs and cancer, the conclusions drawn exhibit high heterogeneity. Additionally, we discussed the carcinogenic mechanisms of THMs, which involve multiple biological pathways such as oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation, and endocrine disruption, with variations in accumulation and target sites potentially leading to different cancer types, for which evidence is currently lacking. In the future, further epidemiological and animal model studies on THMs should be conducted to obtain more accurate conclusions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification, Formation and Toxicity of Emerging Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water)
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