Phytotoxic Activity of Metal-Based Contaminants

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Radioactive Substances".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 3600

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
LAQV/REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: phytotoxicity; nanotoxicity; plant stress biology; nanothecnology; plant stress mitigation; metabolomics
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Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: plant physiology; plant stress biology; plant stress mitigation; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Increased anthropogenic activities, industrialization, and current agricultural practices have caused an increased presence of metal-based contaminants in the environment; in particular, those that are environmentally persistent and multitargeted have harmful effects on living organisms. Essential metals such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Zn are required for physiological and biochemical processes in plants; nevertheless, when in excess, they may become toxic. On the other hand, non-essential metals such as Pb, Cd, and Hg are highly toxic even at low concentrations, inducing serious morphological, physiological, and metabolic alterations in crops. Both essential and non-essential metals are prone to inducing toxic effects on plants, affecting growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient assimilation, with a negative impact on crop productivity, quality, and, ultimately, food security. Moreover, these contaminants are assimilated and accumulated by plants with consequent contamination of the food chain and threats to human and animal health. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the phytotoxic activity of metal contaminants as well as the mechanisms undertaken by plants to counteract their effects, mostly in tolerant species, in order to find new strategies for improving crops’ resilience to metals and to develop new approaches for metal phytoremediation.

This Special Issue aims to provide a concentrated venue to publish timely and relevant research on the field of metal phytotoxicity, paying particular attention to the major targets of metals in crops, the physiological, metabolic, and molecular mechanisms activated by crops to respond to metal toxicity, and the tolerance mechanisms that metallophyte species exhibit.

In this Special Issue, authors are invited to submit original research papers, reviews, and short communications.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Concentration of metals and metalloid contaminants in terrestrial environments;
  • Uptake, accumulation, and effects in plants species, especially in plant metabolism;
  • Metal phytotoxic activity in tolerant versus sensitive plants;
  • Unveiling of the metal tolerance mechanisms in plants;
  • Strategies for metal phytotoxicity mitigation;
  • Phytoremediation strategies.

Dr. Sónia Silva
Dr. Maria Celeste Dias
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • phytotoxicity
  • metal contaminants
  • plant stress
  • phytoremediation
  • physiology
  • metabolism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3343 KiB  
Article
CdTe-QDs Affect Reproductive Development of Plants through Oxidative Stress
by Jianhua Wang, Yan Gong, Xiaoyan Yan, Rong Han and Huize Chen
Toxics 2023, 11(7), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070585 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1734
Abstract
With the continuous development of industry, an increasing number of nanomaterials are widely used. CdTe-QDs is a nanomaterial with good optical properties, but its release into the natural environment may pose a potential threat. The toxicity of nanoparticles in plants is beginning to [...] Read more.
With the continuous development of industry, an increasing number of nanomaterials are widely used. CdTe-QDs is a nanomaterial with good optical properties, but its release into the natural environment may pose a potential threat. The toxicity of nanoparticles in plants is beginning to be questioned, and the effect on phytotoxicity is unclear. In this study, we simulated air pollution and soil pollution (CdTe-QDs concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mmol/L) by spraying and watering the seedlings, respectively. We determined the transport pathways of CdTe-QDs in Arabidopsis thaliana and their effects on plant reproductive growth. Spraying CdTe-QDs concentration >0.4 mmol/L significantly inhibited the formation of fruit and decreased the number of seeds. Observation with a laser confocal scanning microscope revealed that CdTe-QDs were mainly transported in plants through the vascular bundle, and spraying increased their accumulation in the anthers and ovaries. The expression level of genes associated with Cd stress was analyzed through RT-qPCR. CdTe-QDs significantly increased the expression levels of 10 oxidative stress-related genes and significantly decreased the expression levels of four cell-proliferation-related genes. Our results reveal for the first time the transport of CdTe-QDs in Arabidopsis flowers and demonstrate that QDs can cause abnormal pollen morphology, form defects of pollen vitality, and inhibit pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis through oxidative damage. These phenomena ultimately lead to the inability of Arabidopsis to complete the normal fertilization process and affect the reproductive growth of the plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytotoxic Activity of Metal-Based Contaminants)
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17 pages, 2586 KiB  
Article
Metal Toxicity across Different Thallus Sections of the Green Macroalga, Ulva australis
by Hojun Lee, Geonhee Kim, Stephen Depuydt, Kisik Shin, Taejun Han and Jihae Park
Toxics 2023, 11(7), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070548 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
We aimed to identify functional differences between different sections of the thallus of Ulva australis and develop tissue-endpoint combinations to assess the toxicity of six metals (i.e., Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni). EC50 values for these metals in three sections [...] Read more.
We aimed to identify functional differences between different sections of the thallus of Ulva australis and develop tissue-endpoint combinations to assess the toxicity of six metals (i.e., Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni). EC50 values for these metals in three sections of the thallus of Ulva were obtained for multiple endpoints: relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment contents, and the expression of the photosynthesis-related gene, rbcL. The responses of the endpoints varied across the respective thallus sections; overall, the most toxic metals were Ag and Cu. These endpoints were the best for evaluating metal toxicity: ETRmax of the middle thallus sections for Ag toxicity; RGR of the middle thallus section for As and Cd; ETRmax of the marginal thallus section for Cr; Chl b contents of the marginal thallus section for Cu; RGR of the basal thallus section for Ni. The EC50 values for the inhibition of ETRmax in middle (0.06 mg∙L−1) and Chl b in the marginal thallus sections (0.06 mg∙L−1) were all lower than those of the quality standard for wastewater discharge values of Ag and Cu in Republic of Korea and the US, pointing to the suitability of U. australis-based endpoints for risk assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytotoxic Activity of Metal-Based Contaminants)
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