Biological Risk Monitoring of Exposure to Chemical Pollutants and/or Physical Agents II

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Exposome Analysis and Risk Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 1951

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: exposure to chemical and physical agents; genotoxicity; DNA damage and repair; biomonitoring; toxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Bağlıca, Ankara, Turkey
Interests: biomonitoring of chemicals in workplaces; DNA damage; occupational toxicology; genotoxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biological monitoring (BM) (used mostly in occupational, but also accidental, at home and environmental exposure) is an important, but still underrepresented and not efficiently used, tool in risk assessment. There are also different BM regulations in each country, mostly due to the lack of strong data and databases to be analyzed for final confirmation about specific chemical/physical agent risk. New data, improvements of already existing methods, use of newly developed sensitive methods, or the combination of analysis techniques for quantitative determinations have made it possible to establish new limits of exposure or even helped in classifying some substances as carcinogens or mutagens with limits of exposure, especially in the workplace. Still, the development of new materials, chemicals, co-exposures with mixed toxicokinetic pathways and similar/different modes of action, and new uses of already known/unknown chemical and physical agents are still demonstrating the need for new data collection for a strong database fulfilment in order to finally reveal whether a specific mixture of agents is dangerous and, if so, to what extent. At present, for exposure biomarkers and other types of biomarkers used in biomonitoring, such as effect and susceptibility biomarkers, data regarding possible databases and literature surveys are still insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to contribute to the further collection of data on the evidence of biological monitoring and risk assessment considering all types of biomarkers and exposure types and routes in living organisms or revealing their pathways in vivo and in vitro to obtain new insights into the old/new and novel use of chemicals and/or physical agents. This Special Issue will include original articles, as well as systematic/reviews on these topics including human, in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies.

Dr. Mirta Milić
Prof. Dr. Nursen Basaran
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomarkers of effect
  • biomarkers of exposure
  • biomarkers of susceptibility
  • DNA damage and repair
  • meta-analysis
  • biomonitoring
  • exposure
  • toxicokinetics and modes of action
  • risk assessment
  • epidemiology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 497 KiB  
Article
Biomonitoring of Oxidative-Stress-Related Genotoxic Damage in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
by Yücel Yüzbaşıoğlu, Merve Hazar, Sevtap Aydın Dilsiz, Ciğdem Yücel, Mesudiye Bulut, Serdar Cetinkaya, Onur Erdem and Nursen Basaran
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010069 - 14 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1571
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common progressive renal failure characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease, which is known to be an irreversible renal failure. In the therapy of ESRD, there are controversial suggestions about [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common progressive renal failure characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease, which is known to be an irreversible renal failure. In the therapy of ESRD, there are controversial suggestions about the use of regular dialysis, since it is claimed to increase oxidative stress, which may increase mortality in patients. In ESRD, oxidative-stress-related DNA damage is expected to occur, along with increased inflammation. Many factors, including heavy metals, have been suggested to exacerbate the damage in kidneys; therefore, it is important to reveal the relationship between these factors in ESRD patients. There are very few studies showing the role of oxidative-stress-related genotoxic events in the progression of ESRD patients. Within the scope of this study, genotoxic damage was evaluated using the comet assay and 8-OHdG measurement in patients with ESRD who were undergoing hemodialysis. The biochemical changes, the levels of heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) in the blood, and the oxidative biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated, and their relationship with genotoxic damages was revealed. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and heavy-metal levels, except mercury, increased significantly in all renal patients. DNA damage, 8OHdG, and MDA significantly increased, and GSH significantly decreased in patients undergoing dialysis, compared with those not having dialysis. The duration and the severity of disease was positively correlated with increased aluminum levels and moderate positively correlated with increased DNA damage and cadmium levels. In conclusion, this study revealed that the oxidative-stress-related DNA damage, and also the levels of Al and Cd, increased in ESRD patients. It is assumed that these changes may play an important role in the progression of renal damage. Approaches for reducing oxidative-stress-related DNA damage and heavy-metal load in ESRD patients are recommended. Full article
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