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Toxins
Special Issues
Microbial and Enzymatic Transformation of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds
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Microbial and Enzymatic Transformation of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2023) | Viewed by 6951

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiaoyun Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: mycotoxins

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that are harmful to animal and human health. Numerous efforts have been made regarding the detection and control of mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds. Among these endeavors, the direct removal of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is considered to be the last barrier of defense. New microbes are being discovered which are able to effectively transform or degrade various mycotoxins. It is noteworthy that enzymes, either secreted or intracellular, often play an indispensable role in microbial transformation.

The aim of this Special Issue of Toxins is to provide an overview of discoveries regarding the microbial and enzymatic transformation of mycotoxins, with special interest in foods and feeds. Reviews, original articles, and short communications are all welcome.

Dr. Xiaoyun Su
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mycotoxin
  • microbial transformation
  • enzymatic transformation
  • foods
  • feeds

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2179 KiB  
Article
Biotransformation of Deoxynivalenol by a Dual-Member Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Tenebrio molitor Larval Feces
by Yang Wang, Donglei Zhao, Wei Zhang, Songxue Wang, Kai Huang and Baoyuan Guo
Toxins 2023, 15(8), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080492 - 4 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1574
Abstract
In this study, a dual-member bacterial consortium with the ability to oxidize deoxynivalenol (DON) to 3-keto-DON, designated SD, was first screened from the feces of Tenebrio molitor larvae. This consortium consisted of Pseudomonas sp. SD17-1 and Devosia sp. SD17-2, as determined by 16S [...] Read more.
In this study, a dual-member bacterial consortium with the ability to oxidize deoxynivalenol (DON) to 3-keto-DON, designated SD, was first screened from the feces of Tenebrio molitor larvae. This consortium consisted of Pseudomonas sp. SD17-1 and Devosia sp. SD17-2, as determined by 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis. A temperature of 30 °C, a pH of 8.0–9.0, and an initial inoculum concentration ratio of Devosia to Pseudomonas of 0.1 were optimal single-factor parameters for the DON oxidation activity of the bacterial consortium SD. Genome-based bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of an intact PQQ biosynthesis operon (pqqFABCDEG) and four putative pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in the genomes of Pseudomonas strain SD17-1 and Devosia strain SD17-2, respectively. Biochemical analyses further confirmed the PQQ-producing phenotype of Pseudomonas and the DON-oxidizing enzymatic activities of two of four PQQ-dependent ADHs in Devosia. The addition of PQQ-containing a cell-free fermentation supernatant from Pseudomonas activated DON-oxidizing activity of Devosia. In summary, as members of the bacterial consortium SD, Pseudomonas and Devosia play indispensable and complementary roles in SD’s oxidation of DON. Specifically, Pseudomonas is responsible for producing the necessary PQQ cofactor, whereas Devosia expresses the PQQ-dependent DON dehydrogenase, together facilitating the oxidation of DON. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial and Enzymatic Transformation of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds)
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11 pages, 2187 KiB  
Article
Detoxification of the Mycotoxin Citrinin by a Manganese Peroxidase from Moniliophthora roreri
by Shuai Wang, Xiaolu Wang, Huoqing Huang, Tao Tu, Huiying Luo, Yuhong Zhang, Bo Liu, Bin Yao, Wei Zhang and Xiaoyun Su
Toxins 2022, 14(11), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110801 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2714
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin found in foods and feeds and most commonly discovered in red yeast rice, a food additive made from ordinary rice by fermentation with Monascus. Currently, no enzyme is known to be able to degrade CIT effectively. In [...] Read more.
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin found in foods and feeds and most commonly discovered in red yeast rice, a food additive made from ordinary rice by fermentation with Monascus. Currently, no enzyme is known to be able to degrade CIT effectively. In this study, it was discovered that manganese peroxidase (MrMnP) from Moniliophthora roreri could degrade CIT. The degradation appeared to be fulfilled by a combination of direct and indirect actions of the MrMnP with the CIT. Pure CIT, at a final concentration of 10 mg/L, was completely degraded by MrMnP within 72 h. One degradation product was identified to be dihydrocitrinone. The toxicity of the CIT-degradation product decreased, as monitored by the increased survival rate of the Caco-2 cells incubated with MrMnP-treated CIT. In addition, MrMnP could degrade CIT (with a starting concentration of up to 4.6 mg/L) completely contaminated in red yeast rice. MrMnP serves as an excellent candidate enzyme for CIT detoxification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial and Enzymatic Transformation of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds)
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Review

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19 pages, 2915 KiB  
Review
Destruction of Mycotoxins in Poultry Waste under Anaerobic Conditions within Methanogenesis Catalyzed by Artificial Microbial Consortia
by Elena Efremenko, Olga Senko, Olga Maslova, Ilya Lyagin, Aysel Aslanli and Nikolay Stepanov
Toxins 2023, 15(3), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030205 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2216
Abstract
To reduce the toxicity of modern feeds polluted by mycotoxins, various sorbents are added to them when feeding animals. A part of the mycotoxins is excreted from the body of animals with these sorbents and remains in the manure. As a result, bulk [...] Read more.
To reduce the toxicity of modern feeds polluted by mycotoxins, various sorbents are added to them when feeding animals. A part of the mycotoxins is excreted from the body of animals with these sorbents and remains in the manure. As a result, bulk animal wastes containing mixtures of mycotoxins are formed. It is known that it is partially possible to decrease the initial concentration of mycotoxins in the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of contaminated methanogenic substrates. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent results in destruction of mycotoxins under the action of enzymes present in cells of anaerobic consortia catalyzing methanogenesis of wastes. The possible improvement of the functioning of the anaerobic artificial consortia during detoxification of mycotoxins in the bird droppings is discussed. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of effective functioning of microbial enzymes that catalyze the detoxification of mycotoxins, both at the stage of preparation of poultry manure for methanogenesis and directly in the anaerobic process itself. The sorbents with mycotoxins which appeared in the poultry wastes composed one of the topics of interest in this review. The preliminary alkaline treatment of poultry excreta before processing in AD was considered from the standpoint of effectively reducing the concentrations of mycotoxins in the waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial and Enzymatic Transformation of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds)
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