Mycotoxin Control in Food and Feed

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 3905

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Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norway
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Dear Colleagues,

Plant pathogenic fungi infect field crops and stored commodities. Toxigenic pathogens contaminate food and feed with mycotoxins, which are toxic secondary metabolites. Disease resistance and plant protection measures influence mycotoxin contamination of the crop. The environmental factors of temperature and available moisture determine the amount of mycotoxin contamination of crops in the field. Pathogens may continue to produce mycotoxins during storage of the harvested crop. The available inoculum, ambient temperature and humidity influence the growth of fungi and toxin production during storage. National and international regulations provide limits for acceptable levels of mycotoxins in products for human consumption and in feed for domestic animals. Knowledge of host plant resistance and the effect of environmental factors on the growth of toxigenic fungi is the basis for models to predict mycotoxin contamination of crops and the application of control measures. Strategies for mycotoxin control include the development and planting of resistant varieties, control of field infections and storage of plant products at conditions that prevent growth of toxigenic fungi. Expected climate changes include elevated CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and increased temperature during the growing season in the major food-producing regions of the world. International regulations of acceptable mycotoxin levels in food and feed are important to limit mycotoxin contamination of harvested crops.

Prof. emer. Leif Sundheim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mycotoxin contamination
  • environment
  • inoculum
  • regulation
  • resistance
  • chemical control

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 678 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of a Yeast Hydrolysate from a Novel Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Mycotoxin Mitigation using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
by Paul Gerard Bruinenberg and Mathieu Castex
Toxins 2022, 14(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010007 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2909
Abstract
Mycotoxicoses in animals are caused by exposure to mycotoxin-contaminated feeds. Disease risk is managed using dietary adsorbing agents which reduce oral bioavailability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of three selected yeast products as mycotoxin binders using in vitro [...] Read more.
Mycotoxicoses in animals are caused by exposure to mycotoxin-contaminated feeds. Disease risk is managed using dietary adsorbing agents which reduce oral bioavailability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of three selected yeast products as mycotoxin binders using in vitro and in vivo models. Their capacity to adsorb deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and ochratoxin A (OTA) was evaluated using an in vitro model designed to simulate the pH conditions during gastric passage in a monogastric animal. Results showed that only one product, an enzymatic yeast hydrolysate (YHY) of a novel strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, adsorbed about 45% of DON in solution. Next, we determined the effect of YHY on oral absorption of a DON, ZEA, and OTA mixture using a toxicokinetic model in swine. Toxicokinetic modeling of the plasma concentration-time profiles of DON, OTA, and zearalenone-glucuronide (ZEA-GlcA) showed that YHY tended to reduce the maximal plasma concentration of OTA by 17%. YHY did not reduce oral bioavailability of OTA, DON, and ZEA-GlcA. Within the context of this experiment, and despite some positive indications from both the in vitro and in vivo models employed, we conclude that the YHY prototype was not an effective agent for multiple mycotoxin adsorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxin Control in Food and Feed)
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