Preparation for the Next Potential Pandemic—Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Other Viruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 1357

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pandemics have claimed millions of lives over the centuries and millennia. The bubonic plague, smallpox, cholera, and, more recently, the Spanish flu devastated the world, causing enormous impacts on the population. With the advancement of medical knowledge, especially in infectious diseases and microbiology, it may appear that the importance of pandemics and the damage caused by them will be much less concerning in the future. However, the 2009–10 swine flu and, even more so, the COVID-19 pandemics served as wake-up calls, pointing out that even with advances in medicine, some aspects of our modern lifestyles, such as urbanization, massive sports events, or concerts, with tens of thousands of people concentrating in small areas, large indoor malls, and travel habits actually may increase the likelihood of future pandemics, lowering the effects of the advances we have made in epidemiology. Newly emerging, or mutating, variants of previously known microorganisms, may continue to present potential for further pandemics. This Special Issue focuses on such viruses, including chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and others with pandemic potential. We encourage discussing public health, epidemiological, pharmaceutical, immunological, and other measures that might help to avoid or at least mitigate future pandemics, to prevent the loss of lives and decrease the economic burden.

Dr. Zoltan Vajo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chikungunya
  • dengue
  • zika
  • next pandemic
  • epidemiology
  • pharmaceutics
  • immunology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 253 KiB  
Communication
Factors Associated with Chronic Chikungunya in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, Between 2016 and 2020
by Creuza Rachel Vicente, Luana Santos Louro, Nicolli Ribeiro de Jesus, Danielle Torres dos Santos Lopes, Aline Souza Areias Cabidelle, Crispim Cerutti Junior, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa Miranda, Iuri Drumond Louro, Debora Dummer Meira and Kuan Rong Chan
Viruses 2024, 16(11), 1679; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111679 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 445
Abstract
Chikungunya patients may develop chronic joint pain that can persist for months to years. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with Chikungunya chronicity. This case–control study involved data from patients with laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya reported from March 2016 to December 2020 in [...] Read more.
Chikungunya patients may develop chronic joint pain that can persist for months to years. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with Chikungunya chronicity. This case–control study involved data from patients with laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya reported from March 2016 to December 2020 in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The data were accessed from compulsory notification databases (SINAN and eSUS VS) and electronic medical reports (Rede Bem-Estar). For each patient who developed chronic symptoms, we included a control patient who did not develop chronic symptoms by random sampling. A total of 183 chronic and 183 non-chronic patients were included in the study. Most of them were female (73.2%), with a median age of 49.5 years (interquartile range = 37–61), and presented fever (89.6%), myalgia (89.6%), arthralgia (89.3%), and headache (82.0%). Chronic patients were older (median = 53; interquartile range = 41–61) than non-chronic cases (median = 46; interquartile age = 31–61) (OR = 0.979, 95% CI = 0.968–0.991) and more frequently presented nausea (58.5% vs. 40.4%; OR = 2.109, 95% CI = 1.374–3.238), and leukopenia (20.2% vs. 10.9%; OR = 2.060, 95% CI = 1.122–3.779). Therefore, these characteristics should be monitored for the better clinical management of cases prone to chronicity. Full article
18 pages, 4926 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Chikungunya Virus-Induced Disease Progression and Pathogenesis in Type-I Interferon Receptor-Deficient Mice (A129) and Two Wild-Type (129Sv/Ev and C57BL/6) Mouse Strains
by Victoria A. Graham, Linda Easterbrook, Emma Rayner, Stephen Findlay-Wilson, Lucy Flett, Emma Kennedy, Susan Fotheringham, Sarah Kempster, Neil Almond and Stuart Dowall
Viruses 2024, 16(10), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16101534 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus causing a debilitating febrile illness with rheumatic disease symptoms of arthralgia and arthritis. Since its spread outside of Africa in 2005, it continues to cause outbreaks and disseminates into new territories. Intervention strategies are urgently required, [...] Read more.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus causing a debilitating febrile illness with rheumatic disease symptoms of arthralgia and arthritis. Since its spread outside of Africa in 2005, it continues to cause outbreaks and disseminates into new territories. Intervention strategies are urgently required, including vaccination and antiviral approaches. To test efficacy, the use of small animal models is required. Two mouse strains, A129, with a deficiency in their type-I interferon (IFN) receptor, and C57BL/6 are widely used. A direct comparison of these strains alongside the wild-type parental strain of the A129 mice, 129Sv/Ev, was undertaken to assess clinical disease progression, viral loads in key tissues, histological changes and levels of sera biomarkers. Our results confirm the severe disease course in A129 mice which was not observed in the parental 129Sv/Ev strain. Of the two wild-type strains, viral loads were higher in 129Sv/Ev mice compared to C57BL/6 counterparts. Our results have established these models and parameters for the future testing of vaccines and antiviral approaches. Full article
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