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Viruses
Special Issues
Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach
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Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 16715

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marina L. Meli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: coronaviruses; virus–host interactions; infectious diseases; tick-borne pathogens
Prof. Dr. Anja Kipar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: pathogenesis of (corona)virus infections; animal models of virus infections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coronaviruses have a broad host spectrum; a variable pathogenicity and pathogenesis; and cause respiratory, enteric and systemic diseases in humans and animals. Coronaviruses have the largest genomes (26–32 kb) of all RNA viruses, and thus are prone to mutations and recombinations that allow the broadening of their host range and changes in pathogenicity. Spillover and recombination events are responsible for several emerging diseases in humans, the last of which (i.e., COVID-19) resulted in a pandemic with more than 300 million confirmed human infections worldwide and over 5 million deaths as of January 2022.

In this Special Issue of Viruses, we invite the submission of original research papers and review articles spanning the entire spectrum of coronaviruses across species, with a special focus on comparative pathogenesis, molecular dynamics, virus–host interactions, animal models, immunity and immunopathology, as well as the prevention and therapy of infection.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Marina L. Meli
Prof. Dr. Anja Kipar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coronaviruses
  • pathogenesis
  • immunity
  • immunopathology
  • animal models
  • virus–host interactions
  • prevention of infection
  • therapy of infection
  • virulence
  • pathogenicity

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5365 KiB  
Article
Ocular Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Are Correlated with the Expression Profile of Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Binding Sites
by Julien Brechbühl, Flavio Ferreira, Ana Catarina Lopes, Emilly Corset, Noah Gilliand and Marie-Christine Broillet
Viruses 2023, 15(2), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020354 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has engendered significant scientific efforts in the understanding of its infectious agent SARS-CoV-2 and of its associated symptoms. A peculiar characteristic of this virus lies in its ability to challenge our senses, as its infection can lead to anosmia and [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has engendered significant scientific efforts in the understanding of its infectious agent SARS-CoV-2 and of its associated symptoms. A peculiar characteristic of this virus lies in its ability to challenge our senses, as its infection can lead to anosmia and ageusia. While ocular symptoms, such as conjunctivitis, optic neuritis or dry eyes, are also reported after viral infection, they have lower frequencies and severities, and their functional development is still elusive. Here, using combined technical approaches based on histological and gene profiling methods, we characterized the expression of SARS-CoV-2 binding sites (Ace2/Tmprss2) in the mouse eye. We found that ACE2 was ectopically expressed in subtissular ocular regions, such as in the optic nerve and in the Harderian/intraorbital lacrimal glands. Moreover, we observed an important variation of Ace2/Tmprss2 expression that is not only dependent on the age and sex of the animal, but also highly heterogenous between individuals. Our results thus give new insight into the expression of SARS-CoV-2 binding sites in the mouse eye and propose an interpretation of the human ocular-associated symptoms linked to SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach)
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18 pages, 1786 KiB  
Article
An Optimized Bioassay for Screening Combined Anticoronaviral Compounds for Efficacy against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus with Pharmacokinetic Analyses of GS-441524, Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir in Cats
by Sarah Cook, Luke Wittenburg, Victoria C. Yan, Jacob H. Theil, Diego Castillo, Krystle L. Reagan, Sonyia Williams, Cong-Dat Pham, Chun Li, Florian L. Muller and Brian G. Murphy
Viruses 2022, 14(11), 2429; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112429 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 8033 | Correction
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease of cats that currently lacks licensed and affordable vaccines or antiviral therapeutics. The disease has a spectrum of clinical presentations including an effusive (“wet”) form and non-effusive (“dry”) form, both of which may be complicated [...] Read more.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease of cats that currently lacks licensed and affordable vaccines or antiviral therapeutics. The disease has a spectrum of clinical presentations including an effusive (“wet”) form and non-effusive (“dry”) form, both of which may be complicated by neurologic or ocular involvement. The feline coronavirus (FCoV) biotype, termed feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), is the etiologic agent of FIP. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro antiviral efficacies of the viral protease inhibitors GC376 and nirmatrelvir and the nucleoside analogs remdesivir (RDV), GS-441524, molnupiravir (MPV; EIDD-2801), and β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931). These antiviral agents were functionally evaluated using an optimized in vitro bioassay system. Antivirals were assessed as monotherapies against FIPV serotypes I and II and as combined anticoronaviral therapies (CACT) against FIPV serotype II, which provided evidence for synergy for selected combinations. We also determined the pharmacokinetic properties of MPV, GS-441524, and RDV after oral administration to cats in vivo as well as after intravenous administration of RDV. We established that orally administered MPV at 10 mg/kg, GS-441524 and RDV at 25 mg/kg, and intravenously administered RDV at 7 mg/kg achieves plasma levels greater than the established corresponding EC50 values, which are sustained over 24 h for GS-441514 and RDV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach)
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9 pages, 812 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of UVC Excimer Lamp (222 nm) Efficacy for Coronavirus Inactivation in an Animal Model
by Claudia Maria Tucciarone, Mattia Cecchinato, Lucrezia Vianello, Gabriele Simi, Enrico Borsato, Luca Silvestrin, Michele Giorato, Cristiano Salata, Mauro Morandin, Elisa Greggio and Michele Drigo
Viruses 2022, 14(9), 2038; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14092038 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2708
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has encouraged the evaluation of novel instruments for disinfection and lowering infectious pressure. Ultraviolet subtype C (UVC) excimer lamps with 222 nm wavelength have been tested on airborne pathogens on surfaces and [...] Read more.
The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has encouraged the evaluation of novel instruments for disinfection and lowering infectious pressure. Ultraviolet subtype C (UVC) excimer lamps with 222 nm wavelength have been tested on airborne pathogens on surfaces and the exposure to this wavelength has been considered safer than conventional UVC. To test the efficacy of UVC excimer lamps on coronaviruses, an animal model mimicking the infection dynamics was implemented. An attenuated vaccine based on infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was nebulized and irradiated by 222 nm UVC rays before the exposure of a group of day-old chicks to evaluate the virus inactivation. A control group of chicks was exposed to the nebulized vaccine produced in the same conditions but not irradiated by the lamps. The animals of both groups were sampled daily and individually by choanal cleft swabs and tested usign a strain specific real time RT-PCR to evaluate the vaccine replication. Only the birds in the control group were positive, showing an active replication of the vaccine, revealing the efficacy of the lamps in inactivating the vaccine below the infectious dose in the other group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach)
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8 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Experimental Infection of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with Two Strains of SARS-CoV-2
by Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Stephanie M. Porter, Karen A. Fox, Mary E. Wood, Daniel Neubaum and Marissa Quilici
Viruses 2022, 14(8), 1809; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14081809 - 18 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2437
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is presumed to have originated from wildlife and shares homology with other bat coronaviruses. Determining the susceptibility of North American bat species to SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance for making decisions regarding wildlife management, public health, [...] Read more.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is presumed to have originated from wildlife and shares homology with other bat coronaviruses. Determining the susceptibility of North American bat species to SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance for making decisions regarding wildlife management, public health, and conservation. In this study, Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) were experimentally infected with two strains of SARS-CoV-2 (parental WA01 and Delta variant), evaluated for clinical disease, sampled for viral shedding and antibody production, and analyzed for pathology. None of the bats (n = 18) developed clinical disease associated with infection, shed infectious virus, or developed histopathological lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. All bats had low levels of viral RNA in oral swabs, six bats had low levels of viral RNA present in the lungs during acute infection, and one of the four bats that were maintained until 28 days post-infection developed a neutralizing antibody response. These findings suggest that Brazilian free-tailed bats are permissive to infection by SARS-CoV-2, but they are unlikely to contribute to environmental maintenance or transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach)

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2 pages, 157 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Cook et al. An Optimized Bioassay for Screening Combined Anticoronaviral Compounds for Efficacy against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus with Pharmacokinetic Analyses of GS-441524, Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir in Cats. Viruses 2022, 14, 2429
by Sarah Cook, Luke Wittenburg, Victoria C. Yan, Jacob H. Theil, Diego Castillo, Krystle L. Reagan, Sonyia Williams, Cong-Dat Pham, Chun Li, Florian L. Muller and Brian G. Murphy
Viruses 2024, 16(3), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030397 - 4 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1087
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronaviruses across Species, a Comparative Approach)
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