Molecular Epidemiology, Evolution, and Dispersion of Flaviviruses (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2059

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Flavivirus, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: arbovirus; flavivirus; phylogenetics; molecular screening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: arbovirus; flavivirus; surveillance; molecular screening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz | FIOCRUZ · Departamento de Medicina Tropical (IOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: flavivirus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The tremendous success and immense interest generated by the first volume of this Special Issue, titled "Molecular Epidemiology, Evolution and Dispersion of Flaviviruses", have paved the way for the initiation of an equally captivating second edition. Flaviviruses, with their captivating complexities, have continued to fascinate scientists and public health experts across the globe, from Africa to the Americas.

Building upon the foundations laid in the previous Special Issue, this second edition aims to delve deeper into the molecular intricacies, evolutionary dynamics, and global dispersal patterns of these formidable pathogens. Positive-strand RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family, which include the likes of West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus, among others, have long posed a significant global health challenge.

The research presented in this Special Issue will showcase the latest advancements in our understanding of flaviviral behavior in natural conditions, shedding light on their multifaceted virulence mechanisms. Cutting-edge techniques in virus surveillance, genomic analysis, and phylogenetic reconstructions will be employed to unravel the complex relationships between flaviviral strains and their spread across geographical boundaries.

We invite researchers and experts from around the world to contribute their latest findings and insights on a wide range of topics, including virus genetics, epidemiology, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, vaccine development, improvements in diagnostics, and vector entomology. Together, we aim to further our collective understanding of these important human pathogens and inform ongoing efforts to mitigate the global burden of flaviviral diseases.

Dr. Marta Giovanetti
Dr. Fernanda De Bruycker Nogueira
Dr. Ana Maria Bispo De Filippis
Dr. Anne Paiva
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • flavivirus
  • evolution
  • genomic epidemiology
  • phylodynamics
  • transmission

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 2139 KiB  
Article
Selection Pressure Profile Suggests Species Criteria among Tick-Borne Orthoflaviviruses
by Andrei A. Deviatkin, Yulia A. Aleshina, Galina G. Karganova and Alexander N. Lukashev
Viruses 2024, 16(10), 1554; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16101554 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 743
Abstract
Orthoflaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and cause a range of significant human diseases. Among the most important tick-borne orthoflaviviruses (TBFVs) is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is endemic in Eurasia, and Powassan virus, which is endemic in [...] Read more.
Orthoflaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and cause a range of significant human diseases. Among the most important tick-borne orthoflaviviruses (TBFVs) is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is endemic in Eurasia, and Powassan virus, which is endemic in Asia and North America. There is a significant controversy regarding species assignment in the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex due to the complex phylogenetic, serological, ecological, and pathogenetic properties of viruses. Comparing the rate of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) over the course of tick-borne orthoflavivirus diversification suggests that there is a very strong stabilizing selection (Nei-Gojobori dN/dS < 0.1) among tick-borne orthoflaviviruses that differ by less than 13.5% amino acid/21.4% nucleotide sequences, and discretely more rapid accumulation of non-synonymous substitutions (dN/dS > 0.13) among more divergent viruses that belong to distinct species. This pattern was similarly observed in genome regions encoding structural (E) and non-structural (NS3) proteins. Below this distance threshold, viruses appear fit and strongly tied to their ecological niche, whereas above the threshold, a greater degree of adaptation appears necessary. This species criterion suggests that all subtypes of TBEV, all related ovine/caprine encephalomyelitis viruses, and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) together correspond to a single species. Within this species, viruses make up 11 subtypes that are reliably segregated by a 10% nucleotide distance cut-off suggested earlier for TBEV. The same 10% subtype cut-off suggests that Powassan virus includes two subtypes, Powassan and Deer Tick virus. Full article
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8 pages, 588 KiB  
Case Report
Exploring Dengue Infection in a Vaccinated Individual: Preliminary Molecular Diagnosis and Sequencing Insights
by Talita Émile Ribeiro Adelino, Sílvia Helena Sousa Pietra Pedroso, Maurício Lima, Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro Tomé, Natália Rocha Guimarães, Vagner Fonseca, Paulo Eduardo de Souza da Silva, Keldenn Melo Farias Moreno, Ana Cândida Araújo e Silva, Náthale Rodrigues Pinheiro, Carolina Senra Alves de Souza, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Marta Giovanetti and Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
Viruses 2024, 16(10), 1603; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16101603 - 12 Oct 2024
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Abstract
This study examines a case involving a 7-year-old child who developed dengue symptoms following Qdenga vaccination. Despite initial negative diagnostic results, molecular analysis confirmed an infection with DENV4. Next-generation sequencing detected viral RNA from both DENV2 and DENV4 serotypes, which were identified as [...] Read more.
This study examines a case involving a 7-year-old child who developed dengue symptoms following Qdenga vaccination. Despite initial negative diagnostic results, molecular analysis confirmed an infection with DENV4. Next-generation sequencing detected viral RNA from both DENV2 and DENV4 serotypes, which were identified as vaccine-derived strains using specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that these sequences belonged to the Qdenga vaccine rather than circulating wild-type viruses. This case underscores the critical need for precise diagnostic interpretation in vaccinated individuals to avoid misdiagnosis and to strengthen public health surveillance. A comprehensive understanding of vaccine-induced viremia is essential for refining dengue surveillance, improving diagnostic accuracy, and informing public health strategies in endemic regions. Full article
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