Viral Hepatitis Coinfection

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3904

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, 110 Francis Street, Suite 4A, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Interests: hepatitis; HIV; hepatitis co-infection; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; hepatocellular carcinoma

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Guest Editor
Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Interests: chronic hepatitis C

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health burden globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due primarily to complications of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In many of these regions, the presence of other viral co-infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dramatically worsens the outcome and in some instances, complicates the management of chronic HBV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we review the impact that viral co-infections have on chronic HBV infection and unique challenges that must be addressed to reduce the burden of disease. 

In the era of direct-acting antiviral therapies for HCV, access to care and treatment is the major challenge. Among HBV–HCV co-infected individuals, the decision to treat both viruses versus prioritized treatment for each needs to be addressed. The role of point-of-care testing and treatment will be reviewed, as well as monitoring for complications during and after curative therapy. 

Chronic HDV infection requires the helper function of HBV for its lifecycle and represents one of the most severe forms of viral hepatitis. Despite this dependence on HBV, the prevalence of HDV often does not mirror that of HBV. This paradox and the changing epidemiology of HDV will be reviewed. HDV is an undiagnosed disease due to a lack of awareness, low rates of screening of persons with chronic HBV infection, and limited treatment options. HDV screening tests and recommendations will be reviewed. The therapeutic pipeline for HDV is active, and an update of novel agents in development will be covered. 

The development of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for HIV has dramatically altered the outcome of HIV and has had downstream benefits to persons living with a HBV infection. HBV–HIV co-infected persons enjoy the benefits of being able to control both viruses with one pill. However, the outcome of liver disease among HBV–HIV co-infected persons in the era of anti-retroviral therapy remains incompletely understood and will be reviewed. The role of POC diagnostics in the diagnosis and linkage to care of persons with a HBV–HIV co-infection will be reviewed. 

We hope that this Special Issue, by identifying key knowledge gaps, will stimulate further research to improve the outcomes of millions of individuals with HBV co-infected with HCV, HDV, and HIV.

Dr. Daryl Lau
Dr. Marc G Ghany
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • viral hepatitis coinfection
  • HBV co-infected with HCV, HDV, and HIV
  • chronic viral hepatitis infection
  • care and treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1543 KiB  
Article
Serum microRNA 143 and 223 Gene Expression Profiles as Potential Biomarkers in Individuals with Hepatitis and COVID-19
by Lucas Lima da Silva, Luciane Almeida Amado Leon, Otacílio da Cruz Moreira, Wagner Luis da Costa Nunes Pimentel Coelho, Vanessa Duarte da Costa, Claudia Alexandra Pontes Ivantes, Priscila Pollo-Flores, Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez, Vanessa Salete de Paula and Livia Melo Villar
Viruses 2024, 16(11), 1734; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111734 - 4 Nov 2024
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as biomarkers and descriptors of the association between infections and other diseases, such as hepatitis and COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the role of miRNA serum expression according to laboratory data concerning hepatitis and COVID-19. Seventy individuals recruited [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as biomarkers and descriptors of the association between infections and other diseases, such as hepatitis and COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the role of miRNA serum expression according to laboratory data concerning hepatitis and COVID-19. Seventy individuals recruited in Southern and Southeastern Brazil donated serum samples and were divided into four groups: (i) 20 negative subjects, (ii) 20 presenting hepatitis, (iii) 19 with COVID-19 and (iv) 11 with hepatitis and COVID-19. Three miRNAs (miR-122, miR-143 and miR-223) were evaluated using real-time PCR. Hematological and biochemical markers were also analyzed. MiR-143 and miR-223 were downregulated among the hepatitis/COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between miR-223 and lymphocytes. There was a negative correlation between alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) for miR-143 and miR-223 and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) only for miR-223 (p < 0.05). For hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4), miR-122 and miR-143 had a greater association and miR-223 was more associated with a history of vaccination against COVID-19. MicroRNAs 143 and 223 could be useful as biomarkers for hepatitis coinfection with COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Coinfection)
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15 pages, 322 KiB  
Review
Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Mini Review
by Diana Asema Asandem, Selorm Philip Segbefia, Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi and Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney
Viruses 2024, 16(5), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050724 - 3 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2791
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the leading causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. Although there is a potent vaccine against HBV, many new infections are recorded annually, especially in poorly resourced places which have lax vaccination policies. Again, as [...] Read more.
Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the leading causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. Although there is a potent vaccine against HBV, many new infections are recorded annually, especially in poorly resourced places which have lax vaccination policies. Again, as HBV has no cure and chronic infection is lifelong, vaccines cannot help those already infected. Studies to thoroughly understand the HBV biology and pathogenesis are limited, leaving much yet to be understood about the genomic features and their role in establishing and maintaining infection. The current knowledge of the impact on disease progression and response to treatment, especially in hyperendemic regions, is inadequate. This calls for in-depth studies on viral biology, mainly for the purposes of coming up with better management strategies for infected people and more effective preventative measures for others. This information could also point us in the direction of a cure. Here, we discuss the progress made in understanding the genomic basis of viral activities leading to the complex interplay of the virus and the host, which determines the outcome of HBV infection as well as the impact of coinfections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Coinfection)
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