Wind Energy in Multi Energy Systems

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Renewable energy technologies, especially variable renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines and solar PV, are in quick development and will become the dominant power generation sources to replace fossil-fuel-based power generation technology in future clean and sustainable energy systems.

However, the fluctuating and fewer controllability features of variable renewable energy, especially wind power, presents significant challenges to the secured and stable operation of power systems, and affects the economics of the renewable energy power generators since the renewable power may not be fully utilized.

Multi energy systems, which integrate electricity, thermal and hydrogen/gas systems together, can explore the interactions of the different energy sectors to support the subsystems each other. For example, providing the power systems with the flexibility by regulating the heat pumps and electrical boilers in thermal systems, by controlling the fuel cells and electrolyser related to hydrogen systems. Further, the renewable power curtailments may be avoided in similar approaches.

Therefore, it is expected the integrated multi energy systems will be an effective approach of fully utilising renewable energy and supplying the energy demands in all energy sectors, including transportation systems.

The objective of this topic is to provide a forum with a set of publication collections to present the current research activities and trends in the area of wind power in multi energy systems. The scope of the topic may include but not limited to the following contents:

• Flexibility of power systems based on large scale wind power;
• Energy markets and wind power;
• Planning of multi energy systems with wind energy;
• Optimal operation of multi energy systems with wind energy;
• Wind Power to X;
• Wind power and transportation systems.

Prof. Dr. Zhe Chen
Dr. Davide Astolfi
Dr. Tingting Zhu
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Mechanics applmech	-	2.3	2020	21.4 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	17.5 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Processes processes	2.8	5.1	2013	14.4 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Sustainability sustainability	3.3	6.8	2009	20 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Wind wind	-	-	2021	43.5 Days	CHF 1000	Submit

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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All Applied Mechanics Energies Processes Sustainability Wind

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28 pages, 4228 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Global Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Characteristics and Potentials

by Sergen Tumse, Mehmet Bilgili, Alper Yildirim and Besir Sahin

Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6614; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156614 - 2 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4298

Abstract

Wind energy, which generates zero emissions, is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional electricity generation. For this reason, wind energy is a very popular topic, and there are many studies on this subject. Previous studies have often focused on onshore or offshore installations, [...] Read more.

Wind energy, which generates zero emissions, is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional electricity generation. For this reason, wind energy is a very popular topic, and there are many studies on this subject. Previous studies have often focused on onshore or offshore installations, lacking comprehensive comparisons and often not accounting for technological advancements and their impact on cost and efficiency. This study addresses these gaps by comparing onshore and offshore wind turbines worldwide in terms of installed capacity, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), total installed cost (TIC), capacity factor (CF), turbine capacity, hub height, and rotor diameter. Results show that onshore wind power capacity constituted 98.49% in 2010, 97.23% in 2015, and 92.9% in 2022 of the world’s total cumulative installed wind power capacity. Offshore wind capacity has increased yearly due to advantages like stronger, more stable winds and easier installation of large turbine components. LCOE for onshore wind farms decreased from 0.1021 USD/kWh in 2010 to 0.0331 USD/kWh in 2021, while offshore LCOE decreased from 0.1879 USD/kWh in 2010 to 0.0752 USD/kWh in 2021. By 2050, wind energy will contribute to 35% of the global electricity production. This study overcomes previous limitations by providing a comprehensive and updated comparison that incorporates recent technological advancements and market trends to better inform future energy policies and investments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Wind Energy in Multi Energy Systems)

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27 pages, 8833 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Coordinated Frequency Regulation between DFIG-VSWTs and BESS Hybrid Systems

by Baolong Nguyen Phung, Yuan-Kang Wu and Manh-Hai Pham

Energies 2024, 17(13), 3099; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133099 - 24 Jun 2024

Viewed by 688

Abstract

As the utilization of wind power systems continues to increase, reducing overall system inertia, there is a consequential negative impact on the power system’s ability to regulate frequency. Consequently, this study focuses on examining the fast-frequency regulation in high penetration of wind power, [...] Read more.

As the utilization of wind power systems continues to increase, reducing overall system inertia, there is a consequential negative impact on the power system’s ability to regulate frequency. Consequently, this study focuses on examining the fast-frequency regulation in high penetration of wind power, especially doubly fed induction generators—the most commonly installed wind turbine type, and an energy storage system installed in the wind farm. This study proposes a coordinated control of wind turbine generators and battery energy storage systems that provides fast-frequency regulation to the system while simultaneously ensuring the safety of the battery. Firstly, the fast-frequency regulation capability of the wind turbine will be studied. Secondly, primary frequency control of the battery energy storage system considering adaptive droop control based on state of charge is proposed to prevent both over-charging and over-discharging of the battery. Finally, this study proposed a coordinated fast-frequency regulation approach for the hybrid wind-storage system, which is evaluated under various wind speed scenarios. This approach involves a detailed analysis of the operational characteristics of the wind turbine generators to ensure optimal performance. The proposed method is validated through simulation using a MATLAB model of the wind-storage system, and comparative results with alternative control methods confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in raising the frequency nadir and avoiding the secondary frequency dip. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Wind Energy in Multi Energy Systems)

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22 pages, 66829 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Aerodynamic Analysis of Variable Camber-Morphing Airfoils with Substantial Camber Deflections

by Marta Marciniuk, Paweł Piskur, Łukasz Kiszkowiak, Łukasz Malicki, Krzysztof Sibilski, Katarzyna Strzelecka, Stanisław Kachel and Zygmunt Kitowski

Energies 2024, 17(8), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081801 - 9 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1473

Abstract

In recent years, morphing wings have become not only a concept, but an aerodynamic solution for the aviation industry to take a step forward toward future technologies. However, continuously morphing airfoils became an interesting answer to provide green energy solutions. In this paper, [...] Read more.

In recent years, morphing wings have become not only a concept, but an aerodynamic solution for the aviation industry to take a step forward toward future technologies. However, continuously morphing airfoils became an interesting answer to provide green energy solutions. In this paper, the authors conducted experimental research on a continuously camber-morphing airfoil using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. The main objective of this work was to research a variety of morphing airfoils with different camber deflections. An average velocity distribution and turbulence distribution were compared and are discussed. The two-dimensional PIV results were compared to the CFD simulations to validate the numerical method’s accuracy and obtain the aerodynamic coefficient’s trends. A further comparison revealed that morphing airfoils have better aerodynamic performance than conventional airfoils for very low camber deflections and create substantial amounts of drag for significant camber deflections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Wind Energy in Multi Energy Systems)

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22 pages, 9439 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Offshore Wind Power Resource Assessment in the Gulf of North Suez

by Shafiqur Rehman, Kashif Irshad, Nasiru I. Ibrahim, Ali AlShaikhi and Mohamed A. Mohandes

Sustainability 2023, 15(21), 15257; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115257 - 25 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1340

Abstract

Growing population, industrialization, and power requirements are adversely affecting the environment through increased greenhouse gases resulting from fossil fuel burning. Global greenhouse gas mitigation targets have led nations to promote clean and self-renewable sources of energy to address this environmental issue. Offshore wind [...] Read more.

Growing population, industrialization, and power requirements are adversely affecting the environment through increased greenhouse gases resulting from fossil fuel burning. Global greenhouse gas mitigation targets have led nations to promote clean and self-renewable sources of energy to address this environmental issue. Offshore wind power resources are relatively more attractive due to high winds, less turbulence, minimal visualization effects, and no interaction of infrastructure. The present study aims at conducting an offshore wind power resource assessment (OWPRA) at some locations in the Gulf of North Suez. For this purpose, the long-term hourly mean wind speed (WS) and wind direction above mean sea level (AMSL), as well as temperature and pressure data near the surface, are used. The data is obtained from ERA5 (fifth generation global climate reanalysis) at six (L1–L6) chosen offshore locations. The data covers a period of 43 years, between 1979 and 2021. The WS and direction are provided at 100 m AMSL, while temperature and pressure are available near water-surface level. At the L1 to L6 locations, the log-term mean WS and wind power density (WPD) values are found to be 7.55 m/s and 370 W/m², 6.37 m/s and 225 W/m², 6.91 m/s and 281 W/m², 5.48 m/s and 142 W/m², 4.30 m/s and 77 W/m², and 5.03 and 115 W/m² and at 100 m AMSL, respectively. The higher magnitudes of monthly and annual windy site identifier indices (MWSI and AWSI) of 18.68 and 57.41 and 12.70 and 42.94 at the L1 and L3 sites, and generally lower values of wind variability indices, are indicative of a favorable winds source, which is also supported by higher magnitudes of mean WS, WPD, annual energy yields, plant capacity factors, and wind duration at these sites. The cost of energy for the worst and the best cases are estimated as 10.120 USD/kWh and 1.274 USD/kWh at the L5 and L1 sites, corresponding to wind turbines WT1 and WT4. Based on this analysis, sites L1, L3, and L2 are recommended for wind farm development in order of preference. The wind variability and windy site identifier indices introduced will help decision-makers in targeting potential windy sites with more confidence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Wind Energy in Multi Energy Systems)

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20 pages, 2624 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Unit Combination Scheduling Method Considering System Frequency Dynamic Constraints under High Wind Power Share

by Qun Li, Qiang Li and Chenggen Wang

Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11840; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511840 - 1 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1161

Abstract

Power systems with a high wind power share are characterized by low rotational inertia and weak frequency regulation, which can easily lead to frequency safety problems. Providing virtual inertia for large-scale wind turbines to participate in frequency regulation is a solution, but virtual [...] Read more.

Power systems with a high wind power share are characterized by low rotational inertia and weak frequency regulation, which can easily lead to frequency safety problems. Providing virtual inertia for large-scale wind turbines to participate in frequency regulation is a solution, but virtual inertia is related to wind power output prediction. Due to wind power prediction errors, the system inertia is reduced and there is even a risk of instability. In this regard, this article proposes a unit commitment model that takes into account the constraints of sharp changes in frequency caused by wind power prediction errors. First, the expressions of the equivalent inertia, adjustment coefficient, and other frequency influence parameters of the frequency aggregation model for a high proportion wind power system are derived, revealing the mechanism of the influence of wind power prediction power and synchronous machine start stop status on the frequency modulation characteristics of the system. Second, the time domain expression of the system frequency after the disturbance is calculated by the segment linearization method, and the linear expressions of “frequency drop speed and frequency nadir” constraints are derived to meet the demand of frequency regulation in each stage of the system. Finally, a two-stage robust optimization model based on a wind power fuzzy set is constructed by combining the effects of wind power errors on power fluctuation and frequency regulation capability. The proposed model is solved through affine decision rules to reduce its complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed model and method can effectively improve the frequency response characteristics and increase the operational reliability of high-share wind power systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Wind Energy in Multi Energy Systems)

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