Actuators

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11 pages, 2316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Bending-Stiffness Connector (HBSC) and High-Authority Piezoelectric Actuator (HAPA) Made of Such

by Yu Huang, Yue Xue Xia, Dian Hua Lin and Leong-Chew Lim

Actuators 2018, 7(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030061 - 12 Sep 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5857

High-authority piezoelectric actuator (HAPA) is a term used to describe high-performance piezoelectric actuators of relatively large displacement (≥50 μm) and high blocking force (≥100 N), but compact in size. One such piezoelectric actuator is described in this paper, which is made possible by [...] Read more.

High-authority piezoelectric actuator (HAPA) is a term used to describe high-performance piezoelectric actuators of relatively large displacement (≥50 μm) and high blocking force (≥100 N), but compact in size. One such piezoelectric actuator is described in this paper, which is made possible by means of high-bending-stiffness connector (HBSC) that connects multiple commercial piezoceramic stacks into a stable 2- (or multi-) level actuation configuration. Key design requirements for the HBSC are described. Computer simulation results and experimental verification are presented. A HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator was fabricated from such a HBSC, in which there are two commercial PZT stacks projecting upwards in the upper level and two projecting downwards in the lower lever, all of 5 × 5 mm² in cross-section and 40 mm in length. The HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator prototype displays about twice the overall stroke and blocking force of individual stacks, being about 90 μm and >1600 N, respectively. This compares favorably with lever-arm, flextensional, and telescopic actuators, of which the blocking force is adversely affected. Using a similar concept, HBSCs and HAPAs of other designs are presented. In addition to being stand-alone actuators, the HAPAs can be used as the active material to drive existing displacement amplification schemes to produce piezoelectric actuators of exceptional performance characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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14 pages, 4376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hi-Fi Stake Piezo Single Crystal Actuator

by Yu Huang, Shuangjie Zhang, Penghui Wang, Yue Xue Xia, Dian Hua Lin, Kui Yao and Leong-Chew Lim

Actuators 2018, 7(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030060 - 12 Sep 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6833

Abstract

High fidelity (Hi-Fi) piezoelectric single crystal stake actuators are presented in this work. They are made of multiple rectangular d₃₂ mode lead-based relaxor ferroelectric (notably Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PZN-PT) and Pb(In_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃-Pb(Mg [...] Read more.

High fidelity (Hi-Fi) piezoelectric single crystal stake actuators are presented in this work. They are made of multiple rectangular d₃₂ mode lead-based relaxor ferroelectric (notably Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PZN-PT) and Pb(In_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃-Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PIN-PMN-PT)) single crystals bonded along their long edges with the aid of compliant polymeric edge guides into a square or polygonal pipe-like construction. Due to the highly stable engineered domain structure and high piezoelectricity of single crystal active materials, the actuators exhibit large linear displacement responses with negligible (<1%) hysteresis. Prototypes of square-pipe stake actuators were first fabricated and their phase transformation curves under different applied voltages, axial compressive loads and temperatures were established. Based on the information obtained, a range of Hi-Fi stake actuators with external square cross-sections of 5 × 5 mm², 7.5 × 7.5 mm² and 10 × 10 mm², each of 4 different overall lengths of 15, 28, 41 and 54 mm, were further designed and fabricated using either PZN-PT or PIN-PMN-PT single crystals (both with T_RO ≈ 110–125 °C) of 0.4 mm in crystal thickness. The stroke for the longest stake actuator fabricated (L = 54 mm) reaches −58 µm at 240 V. The working conditions, over which these Hi-Fi stake actuators remain linear with negligible hysteresis, were established for a total load of up to 10 kg and use temperature of up to 40 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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19 pages, 843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Implementation of a Multi-Channel Active Control System for the Reduction of Road Induced Vehicle Interior Noise

by Gunnar Gäbel, Jonathan Millitzer, Heiko Atzrodt, Sven Herold and Andreas Mohr

Actuators 2018, 7(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030052 - 27 Aug 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6049

Abstract

An optimized driving comfort with a low interior noise level is an important intention in the passenger car development process. The interior noise level caused by the dynamic interaction between the rolling tyre and the rough road surface and transmitted via the car-body [...] Read more.

An optimized driving comfort with a low interior noise level is an important intention in the passenger car development process. The interior noise level caused by the dynamic interaction between the rolling tyre and the rough road surface and transmitted via the car-body is a significant component of the entire noise level. To reduce the road induced interior noise, in general, the chassis system has to be optimized. Passive measures often induces a trade-off between vehicle dynamics and driving comfort. To overcome this disadvantage in this paper, the development and realization of an active measure is proposed. For the purpose of active mechanical decoupling, an active control system is developed, the feasibility of the integration is investigated and its noise reduction potential is identified by vehicle tests. In a first step, a classical multi-channel and experimental-based structure-borne transfer path analysis of the full vehicle is realized to determine the dominant transfer paths. The concept for the active mount system (active mounts, multi-channel control system, sensors) is developed and parametrized by system level simulation. Mechanical components and power electronics of the active system are designed, manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Subsequently, the entire active system is integrated into the vehicle. The broadband adaptive feedforward algorithm is extended by certain measures in order to improve robustness and performance. Full vehicle tests are used to quantify the required specifications and the achieved effectiveness of the active vibration control system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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12 pages, 1555 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Passive Damping of Rotationally Periodic Structures with Tuned Piezoelectric Inductive Shunt

by Bilal Mokrani, Renaud Bastaits, Iulian Romanescu, Mihaita Horodinca, Ioan Burda and André Preumont

Actuators 2018, 7(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030041 - 19 Jul 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7365

Abstract

This paper considers the piezoelectric resistive and inductive RL shunt damping applied to rotationally periodic structures equipped with an array of regularly spaced piezoelectric patches. A method for simplifying the hardware, by reducing the size of the inductors and eliminating the use of [...] Read more.

This paper considers the piezoelectric resistive and inductive RL shunt damping applied to rotationally periodic structures equipped with an array of regularly spaced piezoelectric patches. A method for simplifying the hardware, by reducing the size of the inductors and eliminating the use of synthetic inductors, is described. The paper compares two different ways of using the piezoelectric array: independent loops and parallel loops. It shows that, if a specific mode with n nodal diameters is targeted, mounting

4 n

piezoelectric patches in two parallel loops is as efficient as mounting them in

4 n

independent loops, while considerably reducing the demand on the inductors, L, (by

4 n^{2}

). The method takes advantage of the mode shapes of rotationally periodic structures. The proposed method is validated numerically and experimentally on a rotationally periodic circular plate (nearly axisymmetric). The proposed technique is aimed at turbomachinery applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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16 pages, 1746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bouc–Wen Model-Based Compensation of the Frequency-Dependent Hysteresis of a Piezoelectric Actuator Exhibiting Odd Harmonic Oscillation

by Fumitake Fujii, Ken’ichi Tatebatake, Kohei Morita and Takehiro Shiinoki

Actuators 2018, 7(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030037 - 6 Jul 2018

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7646

Abstract

This paper proposes an enhancement of the Bouc–Wen hysteresis model to capture the frequency-dependent hysteretic behavior of a thin bimorph-type piezoelectric actuator which also exhibits odd harmonic oscillation (OHO) at specific input frequencies. The odd harmonic repetitive controller has recently been proposed to [...] Read more.

This paper proposes an enhancement of the Bouc–Wen hysteresis model to capture the frequency-dependent hysteretic behavior of a thin bimorph-type piezoelectric actuator which also exhibits odd harmonic oscillation (OHO) at specific input frequencies. The odd harmonic repetitive controller has recently been proposed to compensate for the hysteresis, and attenuates the OHO of the piezoelectric actuator for which the hysteresis nonlinearity is regarded as a disturbance. This paper proposes an alternate treatment of the hysteresis compensation with the attenuation of the OHO observed at some input frequencies. It will be shown that the proposed compensator fully utilizes the mathematical structure of the enhanced Bouc–Wen model proposed in this paper to compensate the hysteresis and to attenuate the OHO. The results of the hysteresis compensation experiment illustrate the excellent performance of the proposed control system, especially at the frequencies where OHO is conspicuous. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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14 pages, 7059 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Piezoelectric Plates Distribution for Active Control of Torsional Vibrations

by Fabio Botta and Federico Toccaceli

Actuators 2018, 7(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7020023 - 19 May 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5792

Abstract

The active vibration control systems have received considerable attention in various areas of mechanical engineering. The advent of smart materials has significantly increased the available solutions for engineers in this field. Among these, piezoelectric materials are among the most promising ones but their [...] Read more.

The active vibration control systems have received considerable attention in various areas of mechanical engineering. The advent of smart materials has significantly increased the available solutions for engineers in this field. Among these, piezoelectric materials are among the most promising ones but their placement is an important parameter for their efficiency. The optimal placement to damp the flexural modes is a topic widely studied in the literature but this is not for the torsional modes. In this paper a new analytical method to find the optimal placement of piezoelectric plates to control the multimode torsional vibrations of a cantilever beam is proposed. The results are compared with those obtained by a finite element code with a very good agreement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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17 pages, 16955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Contactlessly Powered and Piezoelectrically Actuated Tools for Non-Resonant Vibration Assisted Milling

by Martin Silge and Thomas Sattel

Actuators 2018, 7(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7020019 - 24 Apr 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7285

Abstract

This contribution presents a novel design approach for vibration assisted machining (VAM). A lot of research has already been done regarding the influence of superimposed vibrations during a milling process, but there is almost no information about how to design a VAM tool [...] Read more.

This contribution presents a novel design approach for vibration assisted machining (VAM). A lot of research has already been done regarding the influence of superimposed vibrations during a milling process, but there is almost no information about how to design a VAM tool where the tool is actually rotating. The proposed system consists of a piezoelectric actuator for vibration excitation, an inductive contactless energy transfer system and an electronic circuit for powering the actuated tool. The main benefit of transferring the required power without mechanical contact is that the maximum spindle speed is no longer restricted by friction of slip rings. A detailed model is shown that enables for preliminary estimation of the system’s response to different excitation signals. Experimental data are provided to validate the model. Finally, some parts are shown that have been manufactured using the contactlessly actuated milling tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 12227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examination of High-Torque Sandwich-Type Spherical Ultrasonic Motor Using with High-Power Multimode Annular Vibrating Stator

by Ai Mizuno, Koki Oikawa, Manabu Aoyagi, Hidekazu Kajiwara, Hideki Tamura and Takehiro Takano

Actuators 2018, 7(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/act7010008 - 27 Feb 2018

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 8850

Abstract

Spherical ultrasonic motors (SUSMs) that can operate with multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) using only a single stator have high holding torque and high torque at low speed, which makes reduction gearing unnecessary. The simple structure of MDOF-SUSMs makes them useful as compact [...] Read more.

Spherical ultrasonic motors (SUSMs) that can operate with multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) using only a single stator have high holding torque and high torque at low speed, which makes reduction gearing unnecessary. The simple structure of MDOF-SUSMs makes them useful as compact actuators, but their development is still insufficient for applications such as joints of humanoid robots and other systems that require MDOF and high torque. To increase the torque of a sandwich-type MDOF-SUSM, we have not only made the vibrating stator and spherical rotor larger but also improved the structure using three design concepts: (1) increasing the strength of all three vibration modes using multilayered piezoelectric actuators (MPAs) embedded in the stator, (2) enhancing the rigidity of the friction driving portion of the stator for transmitting more vibration force to the friction-driven rotor surface, and (3) making the support mechanism more stable. An MDOF-SUSM prototype was tested, and the maximum torques of rotation around the X(Y)-axis and Z-axis were measured as 1.48 N∙m and 2.05 N∙m, respectively. Moreover, the values for torque per unit weight of the stator were obtained as 0.87 N∙m/kg for the X(Y)-axis and 1.20 N∙m/kg for the Z-axis. These are larger than values reported for any other sandwich-type MDOF-SUSM of which we are aware. Hence, the new design concepts were shown to be effective for increasing torque. In addition, we measured the transient response and calculated the load characteristics of rotation around the rotor’s three orthogonal axes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Actuators 2018)

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