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Agronomy
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Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy
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Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Weed Science and Weed Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2020) | Viewed by 31593

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. David Clements

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
Interests: agroecology; weed biology and ecology; weed management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With atmospheric CO2 increasing approximately 30% since the 1950s, resulting in widespread changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events, weed management implications are inevitable. Weed responses to atmospheric carbon and climate change frequently differ from crop responses. Furthermore, herbicide efficacy is altered under these changing conditions. Of central importance to addressing these issues is understanding how weeds evolve. It is clear weeds are highly capable of evolving herbicide resistance, but climate change is also a selection pressure that is not as well studied. Climate change is frequently classed as a wicked problem, meaning the problem is virtually intractable due to its dynamic complexity. Similarly, weeds tend to evolve rapidly, also presenting a moving target. There is an urgent need for improved understanding of the interactions between climate change and herbicide efficacy as mediated by weed evolution.

This Special Issue will take on the wicked problem presented by weed evolution under climate change and its potential impacts on herbicide efficacy. I welcome submissions of novel research or reviews on any related topics including the relationship of climate change to weed ecophysiology, weed epigenetics and plasticity, herbicide technology, herbicide resistance, weed and crop phenology, weed distribution changes, and holistic management approaches.

Prof. David Clements
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Weed ecophysiology
  • Herbicide technology
  • Herbicide efficacy
  • Weed epigenetics and plasticity
  • Weed population genetics
  • Herbicide resistance
  • Cropping systems
  • Weed and crop phenology
  • Weed distribution changes
  • Integrated weed management

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

22 pages, 4594 KiB  
Article
Impact of Grass Cover Management with Herbicides on Biodiversity, Soil Cover and Humidity in Olive Groves in the Southern Iberian
by J.C. Piñar Fuentes, Felipe Leiva, Ana Cano-Ortiz, Carmelo M. Musarella, Ricardo Quinto-Canas, Carlos J. Pinto-Gomes and Eusebio Cano
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030412 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2866
Abstract
In the present work, we studied the effect of herbicide use on extensive olive grove cultivation. To carry out this study, we analysed the effect that herbicide use had on biodiversity, vegetation cover and soil water content. For this purpose, 96 vegetation and [...] Read more.
In the present work, we studied the effect of herbicide use on extensive olive grove cultivation. To carry out this study, we analysed the effect that herbicide use had on biodiversity, vegetation cover and soil water content. For this purpose, 96 vegetation and soil sampling points were first taken, then georeferenced, and for each sampling point, several bioclimatic variables were interpolated. We concluded that the management of cover crops with herbicides over a long period of time resulted in a decrease in biodiversity, and the dominance of some species that were more resistant to herbicides was increased. Another finding was that the vegetation cover was reduced in the resampling in cases with herbicide management and that the location within the cropland (under the tree canopy, road, boundary or pasture) also has an influence. Finally, the study of soil moisture shows that soil water content was lower in the case of management with herbicides than in the case of management without herbicides. This loss of soil moisture was more accentuated and faster in areas with less vegetation cover. This work highlights the need to change the management models for tree crops in order to preserve biodiversity, soil quality and optimise water resources in a context of accelerated climate change in one of the regions most severely affected by global warming, the Mediterranean belt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)
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19 pages, 3124 KiB  
Article
Rapid Reduction of Herbicide Susceptibility in Junglerice by Recurrent Selection with Sublethal Dose of Herbicides and Heat Stress
by Lariza Benedetti, Gulab Rangani, Vívian Ebeling Viana, Pâmela Carvalho-Moore, Aldo Merotto, Jr., Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo, Luis Antonio de Avila and Nilda Roma-Burgos
Agronomy 2020, 10(11), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111761 - 12 Nov 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3946
Abstract
Global climate change, specifically rising temperature, can alter the molecular physiology of weedy plants. These changes affect herbicide efficacy and weed management. This research aimed to investigate the combined effect of heat stress (HS) and sublethal doses of herbicides (four active ingredients) on [...] Read more.
Global climate change, specifically rising temperature, can alter the molecular physiology of weedy plants. These changes affect herbicide efficacy and weed management. This research aimed to investigate the combined effect of heat stress (HS) and sublethal doses of herbicides (four active ingredients) on adaptive gene expression and efficacy of herbicide on Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (junglerice). Three factors were evaluated; factor A was E. colona generation (G0-original population from susceptible standard; G1 and G2 were progenies of recurrent selection), factor B was herbicide treatment (florpyrauxifen-benzyl, glufosinate-ammonium, imazethapyr, quinclorac and nontreated check) and factor C was HS (30 and 45 °C). The herbicides were applied at 0.125× the recommended dose. Recurrent exposure to HS, combined with sublethal doses of herbicides, favors the selection of plants less susceptible to the herbicide. Upregulation of defense (antioxidant) genes (APX: Ascorbate peroxidase), herbicide detoxification genes (CYP450 family: Cytochrome P450), stress acclimation genes (HSP: Heat shock protein, TPP: Trehalose phosphate phosphatase and TPS: Trehalose phosphate synthase) and genes related to herbicide conjugation (UGT: UDP Glucosyltransferase) was significant. The positive regulation of these genes may promote increased tolerance of E. colona to these herbicides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)
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Graphical abstract

9 pages, 2449 KiB  
Article
Effects of Elevated Temperature and CO2 Concentration on Seedling Growth of Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. and Bromus tectorum L.
by Audrey J. Harvey, Lisa J. Rew, Tim S. Prather and Jane M. Mangold
Agronomy 2020, 10(11), 1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111718 - 5 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2276
Abstract
The impacts of climate change are expected to alter the abundance and distribution of invasive annual grasses, such as Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. (ventenata). High temperature extremes will be more frequent and for longer periods, and increased atmospheric [...] Read more.
The impacts of climate change are expected to alter the abundance and distribution of invasive annual grasses, such as Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. (ventenata). High temperature extremes will be more frequent and for longer periods, and increased atmospheric CO2 is expected to double even with the most conservative estimates. Climate change draws concern for the potential success of winter annual grasses in arid and semi-arid plant communities. Information on B. tectorum’s growth response to climate change in laboratory and field experiments are available for monocultures; however, more knowledge is needed on the response when growing with other invasive grasses, such as V. dubia. We examined differences in seedling growth for V. dubia and B. tectorum growing alone and with each other under current (4 °C/23 °C at 400 ppm CO2) and elevated (10.6 °C/29.6 °C at 800 ppm CO2) climate conditions. There was one trial per climate scenario with 10 replications per competition type (inter-, intra-specific competition for each species). Bromus tectorum was larger than V. dubia across climate and competition treatments, but contrary to previous studies, both species were smaller in the elevated climate treatment. Ventenata dubia allocated more growth to its roots than B. tectorum across both climate treatments, indicating V. dubia may have a competitive advantage for soil resources now and in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)
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12 pages, 243 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures
by Lauren A. Rhodes and Bruce A. McCarl
Agronomy 2020, 10(5), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050745 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6251
Abstract
The climate alters pest populations and in turn, pesticide use and cost as well as use of other pest treatments. This paper analyzes the effect of the climate on pesticide expenditures by category, namely: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. This is done by econometrically [...] Read more.
The climate alters pest populations and in turn, pesticide use and cost as well as use of other pest treatments. This paper analyzes the effect of the climate on pesticide expenditures by category, namely: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. This is done by econometrically estimating the effects of climate variables such as mean temperature and precipitation as well as the number of hot days, cold days, and wet days on the mean and variance of expenditures by category. The estimates are performed for corn, soybeans, spring and winter wheat, and potatoes. We find that climate factors influence fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide expenditures and that this influence is heterogeneous, varying in nature across crops and pesticide categories. Moreover, we find that climate extremes are more important in determining pesticide expenditures than climate averages in several cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)

Review

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20 pages, 374 KiB  
Review
Ten Ways That Weed Evolution Defies Human Management Efforts Amidst a Changing Climate
by David R. Clements and Vanessa L. Jones
Agronomy 2021, 11(2), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020284 - 4 Feb 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7707
Abstract
The ability of weeds to evolve is key to their success, and the relationship between weeds and humans is marked by co-evolution going back to the agricultural revolution, with weeds evolving to counter human management actions. In recent years, climate change has emerged [...] Read more.
The ability of weeds to evolve is key to their success, and the relationship between weeds and humans is marked by co-evolution going back to the agricultural revolution, with weeds evolving to counter human management actions. In recent years, climate change has emerged as yet another selection pressure imposed on weeds by humans, and weeds are likewise very capable of adapting to this latest stress of human origin. This review summarizes 10 ways this adaptation occurs: (1) general-purpose genotypes, (2) life history strategies, (3) ability to evolve rapidly, (4) epigenetic capacity, (5) hybridization, (6) herbicide resistance, (7) herbicide tolerance, (8) cropping systems vulnerability, (9) co-evolution of weeds with human management, and (10) the ability of weeds to ride the climate storm humans have generated. As pioneer species ecologically, these 10 ways enable weeds to adapt to the numerous impacts of climate change, including warming temperatures, elevated CO2, frequent droughts and extreme weather events. We conclude that although these 10 ways present formidable challenges for weed management, the novelty arising from weed evolution could be used creatively to prospect for genetic material to be used in crop improvement, and to develop a more holistic means of managing agroecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)
10 pages, 246 KiB  
Review
Impact of Climate Change on Population Dynamics and Herbicide Resistance in Kochia (Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott)
by Jinyi Chen, Erin Burns, Margaret Fleming and Eric Patterson
Agronomy 2020, 10(11), 1700; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111700 - 3 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2708
Abstract
Climate change has greatly impacted agronomy. Climate forecasts for the coming years predict increases in global temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and extreme weather events. These changes will continue to influence agricultural production by altering abiotic stress on plants, including crops and weeds. Kochia, [...] Read more.
Climate change has greatly impacted agronomy. Climate forecasts for the coming years predict increases in global temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and extreme weather events. These changes will continue to influence agricultural production by altering abiotic stress on plants, including crops and weeds. Kochia, one of the most common weeds in North America, is a C4 plant exceptional for its drought tolerance. Kochia has also demonstrated rapid adaption and evolution to the abiotic stress of herbicide application, particularly glyphosate. Abiotic stresses from both climate change and herbicides impact the distribution and expansion of kochia. Being aware of the features and properties of kochia, especially those resulting from herbicide resistance, will help anticipate how kochia responds or migrates under future climate change, and help create proper strategies for kochia weed management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

10 pages, 711 KiB  
Perspective
Climate Change and the Herbicide Paradigm: Visiting the Future
by Lewis H. Ziska
Agronomy 2020, 10(12), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121953 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4696
Abstract
Weeds are recognized globally as a major constraint to crop production and food security. In recent decades, that constraint has been minimized through the extensive use of herbicides in conjunction with genetically modified resistant crops. However, as is becoming evident, such a stratagem [...] Read more.
Weeds are recognized globally as a major constraint to crop production and food security. In recent decades, that constraint has been minimized through the extensive use of herbicides in conjunction with genetically modified resistant crops. However, as is becoming evident, such a stratagem is resulting in evolutionary selection for widespread herbicide resistance and the need for a reformation of current practices regarding weed management. Whereas such a need is recognized within the traditional auspices of weed science, it is also imperative to include emerging evidence that rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and climatic shifts will impose additional selection pressures that will, in turn, affect herbicide efficacy. The goal of the current perspective is to provide historical context of herbicide use, outline the biological basis for CO2/climate impacts on weed biology, and address the need to integrate this information to provide a long-term sustainable paradigm for weed management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Climate Change for Weed Evolution and Herbicide Efficacy)
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