Animal Ontogeny, Plasticity and Ecology

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecology and Conservation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 May 2025 | Viewed by 2882

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, USA
Interests: animal play behavior; ecology, ontogeny and plasticity; natural history

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The control of ecology through development in animals is the theme of this Special Issue. Habitat, food, and social interaction are recast in an ecological lifespan perspective as active interactions between an organism and its environment rather than as drivers of conflict. In contrast, a traditional and still-influential view, brought about by Leigh Van Valen, portrays organisms as essentially genetically driven and environmentally responsive (Van Valen’s “control of development by ecology”).

This Special Issue presents both theory and empirical results. The empirical results serve as examples of ecological interactions involving animals of pre-adult ages. For example, one of the key life history stages of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, an anadromous fish species of the North Pacific Rim, is the freshwater juvenile period. Fisheries scientists have long recognized the importance of early life histories in stock productivity. More recently, ecologists have recognized that ecological ideas and processes do not concern just adults.

The life history ecology, habitat ecology, foraging and food-gathering ecology, and social ecology of immature and developing animals are the supporting themes of this special issue. The biology of active animal–environment interaction is a key focus. The term “agency” is frequently used to describe interactions of this general sort. Play behavior enters this picture as a source of behavioral plasticity, flexibility, creativity, and novelty, driving longer-term phylogenetic change. The ecology of such play behavior is a pervasive keynote of this Special Issue.

This view of the history of life on Earth serves to complement (and not contradict) key insights offered by comparative psychology and cognitive science. Synthetically, these separate fields are expected to yield novel insights into the manifold designs that emerge from active interactions between organisms and the environment.

Dr. Robert M. Fagen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • agency
  • development
  • early life history
  • ethology
  • foraging
  • habitat
  • ontogeny
  • phylogeny
  • play
  • social behavior

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2227 KiB  
Article
Learning to Hunt on the Go: Dietary Changes During Development of Rhinolophid Bats
by Miren Aldasoro, Nerea Vallejo, Lander Olasagasti, Oihane Diaz de Cerio and Joxerra Aihartza
Animals 2024, 14(22), 3303; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223303 - 16 Nov 2024
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Mammals may experience physical changes from birth, and their diet varies at different stages of life. This study investigates the impact of development on the diet composition of three horseshoe bats: Rhinolophus euryale, R. hipposideros, and R. ferrumequinum in the Basque [...] Read more.
Mammals may experience physical changes from birth, and their diet varies at different stages of life. This study investigates the impact of development on the diet composition of three horseshoe bats: Rhinolophus euryale, R. hipposideros, and R. ferrumequinum in the Basque Country, north of the Iberian Peninsula. The diets of juvenile and adult individuals of each species were obtained by analysing their droppings using metabarcoding and then compared at (1) the taxonomic and (2) prey trait levels (size, flying speed, hardness). The diets of juvenile and adult individuals of R. euryale and R. hipposideros showed significant differences at the taxonomic level and regarding prey traits. In contrast, in the case of R. ferrumequinum, we could only observe discernible diet patterns through the trait analysis. Additionally, we discovered a shared pattern: younger individuals tend to feed on easier-to-hunt and/or handle smaller and smoother prey. The varying degrees of dissimilarity between juvenile and adult diets observed in this study suggest that the relative importance of psychomotor development, foraging strategies, prey discrimination, and/or spatial learning may differ among species. These findings contribute to conservation efforts, especially by recognising the dietary needs of juveniles for their survival and successful development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Ontogeny, Plasticity and Ecology)
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12 pages, 1749 KiB  
Article
Facilitation of Evolution by Plasticity Scales with Phenotypic Complexity
by Mikhail Burtsev, Konstantin Anokhin and Patrick Bateson
Animals 2024, 14(19), 2804; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14192804 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Developmental plasticity enables organisms to cope with new environmental challenges. If deploying such plasticity is costly in terms of time or energy, the same adaptive behaviour could subsequently evolve through piecemeal genomic reorganisation that replaces the requirement to acquire that adaptation by individual [...] Read more.
Developmental plasticity enables organisms to cope with new environmental challenges. If deploying such plasticity is costly in terms of time or energy, the same adaptive behaviour could subsequently evolve through piecemeal genomic reorganisation that replaces the requirement to acquire that adaptation by individual plasticity. Here, we report a new dimension to the way in which plasticity can drive evolutionary change, leading to an ever-greater complexity in biological organisation. Plasticity dramatically accelerates the evolutionary accumulation of adaptive systems in model organisms with relatively low rates of mutation. The effect of plasticity on the evolutionary growth of complexity is even greater when the number of elements needed to construct a functional system is increased. These results suggest that, as the difficulty of challenges from the environment becomes greater, plasticity exerts an ever more powerful role in meeting those challenges and in opening up new avenues for the subsequent evolution of complex adaptations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Ontogeny, Plasticity and Ecology)
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28 pages, 9870 KiB  
Article
The Role of Play in the Social Development of Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Pups with Comparative Notes on the Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina)
by Susan C. Wilson
Animals 2024, 14(14), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142086 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 816
Abstract
Juvenile grey seals are known to be highly social, interacting with contact behaviours interpreted as gentle play. However, minimal sociality of pups with their mothers and among weaned pups has been suggested. The present study aimed to observe the natural social interactions of [...] Read more.
Juvenile grey seals are known to be highly social, interacting with contact behaviours interpreted as gentle play. However, minimal sociality of pups with their mothers and among weaned pups has been suggested. The present study aimed to observe the natural social interactions of pups to track the early ontogeny of their sociality. Pup behaviour at a salt marsh colony on the east coast of England was video-recorded. Pups interacted with their mothers around suckling bouts and after weaning as they gathered around pools. The records were transcribed to spreadsheets in 30 s time segments to estimate the frequency and co-occurrence of different behaviours. Mother-pup interaction comprised nosing contacts and sometimes contact play, involving one laying the head and fore-flipper over the other. Initial weaned pup encounters involved tentative nosing and defensive splashing, indicating contact shyness. However, socially orientated locomotor play, supine posturing, and exaggerated raising of fore- and hind-flippers led to reduced shyness and pups following one another towards the sea. Archive data on subadult interactions and on harbour seal behaviours were re-analysed. Gentle play-like contact between mother–pup, juvenile, and adult pairs is interpreted here as a universal mode of social bonding, underscoring the social structure of both grey and harbour seals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Ontogeny, Plasticity and Ecology)
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