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Animals
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Mastitis in Farm Animals: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention
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Mastitis in Farm Animals: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 10614

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Oudessa Kerro-Dego

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Interests: control and prevention of infectious diseases of farm animals with focuses on mastitis; antimi-crobial resistance mitigation; food safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mastitis is an infection of mammary glands with pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae) that results in inflammation and loss or reduction in milk production. Mastitis is a primary disease that causes huge economic losses on dairy farms throughout the globe. Significant advances have been achieved in diagnosing mastitis-causing pathogens and controlling their transmission from their natural habitat or infected animal to non-infected animals, as well as in the hygienic milking processes. However, despite various efforts to control mastitis over the past several years, effective and sustainable control tools or measures are yet to be developed. When fully applied, current mastitis control measures developed in the 1960s reduced the incidence of mastitis caused by some contagious bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae). However, these measures are less effective on mastitis caused by environmental bacteria (e.g., coliform bacteria). Dependence on antibiotics to control mastitis is not sustainable because of the limited success of antibiotic treatment and the increasing trend of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria emergence. Progress toward developing non-antibiotic alternative control tools such as effective vaccines, probiotics, prebiotics, phage therapy, and others is still slow and requires further detailed investigations. One of the major bottlenecks for the development of effective and sustainable control tools is a limited understanding of the pathogenesis of intramammary infections and host immunological defenses or other therapies required to cure each pathogen.

This Special Issue aims to compile the latest and most advanced technology-supported concise summary of the pathogenesis and effective and sustainable control and prevention tools for mastitis.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Pathogenesis of mastitis;
  • Host–pathogen interactions;
  • Host immunological responses during mastitis;
  • Host transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic responses during mastitis;
  • Vaccines ;
  • Probiotics;
  • Prebiotics;
  • Phage therapy;
  • Antimicrobial peptides;
  • Selection for disease-resistance genetic traits;
  • Nucleic acid-based antibacterial treatments such as the CRSPR-Cas system;
  • Improved herd health management;
  • Improved nutrition;
  • Improved environmental sanitation;
  • Biosecurity measures;
  • Selective dry cow therapy and teat sealants;
  • Improved mastitis diagnostic method.

Dr. Oudessa Kerro-Dego
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mastitis
  • animal
  • dairy animals
  • milk
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • control
  • prevention

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3077 KiB  
Article
Detection of Staphylococcus Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Virulence Genes from Subclinical Mastitis Cattle Milk Using MALDI-TOF MS, PCR and Sequencing in Free State Province, South Africa
by Ntelekwane G. Khasapane, Myburgh Koos, Sebolelo J. Nkhebenyane, Zamantungwa T. H. Khumalo, Tsepo Ramatla and Oriel Thekisoe
Animals 2024, 14(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14010154 - 2 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
Staphylococcus species are amongst the bacteria that cause bovine mastitis worldwide, whereby they produce a wide range of protein toxins, virulence factors, and antimicrobial-resistant properties which are enhancing the pathogenicity of these organisms. This study aimed to detect Staphylococcus spp. from the milk [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus species are amongst the bacteria that cause bovine mastitis worldwide, whereby they produce a wide range of protein toxins, virulence factors, and antimicrobial-resistant properties which are enhancing the pathogenicity of these organisms. This study aimed to detect Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR as well as screening for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. Our results uncovered that from 166 sampled cows, only 33.13% had subclinical mastitis after initial screening, while the quarter-level prevalence was 54%. Of the 50 cultured bacterial isolates, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR assay and sequencing identified S. aureus as the dominant bacteria by 76%. Furthermore, an AMR susceptibility test showed that 86% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, followed by ciprofloxacin (80%) and cefoxitin (52%). Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes showed that 16% of the isolates carried the mecA gene, while 52% of the isolates carried the Lg G-binding region gene, followed by coa (42%), spa (40%), hla (38%), and hlb (38%), whereas sea and bap genes were detected in 10% and 2% of the isolates, respectively. The occurrence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles highlights the need for appropriate strategies to control the spread of these pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mastitis in Farm Animals: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention)
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7 pages, 232 KiB  
Communication
Approach to Selective Dry Cow Therapy in Early Adopter Italian Dairy Farms: Why Compliance Is So Important
by Marcello Guadagnini, Clarissa Gogna, Cecilia Tolasi, Giacomo Tolasi, Gisella Gnali, Gustavo Freu, Anoar Jamai Masroure and Paolo Moroni
Animals 2023, 13(22), 3485; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13223485 - 11 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1184
Abstract
Selective dry-cow therapy (SDCT) became mandatory in Italy on 28 January 2022. During 2020, a group of farms involved in a milk quality program began a pilot experiment with SDCT in order to understand its challenges and to identify areas for procedural improvements. [...] Read more.
Selective dry-cow therapy (SDCT) became mandatory in Italy on 28 January 2022. During 2020, a group of farms involved in a milk quality program began a pilot experiment with SDCT in order to understand its challenges and to identify areas for procedural improvements. The aim of this study was to describe the challenges and results of the SDCT in early adopters’ herds with a special focus on treatment compliance. Retrospective data from 1911 cows from 11 dairy herds were evaluated. Somatic cell counts, clinical mastitis (CM) history, and the California Mastitis Test (CMT) were used as criteria for SDCT. Based on the dairy herd improvement test results and CM history, 48% of all cows should have received antibiotic treatments and internal teat sealants. Adding the CMT at dry-off increased the percentage of antibiotic-treated cows to 62%, with relevant variation among farms. Concerning treatment compliance, 21% of the cows were “non-compliant”, suggesting the importance of monitoring treatment compliance. In conclusion, even if commonly used selection criteria for antibiotic treatments were used, the need for more education and in-depth monitoring of the SDCT adoption process was clearly identified. Close collaboration and agreement between veterinarians and farmers are key for SDCT adoption success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mastitis in Farm Animals: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention)
13 pages, 1812 KiB  
Article
Metabolomic Analysis of Multiple Biological Specimens (Feces, Serum, and Urine) by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis
by Chenglin Zhu, Qian Zhang, Xin Zhao, Zhibo Yang, Falong Yang, Yang Yang, Junni Tang and Luca Laghi
Animals 2023, 13(4), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040741 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2385
Abstract
Due to huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide, mastitis can be considered as one of the most common diseases in dairy cows. This work aimed to study this disease by comparing multiple biological specimens (feces, serum, and urine) from individuals with [...] Read more.
Due to huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide, mastitis can be considered as one of the most common diseases in dairy cows. This work aimed to study this disease by comparing multiple biological specimens (feces, serum, and urine) from individuals with or without clinical mastitis. This was performed by a single analytical platform, namely 1H-NMR, through a multi-matrix strategy. Thanks to the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we could characterize 120 molecules across dairy cow feces, serum, and urine. Among them, 23 molecules were in common across the three biofluids. By integrating the results of multi-matrix metabolomics, several pathways pertaining to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism appeared to be affected by clinical mastitis. The present work wished to deepen the understanding of dairy cow mastitis in its clinical form. Simultaneous analysis of metabolome changes across several key biofluids could facilitate knowledge discovery and the reliable identification of potential biomarkers, which could be, in turn, used to shed light on the early diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis in its subclinical form. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mastitis in Farm Animals: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention)
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18 pages, 368 KiB  
Article
Milk Pathogens in Correlation with Inflammatory, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat Subclinical Mastitis
by Cristiana Ștefania Novac, George Cosmin Nadăș, Ioana Adriana Matei, Cosmina Maria Bouari, Zsuzsa Kalmár, Smaranda Crăciun, Nicodim Iosif Fiț, Sorin Daniel Dan and Sanda Andrei
Animals 2022, 12(23), 3245; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233245 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3026
Abstract
Goat mastitis is still frequently diagnosed in dairy farms, with serious consequences on milk quality and composition. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between milk microorganisms and biochemical parameters in goats with no signs of clinical mastitis. Thus, 76 milk [...] Read more.
Goat mastitis is still frequently diagnosed in dairy farms, with serious consequences on milk quality and composition. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between milk microorganisms and biochemical parameters in goats with no signs of clinical mastitis. Thus, 76 milk samples were collected from a dairy goat farm, Carpathian breed, followed by microbiological, molecular (16S rRNA sequencing) and somatic cells analysis, determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β-glucuronidase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxides (LPO) using spectrophotometry and the ELISA method for 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as the oxidative DNA damage indicator. Samples positive for bacterial growth showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of somatic cells, LDH and β-glucuronidase activity, as well as higher levels of CAT, GPx, NO, LPO and 8-OHdG compared with pathogen-free milk whereas TAC was lower in milk from an infected udder. These findings suggest that subclinical mastitis is associated with increased enzymatic activity and induction of oxidative stress. Nevertheless, changes in biochemical parameters tended to vary depending on the pathogen, the most notable mean values being observed overall in milk positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mastitis in Farm Animals: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention)
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