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Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production

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A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2023) | Viewed by 30925

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chongxiao Chen

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Guest Editor

Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 110 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Interests: poultry health and nutrition

Prof. Dr. Jianmin Yuan

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: poultry nutrition; poultry management

Dr. Anthony Pokoo-Aikins

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Guest Editor

US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
Interests: poultry nutrition; poultry management; feed analysis; incubation

Special Issue Information

Feed represents around 65% of the total cost of chicken meat production. Improving the precision in nutrition and feeding will ensure that the poultry industry delivers affordable products to feed the increasing world population. Precision nutrition has become more critical in recent years due to amino acid and micronutrient shortages as well as the rising price of feed ingredients. Precision in feeding and nutrition also plays a vital role in improving production efficiency, nutrient utilization, animal health and well-being, and reducing the burden on environmental pollution. To explore strategies for improving precision in feeding and nutrition in poultry, we encourage scientists to submit research or review articles to this Special Issue, on topics including but not limited to:

Nutrient requirements under challenge conditions, including disease challenges, gut health challenges, environmental stresses, etc.
Role of amino acids composition in feed on performance and gut health in poultry.
Advances in improving nutrient utilization.
Technologies in improving precision in feed manufacturing.
Interactions of nutrients and feed additives.
Strategies in improving precision in diet formulation and feeding.
Reducing the errors in nutrition-related research models.
Feeding strategies during poultry production.
Reduction of emission in the environment via precision nutrition in poultry.
Precision feeding in birds raised in cage-free systems.
Biomarkers for feed efficiency evaluation and performance prediction.
Impact of feed quality and particle size on nutrient utilization.

Dr. Chongxiao Chen
Prof. Dr. Jianmin Yuan
Dr. Anthony Pokoo-Aikins
Guest Editors

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Keywords

poultry
precision feeding
precision nutrition
feed efficiency
new technology
feed manufacturing
amino acid
statistical model
nutrient utilization
sustainable agriculture
feed additives

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Research

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13 pages, 2006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Expression of Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Receptors Show an Age-Dependent Pattern Involving Oral Cavity, Jejunum and Lower Gut Sensing in Broiler Chickens

by Paloma Cordero, Francisca Díaz-Avilés, Paulina Torres, Miguel Guzmán, Shahram Niknafs, Eugeni Roura and Sergio A. Guzmán-Pino

Animals 2023, 13(19), 3120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193120 - 6 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the gene expression of amino acids (AA) and fatty acids (FA) sensors in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens at two different ages (7 and 26 days post-hatch). Sixteen broilers (Ross 308) were selected, and ten sections of the GIT, including upper (tongue base, upper palate, crop, proventriculus), middle (gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum), and lower GIT section (cecum, colon) were collected for analysis. Relative gene expression of AA (T1R1, T1R3, mGluR1, mGluR4, CaSR, GPR139, GPRC6A, GPR92) and FA (FFAR2, FFAR3, FFAR4) sensors were assessed using qPCR. The statistical model included age, GIT section, and gene. In addition, the correlations between gene expressions were calculated. At day 7, a significantly (p = 0.004) higher expression of AA sensors in the oral cavity and FA sensors in the lower GIT section (i.e., cecum and colon) compared to the middle section was recorded. A higher expression of AA compared to FA sensors was detected at the upper GIT section in 7 (p < 0.001) and 26-day-old chickens (p = 0.026). Thus, at day 7, AA sensors were predominantly (p < 0.05) expressed in the upper GIT section (mainly oral cavity), while FA sensors were mainly expressed in the lower GIT section, at cecum (FFR2 and 4) or colon (FFAR3). These results may indicate that in early life, both ends of the GIT are fundamental for feed intake (oral cavity) and development of the microbiota (cecum and colon). In contrast, at 26 days of age, the results showed the emergence of both AA and FA sensors in the jejunum, presumably indicating the essential role of the jejunum in the digestion absorption of nutrients and the signaling to the brain (gut-brain axis) through the enteroendocrine system. Significant positive correlations were observed between T1R1 and T1R3 (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), CaSR and T1R1 (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), CaSR and T1R3 (r = 0.45, p < 0.050), and mGluR1 and FFAR3 (r = 0.46, p < 0.050). It is concluded that the gene expression is greater in the oral cavity for AA sensors and the lower gut for FA sensors. On day 26, the role of jejunum regarding nutrient sensing is highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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14 pages, 1219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Different Dietary Starch Sources and Digestible Lysine Levels on Carcass Traits, Serum Metabolites, Liver Lipid and Breast Muscle Protein Metabolism in Broiler Chickens

by Caiwei Luo, Yanhong Chen, Dafei Yin and Jianmin Yuan

Animals 2023, 13(13), 2104; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132104 - 25 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1788

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of digestible lysine (dLys) in different dietary starch sources on liver lipid metabolism and breast muscle protein metabolism in broiler chickens. The experimental design was a 3 × 3 two-factor completely randomized design. A total of 702 one-day-old male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into nine treatments of six replicate cages with thirteen birds each. The treatments consisted of three different starch sources (corn, cassava and waxy corn) with three different dLys levels (1.08%, 1.20% and 1.32%). The trial lasted from 1 to 21 days. Carcass traits, serum metabolites, breast muscle protein and liver lipid metabolism were evaluated. A significant interaction effect (p < 0.05) for dietary starch sources and dLys levels was noted in the percentage of abdominal fat and gene expression related to breast muscle protein metabolism throughout the experimental period. The waxy corn starch diet and a 1.08% dLys level in the diet increased both the percentage of abdominal fat (p < 0.01) and blood total cholesterol (p < 0.05) in the broilers. The waxy corn starch diet significantly upregulated the mRNA expressions of Eif4E, AMPK, FABP1, ACC and CPT1 (p < 0.05). The 1.32% dLys level significantly upregulated the mRNA expressions of mTOR, S6K1, Eif4E, AMPK and PPARα (p < 0.05) and significantly downregulated the mRNA expressions of MuRF and Atrogin-1 (p < 0.05). In summary, the waxy corn starch diet resulted in significantly higher expression levels of fat-synthesis-related genes than lipolysis-related genes, leading to abdominal fat deposition in broilers. Increasing the level of dLys in the diet increased the protein content in muscle by promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting protein degradation and also promoted the expression of lipolysis-related genes, thereby degrading the generation of abdominal fat in broilers. Our findings signify that increasing the dLys level to 1.32% when using the waxy corn starch diet could improve carcass traits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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17 pages, 1930 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) Oil Modulates the Growth, Intestinal Morphology, the Fatty Acid Composition of Breast Muscle, Immune Status, and Immunoexpression of CD3 and CD20 in Broiler Chickens

by Shimaa A. Amer, Ahmed Gouda, Gehan K. Saleh, Arwa H. Nassar, Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith, Elsayed M. Younis, Dalia E. Altohamy, Maha S. Kilany, Simon J. Davies and Anaam E. Omar

Animals 2023, 13(6), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13060971 - 7 Mar 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4918

Abstract

This investigation explored the impact of dietary frankincense resin oil (FO) on growth performance parameters, intestinal histomorphology, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, and the immune status of broilers. We allotted 400, three-day-old, male chicks (Ross 308 broiler) into four treatment groups (ten replicates/group; ten chicks/replicate). They were fed a basal diet with different concentrations of FO (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg⁻¹). FO supplementation increased the overall body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) by different amounts, linearly improving the feed conversion ratio with the in-supplementation level. Total feed intake (TFI) was not affected. Growth hormones and total serum protein levels also linearly increased with the FO level, while albumin was elevated in the FO600 group. Moreover, total globulins increased linearly in FO400 and FO600 treatment groups. Thyroxin hormone (T3 and T4) levels increased in all FO treatment groups without affecting glucose and leptin serum values. Different concentrations of FO supplementation in the diet increased the activities of Complement 3, lysozyme, and interleukin 10 levels in the serum. Dietary FO in broilers increased the total percentage of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. It also increased the ratio of n-3 to n-6 linearly and quadratically. Additionally, FO supplementation led to the upregulation of immune clusters of differentiation 3 and 20 (CD3 and CD20) in the spleen, along with improving most of the morphometric measures of the small intestine. In conclusion, FO up to 600 mg kg⁻¹ as a feed additive in broiler chicken production is valuable for promoting their growth, intestinal histomorphology, and immune status along with enriching breast muscle with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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18 pages, 2539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Dietary Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Broiler Zinc Uptake, Bone Quality, and Antioxidative Status

by Hidayat Mohd Yusof, Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman, Rosfarizan Mohamad, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan and Anjas Asmara Samsudin

Animals 2023, 13(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010115 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3983

Abstract

A total of 180 broiler chickens (Cobb500) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups consisting of six replicates and six birds in each pen. Each group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg ZnO (control) and 10, 40, 70, and 100 mg/kg ZnO NPs for 35 days. Resultantly, Zn uptake and accumulation in serum, breast muscle, tibia bone, and liver were linearly and significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary ZnO NPs supplementation at 100 mg/kg compared to the control group (dietary 100 mg/kg ZnO), implying effective absorption capacity of ZnO NPs. This was followed by lower Zn excretion in feces in broilers fed ZnO NPs compared to controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary ZnO NPs at 40, 70, and 100 mg/kg levels improved broiler tibia bone morphological traits, such as weight, length, and thickness. Similarly, tibia bone mineralization increased in broilers fed ZnO NPs at 100 mg/kg compared to the control (p < 0.05), as demonstrated by tibia ash, Zn, Ca, and P retention. Antioxidative status in serum and liver tissue was also increased in broilers fed dietary ZnO NPs at 70 and 100 mg/kg compared to the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary ZnO NPs increased Zn absorption in broiler chickens and had a positive influence on tibia bone development and antioxidative status in serum and liver tissue, with dietary ZnO NPs supplementation at 70 and 100 mg/kg showing the optimum effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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15 pages, 2619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin A on Antioxidant and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

by Peng Li, Chengao Liu, Junlong Niu, Yuanke Zhang, Changwu Li, Zhengfan Zhang, Shuangshuang Guo and Bingying Ding

Animals 2022, 12(23), 3431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233431 - 5 Dec 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2365

Abstract

Necrotic enteritis (NE) impairs poultry production and causes great economic loss. The nutritional regulation of diets has the potential to alleviate NE. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin A (VA) on the antioxidant and intestinal barrier function of broilers co-infected with coccidia and C. perfringens (CCP). In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 336 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were divided into four treatments with two levels of VA (0 or 12,000 IU/kg) and challenged with or without CCP. The animal trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that dietary supplemental VA improved body weight gain (BWG) and the feed intake (FI), and the FI was negatively affected by CCP. Additionally, the levels of catalase (CAT) in the serum, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and CAT in the jejunum and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver decreased with the CCP challenge (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px1, and GSH-Px3 in the liver and jejunum were upregulated by the CCP challenge (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of serum diamine oxidase (DAO), and the mRNA level of ZO-1 were also upregulated with the CCP challenge. Dietary supplementation with VA contributed to the intestinal villi height and the mRNA level of Mucin-2 in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary VA had the ability to alleviate the upregulation of SOD in the liver and SOD, CAT, GSH-Px1, GSH-Px3, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in the jejunum with the CCP challenge (p < 0.05). However, the mRNA level of GSH-Px3 and the levels of SOD in the liver and jejunum were downregulated with the VA supplementation in the diet. In conclusion, dietary VA improved the growth performance and the intestinal barrier function; nonetheless, it failed to alleviate the negative effects of CCP on the antioxidant function in broilers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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18 pages, 478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Expander Conditioning Prior to Pelleting on Pellet Quality, Broiler Digestibility and Performance at Constant Amino Acids Composition while Decreasing AME_N

by Marco Antônio Ebbing, Nadia Yacoubi, Victor Naranjo, Werner Sitzmann and Martin Gierus

Animals 2022, 12(22), 3126; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223126 - 13 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2267

Abstract

Physical pellet quality and AME_N concentration are strongly related to each other in broiler feeding. A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dietary AME_N concentration and feed processing on pellet quality, nutrient digestibility, broiler performance, serum markers, and yield of commercial cuts. Six diets were formulated. The first diet had the recommended AME_N concentration, each further diet was calculated with 40 kcal/kg less, from 0 to −200 kcal/kg, resulting in six levels for each feed phase: starter (1–14 d), grower (15–28 d), and finisher (29–35 d). These diets were processed with and without expander conditioning prior to pelleting, using an average corn particle size of 1.6 mm, ground with a roller mill. A total of 1008 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were placed in a 6 × 2 (6 energy levels and 2 conditionings) factorial trial with six boxes as replications, with three in each broiler performance trial period. Excreta were collected 2 days before the end of each feed phase for apparent total tract digestibility measurement. On day 36, four broilers from each replication (pen) were weighed and then euthanized for blood collection, following which the gastrointestinal organs were weighed, and the ileal and gizzard contents were collected. On day 37, all remaining broilers were slaughtered after fasting to measure commercial cuts and abdominal fat. The results show that the pellet durability index (PDI) was most affected by energy reducing and expander conditioning prior to pelleting, and it was better when diets had energy reduced by 40 to 200 kcal/kg (p > 0.001), as when expander conditioning was used. Digestibility of nutrients was slightly affected by treatments, as was the broiler performance; however, feed efficiency was improved in broiler-fed diets without AME_N reduction and when an expander was used, with p = 0.050 and p = 0.031, respectively. No effects were observed on the weight of gastrointestinal tract organs and serum markers, except for liver (p = 0.037) and α-amylase (p = 0.047). The lowest liver weight and lowest serum protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, gamma-glutamyl, and lipase concentrations were obtained when diets were formulated without energy reduction (Ross-0). There was no effect on commercial cuts relative to live weight at slaughter. The energy reduction was well reflected in the proportion of abdominal fat, which decreased when AME_N was reduced (p = 0.001). The present study shows it is possible to use diets with up to 200 kcal/kg reduction in AME_N without losses in performance, and the use of expander conditioning prior to pelleting promotes higher pellet quality and broiler feed efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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15 pages, 1201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determination of the Optimal In-Feed Amino Acid Ratio for Japanese Quail Breeders Based on Utilization Efficiency

by Lizia C. Carvalho, Tatyany S. A. Mani, Michele B. Lima, Jaqueline A. Pavanini, Rita B. Vieira, Lizandra Amoroso and Edney P. Silva

Animals 2022, 12(21), 2953; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212953 - 27 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2101

Abstract

The description of the genetic potential is the first step to estimating amino acid requirements and the ideal amino acid relation (IAAR). The aim of this study was to estimate the parameters that describe the daily maximum theoretical nitrogen retention (NR_maxT, mg/BWkg^0.67), daily nitrogen maintenance requirement (NMR, mg/BWkg^0.67), protein quality (b), dietary efficiency of the limiting amino acid (bc⁻¹) and determine the lysine requirement and the IAAR for Japanese quail breeders. Two nitrogen balance assays were performed, one assay using 49 quails distributed in seven treatments (protein levels between 70.1 and 350.3 g/kg) and seven replicates and other assay to determine the IAAR by the use of bc⁻¹, 12 treatments and 10 replicate, with a control diet (CD) and 11 treatments that had limited essential amino acids by providing only 60% of the CD. The values obtained for NR_maxT, NMR, b and bc⁻¹ were 3386.61, 0.000486 and 0.000101, respectively. The daily intake of Lys was 291 mg/bird day. Lys was set at 100% for determining the IAAR: 87, 67, 21, 117, 96, 66, 142, 39, and 133 for Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Arg, Val, Ile, Leu, His, and Phr + Tyr, respectively, for Japanese quail breeders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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20 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Large Particle Size in Compound Feed: Using Expander Conditioning Prior to Pelleting Improves Pellet Quality and Growth Performance of Broilers

by Marco Antônio Ebbing, Nadia Yacoubi, Victor Naranjo, Werner Sitzmann, Karl Schedle and Martin Gierus

Animals 2022, 12(19), 2707; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192707 - 8 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2829

Abstract

During the processing of compound feed for broilers, several changes occur that affect the physical and probably the nutritional properties of pellets, influencing animal performance. The effects of mill type, particle size (PS) and expander conditioning prior to pelleting (E + P) were combined to generate pellets. A 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was designed with two mill types (a hammer mill (HM) or roller mill (RM)), three PSs (0.8, 1.2 or 1.6 mm) and two E + Ps (with or without expander processing prior to pelleting), with six replications of 12 unsexed Ross 308 broilers each. All the processing lines reduced the PS from mash to finished pellets via secondary grinding, by 2.35 times on average. However, RM grinding required less electric power (p < 0.001). The intended PS (0.8, 1.2 or 1.6 mm) did not affect this energy consumption. E + P and the PS interacted for the pellet durability index (PDI) (p = 0.006). The worst PDI in the pellets was observed when a PS of 1.6 mm without E + P was used. Only E + P positively affected starch (p < 0.001) and amino acids’ ileal apparent digestibility (p < 0.01). Organic matter (OM) (p = 0.02) and fat (p < 0.001) digestibility, as well as AME_N (p = 0.005) content, were influenced by the PS (main effect), whereas E + P and mill type interacted with these values (p < 0.005). Lower OM digestibility and AME_N content were observed when RM without E + P was used (p = 0.001). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was enhanced and feed intake (FI) was improved with E + P. The combination of the RM mill, a 1.6 mm mean PS, and E + P improved FCR (three-way interaction, p = 0.019)), showing that for a higher PS, E + P is necessary for animal performance. Carcass yield was, on average, 80.1%. No effects on commercial cuts (breast, legs and wings) were observed. In contrast, abdominal fat was affected by mill type * PS (p = 0.012) and E + P * PS (p = 0.048) in a two-way interaction. The highest abdominal fat indicated an imbalance in the amino acid (AA)-to-AME_N ratio. Coarse PS promoted heavier gizzards (p = 0.02) but E + P tended to reduce them (p = 0.057). The processing steps improved pellet quality and feed efficiency associated with RM, coarse PS and E + P, highlighting the positive effects of E + P on abdominal fat and AME_N content, which should be adjusted to AA or reduced at formulation. However, these results are for an experimental processing plant and may not necessarily apply to larger plants, so the use of these data and methods should be considered as guidelines for replication at production sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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14 pages, 3820 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Compound Ratio of Exogenous Xylanase and Debranching Enzymes Supplemented in Corn-Based Broiler Diets Using In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Response Surface Methodology

by Wei Wu, Huajin Zhou, Yanhong Chen, Chunyue Li, Yuming Guo and Jianmin Yuan

Animals 2022, 12(19), 2641; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192641 - 1 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1881

Abstract

This experiment aimed to explore the zymogram of endo-xylanase (EX) and debranching enzymes (arabinofuranosidase [EA] and ferulic acid esterase [EF]) supplemented in the corn–soybean meal-based diet of broilers. An in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was adopted. According to single-factor, completely random design, the optimal supplemental levels of individual carbohydrase were determined by reducing sugars (RS) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Response surface method (RSM) was used to predict the proper compound ratio of three carbohydrases. Results showed that shifts were different for feedstuffs such as corn–soybean meal–distillers dried grains with solubles, corn hull, and wheat bran, revealing that the net increase of RS or IVDMD distinctly dropped when degrading corn and related by-products by EX (p < 0.05). There was a significant quadratic relationship between the above response metrics and addition levels of each enzyme (p < 0.05). The determined dosage was 54 U/g EX, 5.0 U/g EA, and 0.4 U/g of EF, respectively. The optimistic zymogram of carbohydrases in corn basal substrates was judged by the IVDMD screening (R² = 0.9089, p < 0.001). Conclusively, the in vitro assay and RSM were convenient and rapid methods for the optimization of xylan-degrading zymogram, and also testified asthenic hydrolysis of corn arabinoxylan by EX, thus highlighting the synergistic combinations with debranching enzymes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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20 pages, 1494 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Functional Roles of Methionine and Arginine in Intestinal and Bone Health of Poultry: Review

by Guanchen Liu and Woo Kyun Kim

Animals 2023, 13(18), 2949; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182949 - 18 Sep 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3867

Abstract

This review explores the roles of methionine and arginine in promoting the well-being of poultry, with a specific focus on their impacts on intestinal and bone health. The metabolic pathways of methionine and arginine are elucidated, highlighting their distinct routes within the avian system. Beyond their fundamental importance in protein synthesis, methionine and arginine also exert their functional roles through their antioxidant capacities, immunomodulating effects, and involvement in the synthesis of metabolically important molecules such as S-adenosylmethionine, nitric oxide, and polyamines. These multifaceted actions enable methionine and arginine to influence various aspects of intestinal health such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, regulating immune responses, and even influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, they could play a pivotal role in promoting bone development and regulating bone remodeling, ultimately fostering optimal bone health. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential roles of methionine and arginine in intestinal and bone health in poultry, thereby contributing to advancing the nutrition, overall health, and productivity of poultry in a sustainable manner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Feeding and Nutrition in Poultry Production)

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