African Swine Fever Virus Transmission and Control: The Role of Wild and Domestic Suids—2nd Edition

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Pigs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2025 | Viewed by 15653

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Interests: nucleic acid extraction; PCR; enzymes; molecular virology; gel electrophoresis; cell culture; electrophoresis; RNA; microbiology; African swine fever; foot-and-mouth disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Interests: veterinary virology; transboundary animal diseases; vector-borne and zoonotic diseases; wildlife infectious diseases; molecular diagnostics; molecular epidemiology; wildlife conservation; one health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease with mortality rates of almost 100% in domestic pigs and European wild boars. In contrast, wild African suids, such as warthogs and bush pigs, are generally asymptomatic. As one of the most widely consumed meats, pork is a rich source of high-quality protein and select nutrients, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Efforts to control the disease by interrupting transmission pathways rely on a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving spillover between sylvatic hosts and domestic suids, along with those limiting control once the virus has been introduced to domestic pigs. Whilst several universal factors are known to contribute to inefficient control in pigs, including late detection, limited funds for compensation and animal husbandry practices, drivers of inter-species transmission and multi-host spread are less well understood and likely to differ worldwide. This Special Issue will address knowledge gaps regarding the transmission and spread of ASF in endemic and newly affected areas by addressing a broad range of ASFV infection dynamics, including immune responses, transmission pathways and virus pathogenesis in pigs. In addition, approaches shown to mitigate risk and limit spillover and spread, inclusive of virus detection methods suited to resource-constrained settings heavily impacted by ASF, are particularly welcome.

Dr. Juanita Van Emmenes
Prof. Dr. Armanda Bastos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • ASF
  • ASFV
  • transmission pathways
  • risk factors
  • pathogenesis
  • host immune responses
  • molecular epidemiology
  • novel mitigation strategies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1564 KiB  
Article
Stability Analysis of a Fractional-Order African Swine Fever Model with Saturation Incidence
by Ruiqing Shi and Yihong Zhang
Animals 2024, 14(13), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131929 - 29 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 502
Abstract
This article proposes and analyzes a fractional-order African Swine Fever model with saturation incidence. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution is proven. Secondly, the basic reproduction number and the sufficient conditions for the existence of two equilibriums are obtained. Thirdly, [...] Read more.
This article proposes and analyzes a fractional-order African Swine Fever model with saturation incidence. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution is proven. Secondly, the basic reproduction number and the sufficient conditions for the existence of two equilibriums are obtained. Thirdly, the local and global stability of disease-free equilibrium is studied using the LaSalle invariance principle. Next, some numerical simulations are conducted based on the Adams-type predictor–corrector method to verify the theoretical results, and sensitivity analysis is performed on some parameters. Finally, discussions and conclusions are presented. The theoretical results show that the value of the fractional derivative α will affect both the coordinates of the equilibriums and the speed at which the equilibriums move towards stabilization. When the value of α becomes larger or smaller, the stability of the equilibriums will be changed, which shows the difference between the fractional-order systems and the classical integer-order system. Full article
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16 pages, 1827 KiB  
Article
Strategic Challenges to the Eradication of African Swine Fever Genotype II in Domestic Pigs in North Italy
by Silvia Pavone, Silvia Bellini, Carmen Iscaro, Marco Farioli, Mario Chiari, Antonio Lavazza, Luigi Ruocco, Davide Lelli, Giorgia Pintus, Paola Prati and Francesco Feliziani
Animals 2024, 14(9), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091295 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1333
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe viral disease characterized by high lethality in suids and caused by the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). The ASF genotype I virus was introduced to Europe in 1957, marking the onset of the first European epidemic [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe viral disease characterized by high lethality in suids and caused by the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). The ASF genotype I virus was introduced to Europe in 1957, marking the onset of the first European epidemic wave. In 2007, ASFV genotype II was detected in Georgia, affecting domestic pigs and wild boars before spreading to various European and extra-European countries, including Italy. The first case of ASFV in Italy was documented on 7 January 2022, in a wild boar in the Piedmont region. Since then, several ASFV-positive wild boar carcasses have been identified in the Piedmont and Liguria regions. By June 2023, ASFV had spread to Lombardy, one of the major pig-producing regions in northern Italy; the virus was first detected in early summer in wild boar carcasses. Two months later, it was diagnosed in a commercial pig farm as a consequence of the disease’s spread amongst wild boars and an increase in the viral environmental load. This report aims to describe the features of ASFV domestic pig outbreaks that occurred in the Zinasco municipality (Lombardy) and the joint efforts to mitigate potential direct and indirect economic impacts on the Italian and global pig industry. The epidemiological investigation and the measures implemented, which were all performed according to national and European regulations, as well as exceptional ad hoc measures aimed at protecting the pig industry, are described in order to provide a practical and effective approach to combating ASF. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 3178 KiB  
Review
African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies
by Cherry P. Fernandez-Colorado, Woo Hyun Kim, Rochelle A. Flores and Wongi Min
Animals 2024, 14(12), 1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121816 - 18 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 11702
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of swine, has posed a significant global threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage when it comes to the risk of ASF transmission. However, since its introduction to [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of swine, has posed a significant global threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage when it comes to the risk of ASF transmission. However, since its introduction to the Philippines in 2019, it has proliferated not only in backyard and commercial farms but also in wild pig populations. While certain parts of the country were more affected than others, the epidemiologic features of ASF necessitate that all affected areas must be closely monitored and that confirmed cases be treated with the utmost care. With the very limited data on ASF epidemiology and surveillance in the Philippines, future efforts to combat ASF must place even greater emphasis on improved prevention and control strategies. It is worth mentioning that the government’s efforts toward comprehensive ASF surveillance and epidemiological investigation into the possible ASFV sources or transmission pathways are the most important measures in the prevention and control of ASF outbreaks. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current swine industry and ASF situation in the Philippines, which includes its epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, and control strategies. Full article
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Other

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9 pages, 633 KiB  
Commentary
Challenges in the Application of African Swine Fever Vaccines in Asia
by Agathe Auer, Giovanni Cattoli, Pawin Padungtod, Charles E. Lamien, Yooni Oh, Sarah Jayme and Andriy Rozstalnyy
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172473 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1618
Abstract
This paper explores the significance of quality vaccines in managing ASF in Asia, where it poses a substantial threat to the pork industry. It emphasizes the risks associated with substandard vaccines, including the emergence of new virus strains that complicate disease control. Highlighting [...] Read more.
This paper explores the significance of quality vaccines in managing ASF in Asia, where it poses a substantial threat to the pork industry. It emphasizes the risks associated with substandard vaccines, including the emergence of new virus strains that complicate disease control. Highlighting recent advancements in vaccine deployment in Vietnam, the paper calls for rigorous testing and regulations to guarantee vaccine effectiveness and safety. The authors advocate for the implementation of vaccines with the inclusion of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), which enhances disease management strategies in both endemic and non-endemic regions. The conclusion underscores the necessity of stringent standards in vaccine development and strict adherence to regulatory guidelines to ensure successful ASF management and maintain public trust in the vaccines. Full article
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